EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Definition : The exponential function is the continuous function

with base a (a > 0 and a = 1) of the form f(x) = ax.

Y Y y = ax
y = ax
0<a<1 a>1

(0,1) (0,1)
X X

Decreasing function Increasing function

Rules of Exponents Note 2 :

1. a0 = 1 Note 1 : f(x) = e x
e = nlim (1+ 1n )n
00
is natural
2. a1 = a ~
~ 2.718 exponential
functions
3. a-n = 1n
a Prove
d
(e x ) = e x
dx
4. am an = am+n Because f
0
O

. .
2
2

.
3 .
3
. . .

2 3
-
I / I - . .

am
2. 3 .

5. n = am-n
d
de
2 3
' / • • •

d d 2 .
3 .

b 0 -
0 ¥
3/2
31 .
- • • •

m n mn 3/2
6. (a ) = a
21
g 32 !
- . . .

!
-
•
2

2. -
20 1 12 - ooo

! 2!

3. -3.2
n
an b n
.

7. (ab) = /2
2!
- ooo

n n
a a
8. = n d
(e x ) = e x
b
•

b dx
• •
 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
Definition : The logarithmic function are the inverses
of exponential function with base a (a > 0 and a = 1)

y = log a x G- o
x = ay
Y Y y = log a x
a>1
(1,0)
X
(1,0)
0<a<1
X

y = log a x
Decreasing function Increasing function

Important properties of logarithms

log a me log e me = ln me

1. log a a = 1 1. ln e = 1
2. log a 1 = 0 2. ln 1 = 0
3. log a 0 is undefined 3. ln o is undefined
4. log a MN = N log a M 4. ln MN = N ln M
5. log a MN = loga M + log a N 5. ln MN = ln M + ln N

6. log a M
N
= log a M - log a N 6. ln M = ln M - ln N
N

log M
7. a a = M 7. e ln M = M
M
8. log a a = M log a a = M 8. ln eM = M ln e = M

log N
9. M ln N = N ln M
log M
9. M a = N a
1 10. 1 = log e
10. = logMN M
log N M ln M

Note: Logarithmic functions with base 10 : common logarithms log x

Logarithmic functions with base e : natural logarithms
: ln x
 FORMULAS
EXPONENTIAL LOGARITHMIC
d d 1
1. (ex ) = ex 1. (ln x) = x
dx dx
d d 6
Ex: (3ex) = 3ex Ex: (6 ln x) = x
dx dx

d d 1 U
2. (eU ) = eU U •
2. (ln U) =
U
U = •

U
dx dx
d d 1 2 = 2
Ex: (e3x-4) = e3x-4 3 •
Ex: ln(2x+5) = 2x+5 2x+5
•

dx dx

d d 1
3. (ax ) = ax (ln a) 3. (logax) =
dx dx x ln a

d d 1
Ex: (5 x ) = 5 x ln 5 Ex: (log x) =
dx dx x ln 10
d x d 7
Ex: x
(ln 2) = (ln 2) ln (ln 2) Ex: 7(log 2 x) =
dx dx x ln 2

d d 1 U
4. (aU ) = aU (ln a) U •
4. (logaU) = U = •

dx dx U ln a U ln a

d -x d 1 (-5)
Ex: (8 ) = 8 -x (ln 8) (-1)
"
Ex: log 3 (3-5x) =
(3-5x) ln 3
dx dx

d T (x2+1) 2 d d 3 (-5)
Ex: 5 = 5T (x +1) (ln T ) 2x .
Ex: log 3 (3-5x) 3 = 3 log 3 (3-5x) =
(3-5x) ln 3
dx dx dx

ln x 3 = 3ln x (ln x)3 = ln 3 x

2
Diff : x2 Diff : 3 (lnx) 2 1
= 3ln x
x x
•

Power Rule
 KINDERGARTEN’s EXERCISE
1.) y = 10e x + x2 - 6
'

y = 1oe×t2X #

2.) y = 10e 2x + 3x2 - 6x + 5

1082×121+6×-6
'

y =

= 200×+6×-6 #
2
3.) y = e x -4x + 5

y
'
= E- 4×(2×-4)
=
12×-4 )e×±4✗ #

4.) y = xex + 10x

'

y = ✗ e✗+e× -110 #

5.) y = (10x-1) ex

y
'
= 40×-1 )e×+e×( 107
= ex (10×+9) *

6.) y = 3x2 e 4-x

✗
3×2 e4
✗
+ et
- -

yl = .
C- 1) 16×1

( -3×2+6×1 e4
-
✗
=

7.) y = 4log 3 x
'

y =¥no #
 8.) y = 4x log 3x

,¥g
'
y
= + 4
logy
=

¥3 -141095 #

9.) y = 10 + 3 log x4
Reform ; y =
10+12109 ✗
'
y
=

Lento #
10.) y = ln 4x (3x+1)
Reform ; In 4 + In ✗ +In (3×+1)
y
=

'
y =
f- +31-+1 #
I

11.) y = 4x2 e3x-1 + log (2x+1)

(¥%J
""
y
'
= 4×43×-1 (3) + e •
811 +

""
= ( 12×2+8×7 e +
cz×+÷nÑ #
2
12.) y = log x (7x+1)
4x Inconstant) = constant

Reform ; y = 2 log ✗ + dog (7×+1) -

log 4-log ✗

Y' =¥w+*¥emo -0*0=4×+7×5+1 Into #

3x+4
13.) y = e ln 7x + T

Reform
; y
= 7×+1+3×+4
y
'
=
7+1+3×+4Init) (3) =
7+311-3×+4 dnt#

14.) y = 2 ln x + 4 x
y
'
= 2dn✗(In 2) (t ) + 40h4

2dm 1h2 ¢× In 4
=
+
✗
 2 +4x-7)
15.) y = e(5x •
ln (6x+1)
(5×44×-7)

YI =
6@
1- (10×+4) e⇐×¥×-7) In ,g×+ , ,
6×+1

=
el5Ñ -14×-7 )
[¥g +
]
do ✗ + 4) Incbxtl )

16.) y = ex ln (ln x)

y
'
=
e¥✗ .

f- + élnclnx)

=
e✗[ + encenxl
]

17.) y = 2xlne -eln2x - lnex

Reform ; y =
2X -
ednzx In ex -

'
y = 2-
¥2 ¥e -

= 2- ¥ I -

18.) y = xe ln e - 2(log2 x) ailogz ) = ✗

Reform e- ✗
; y = ✗

' "

y = exe -

I
#

19.) y = e log x - log 3 e

"9×g )
'
y = e -

=
edogx
✗ logo #

20.) y = log10(2x 2 +1)

Reform ; y =
flog (2×411)^0
y
'
= 10 ( log (2×7-1) )° 12×2+4%10
•

40×10942×2+1 )
#
=
(2×2+7) Into
 ln x
21.) y = ; a = constant
ax2

yl =
ax2•) -

Itm ) ( 2AM
=
ax -
zaxlnx
=
1- zlnx
9×3
92×4 92×4
#

3
22.) y = ln (x2+1) ln (2x+5) \

Reform ; y = In [✗ 2+1 )•3ln ( 2×+5 )

lnlx417.LY#-gt3lnC2X-5) +2¥
' •

y =

61h44m GXINCZX-151
=
+ #
2×+5 ✗ 4- 1

23.) y = e-x ln x + ln e 4x-1

✗

Reform ; y =
✗
e- In ✗ + (4×-1) Ine = e- In ✗ +4×-1

-_e¥+ anxiety ¥
'
y -14 = -
élnx -14
#

3 2
24.) y = exlnx + ex -6x +1

yl =
In ✗
( ¥+In× ) +
e*- 6×2+1 ) ( 3×2-12×1
? 6×2+1 )
= ( ltdnx )e×dn× + [ 3×2-12×1 eh
#

2
25.) y = xe x + xe-x +xe-x +xe 3x

Reform ; y=×(e×+é×+é+e× )
y
'
__ ✗ ( ex e- -
✗
-2×5*+308×1 + ( e✗+é×+e¥e3✗ )

BONUS: y = ln ( log (x2 +1) ) + ln4 x

/ 1

dog cx4-p.ci#pemo.2X-(4ln3x/
y =
(E)

>
=

( ✗411th
2X

10 )lnogc×4 , ,
-1
¥ ×
Find the derivatives
Ex1: y = 7e2x-3ex +6x-2
'
?2 -38×+6
y = Fe

= 14 @2×-3 EX -16

Ex2: y = lnx -10ln2x +4

'
y =
f- - no
(4×-021)
=
I I -
=
¥
Ex3: y = xlnx - log 2 x
I =

'
y = ✗•
1×-1 1- lnx -

¥2
=
1 + In ✗ -

¥2
Ex4: y = ln2x(x+1) -2xex +5lnx
product Rule

Reform
; y = Inztlnx +In cxti) -2×00+5 In ✗
'
e×+e÷2] -1¥
y = 0 +
f- +
¥, [ -
2x .

=
f- ¥ + - ex
2✗ - zé
,

Ex5: y = 4x2+5ex+1 -2xlog4 x

]
' '
y = 8×+50 -
[ 2×1*4) + 2109¥
"
= 8×+5e× -

¥4 -

2109¥
 →
Ex6: y = x lnx - 4e2x+IT
x
¥(a✗)=a✗ena
/ ✗
4e2✗ IT Init
y = ✗ .

f- + In ✗ - .
2 +

✗
=
I + In ✗ -
8e2✗+ IT Init

Ex7: f(x) = log (x+1)(2x-1) =/ (2×-1) log cx-117

Reform fat log
: =
dog [✗+ 1) + (2×-1)

f- In =
a¥µñ+¢¥Éo
=⇐i¥en÷o
u U
Ex8: f(x) = 10 x+3
-2
ln x In 248100

f- 1×7 zln ✗ Cdn 2) ¥ Diff lm 0

'

= 10×+3 In no -
•
11M
=

10×+3 In no -
2dm ✗ In 2
=
I #

A
Ex9: y = 3 -10x e +log x2x 3 -x

Reform ; y = 3×-10×35×+2log ✗

?
-1×2%0
×
'
3✗ln3 [ lox?é c-1) + e- 30×2 ]
y
- .
=

✗
= 3
✗
Ins + 10×2e- (✗ -

3) -1×2%0 #

'
2
Ex10: f(x) = 4log2 (3x-1) +4e-5 Glogau )=u¥•u

Reform ; fcx) = 8 dog , (3×-1)+48-5

813)
f- 1×7 = + O_O
GX -
1) enz

=
c3✗?¥2 #
Ex11: f(x) = 20e2-x -log 7x7 constant
←✗
Reform ; fcx) = 20 @ -
( dog 7- + dog ✗7)
✗
zoéh log 7- 7-dog
-

=
- ✗

flex, = 2002-1-17 -
O -

Imo
¥10
"
= -208 -

Ex12: y = e ln 2x -6x2 ln x3
Reform ; y = 2×-18×21nx

y
'
= 2- ( 18¥-13bxlnx)
= 2- 18×-36✗ In ✗
#

Ex13: y = 24x ln(2x2 -3) + ln(x-1)e 2x

"
f- eHIn [ x-D

Reform :
y = 24 ✗ In (2×2-3) + In ex 1) + Ine
-

= 24 ✗ In (2×2-3) + In CX-11 + 2XlnÑ1

= 24 ✗ In (2×2-3) + In CX 1) + 2X
-

'
y =
2%2%4×1 + 24In (2×2-3) + ¥ +2

=
z + 24In (2×2-3) +
¥+2
←
constant
Ex14: y = (10x-1)log x + xlog3 x - log 2 3

¥3 1095
'

¥8
+
y = + ioeogx + -
0

=
1%1-0 -110109×+1095 ten #

Ex15: y = 3e2x-4e 2x-1 +5xe 2x

5×8×2 et? 5
'
¢e2× -1.2
+
y = get? 2-
+

= Get - ge2×
-1
+ yo×e2✗ + 5e2✗

§)
"
e ( no ✗+ n -

=
#
 Find the derivatives
① ex -15×2+4×-1
×
,
y =
ANS :
( Ethos -14 )

ex
'

Diff: y
=
-110×+4 #

"
② y
= 7£ t 82£ -16
ANS :

( 14ft 't 82£ )

Diff: +82K
' " '
-

y = 7- e 121

= 1402×-1+820 #

first
perform
.

③ y = 31in x -
41nF -18K
ANS:
⇐ +
Ex )
Reform ; y = 3lnx -
8lnx -18K

y = -
JINX -18K
'

Diff: y
=
-

¥ -1¥
Ext #
-

=
#

④ Incl 2£ ) 8×-42
-1¥
13 + 3X
y
= -

no
ANS :

(78*+3-453)
'

Diff: y
=

13412¥ .
f- 2E ) -13 -

4I%
=
+3 -

¥2 #

⑤ y
= x4nx -

(5×-11) In 2X
ANS :
( xt2xl.mx
-5K¥
-

5ln2X )

Diff: y
'
=
84¥ ) + (thx ) (2X ) -

45×-11 ) # .
2)
t )
# 2×1151

Xt2Xlnx 5th 2X
#
= - -
 first
reform "
.

⑥ y
=
And t
log 13×41 ) + 2ln2× ANS :
,
( dn2FlnHnDtµ¥yenz -12dm)

Reform y =
(Inept log zC3X2tDt2Xln2 ⑧
x
)

fd¥Xln2 )
-

'
( GX ) I
Diff:
nzflncln27tpgfz.my
=C2x7C0Hdn2K2)
y
=
@ -12dm
=2en2⑧
¥2xln2)=¥@lnDoX
(dnz)×IncIn2) -1 2h12 #
Bkzenzisacnmstant
= +
.

⑦ y get lnclnxltselnclnxl
*¥eti¥¥niim+sI
=

sew # f) fence
nxDC-sekzi-5ef-e.IT/--Ee-n-I5e3Xdncdnxy+5e3Xdnx
'
Diff: y =
+

or = 5(e3×te + igelnclnx ) #
xenx
first
reform
,

⑧ log
3X elm
y =

✓ 82-4 X
-

ANS :

4¥emoT¥aIenio)
"
Reform ; y =
dogcart ) log ( XEN -

2
properties
-

CE )
logczxtl ) flog 2
-

y In Inn
-

In My M -

'
py¥% I .la#j-4dno In MN Nlnm
Diff: y O
-

= -
-
-

3- X -2
= -
-

#
( 3XtDlmo F-4XHm0
first
reform
.

⑨ y =
edn ANS :
28215×+61
¥+412 )
-

5×+4

Reform y =
-81
-

SX -14

'
15×+4113%-44512 '=ioxz

/
Diff: y =
I # tax
(5×+412

=
158412×2-5×3
at
=

2×45×+6748+42 #
 ⑧ X' logzltx -61 ANS :
y
=

+5%0921*-61)

x-sqzfe.ie#tflogzAx-6Dl5x4- E5ent5x4logzlH-H
'
Diff: y =

④ y = 5-1 ANS :

Exo t)

exxsf-I -cs-lnxket.3xkiyyk-i-15-5xje3.fm/txln#
Diff:
'
y =

(e Xx 312
=
-x2e×-C5tnxkx2e×IC3 -

I f -

5×+3 dnxtxlnx
ear be =
x
#
= -l-[15t5X-3dnx-Xln#
x ex
④ y = 35×+1 .
In 17×45+1 ) ANS :

35×+1 t5ln3lh# tend

Diff:
¥¥f¥, fdnctxte
35*1 D) ( and
35 151
"
y
=
•
+
't

=
35×+1 ( ¥¥t¥ An In t 5 3) CH't e't ' )
)#
3×4-2×3
13.0 y
=
e. .
In 1×2+1 ) ANS :
2*3×4-2 ¥+1 -16×2-3×7 INKED
]
x
)

2×3

.es#-2Pli2R6x3--2xe3H-2P
'"
e'
¥7 fence In]
'
Diff y : =
.
+

( # 112×3-6×21 In NH )
t )
#
 "
.fi's
perform
1×821256
3
ANS :
④ y
=
In H
(25631*+2×1)
Inter
'

y
Reform : y =
2563 Diff: y = 2563 ( txt 2×7
"
[ lnxtdne ]
2563124¥ )
'
=
2563 or
y
=

=
2563 [ lnxtxlne ]
=
2563 [ In x t x2 ]

-
X
150 y ( Rt 4) In (6×+5) e ANS :

¥¥g4H2Xlnc6Xt5H
= -

Diff: y
'
=
( ¥4 ) ten carts D. 12×1 -

E'
=
6¥15 + 2X In carts ) + FI

ANS :
⑧ 41in ( Xtc ) x'eat '
y
=

( )
-

¥g-2×8×+4×+1 )

)
'

( x2e2* !
+

Diff:
41¥)
'
=
cute ex )
y
-

=
¥6 -

2×62×+1 -

2*2×+1

ftp. -

2×82×+1 ( x -11 ) #

"
.fi's
perform ANS ;
Edna
"
elm
⑦ y + 41T t
(Edna 't 24184nF
=

Reform : y = 2×In2 -141T 6×+2

Diff: y
'
=
( In 2) .
# In 2) + 4IT%nT) ( 6) to

=
2X (In 212+24 ITH n IT
 x
) ANS :

180 y
= 5. It X2ln5 15.2%2 -1281ns )

'
Diff: y =
g. Eln 2 + Cdn 5112×7

=
5 -

2×ln2t2Xln5 #

ANS :
4e5×+m
④ y
=
+ ioelnm -
In # t ) ; m is constant
fzoesxtmtioenm -

×¥ )
'
Diff: y = ¢e5*m is , + do lnm ) ex -

¥
goes Mt
#

¥
=
no nm -

"
.fi's
perform ANS :
200 y = 7- In
Vtnf2§¥I ¥irsxYI*4nux mail )
's
-

't ' ' -

a¥i¥r5xYI*4nE¥I )
's

Reform :
y =
7
@next is
-

In ex -

ID fln
-

( 2×41 ) -
Ins thx -

]%
-tnxJ%l¥7
constance
Y =
7- In Citi ) -

7- In ex -

17 -

Ifn ( 2×41 ) -
Ins -

O -

II
'
Diff: y =
7¥) 7¥21 ) tf¥¥ f) fenczx't enotnxj"
-

,
-

's -

t.FI#ITIlenFEI'=Eii-sfiI *lenY'
'¥i
=

'
'
I #
x
)