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Torque Measurement

This document discusses different types of dynamometers and methods used to measure torque and power. It describes absorption dynamometers like the Prony brake dynamometer which are used to measure power developed by engines or motors by absorbing that power. Driving dynamometers are used to determine performance of power absorbers like pumps. Transmission dynamometers called torque meters are passive devices that sense torque at locations within machines. The document provides details on different dynamometer types and how they are used to accurately measure torque and control engine speed and load.

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97 views

Torque Measurement

This document discusses different types of dynamometers and methods used to measure torque and power. It describes absorption dynamometers like the Prony brake dynamometer which are used to measure power developed by engines or motors by absorbing that power. Driving dynamometers are used to determine performance of power absorbers like pumps. Transmission dynamometers called torque meters are passive devices that sense torque at locations within machines. The document provides details on different dynamometer types and how they are used to accurately measure torque and control engine speed and load.

Uploaded by

ABIISHEK T
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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18MC406 - Metrology

and Measurements

Dr.A.Megalingam @ Murugan
Associate Professor
Department of Mechatronics
Torque and Power Measurements
In many mechanical engineering applications force/acceleration, torque and power need to be measured.

Torque measurement:
*Measurement of brake power of an engine,
*Measurement of torque produced by an electric motor,
*Studies on a structural member under torsion
Power measurement:
*Measurement of brake horse power of an engine,
*Measurement of power consumed by an electric motor
Dynamometers are used to measure torque in internal combustion machines, small steam turbines,
pumps, compressors, etc.
The nature of the machine to be tested determines the kind of dynamometer to be used
for torque measurement.
Absorption dynamometers
If the machine generates power, the dynamometer employed must have the capability of absorbing that power.
Useful for measuring the power or torque developed by power sources such as engines or electric motors
Prony brake dynamometer- mechanical brake arrangement
*The fly wheel is attached to the shaft whose power needs to be determined

*Comprises two wooden blocks- mounted on either side of the fly wheel
*A lever arm is fixed to one block and the other arm is connected to an
arrangement provided to tighten the rope.

*Tightening of the rope is performed in order to enhance the frictional resistance


between the blocks and the flywheel.

The power dissipated in the brake is then calculated by


*P is the dissipated power in watts,
*L is the length of the lever arm in metres,
*N is the angular speed in revolution per minute,
* F is the force in Newton.
Driving dynamometers
In case the machine is a power absorber, the dynamometer must have the capacity to drive it
useful in determining performance characteristics of devices such as pumps and compressors.

*Torque and speed are measured under actual driving conditions of


an automobile engine.
*Tape recordings of such an exercise of an engine are obtained
and then simulated under laboratory conditions.
*Engine speed and torque are controlled by two feedback systems.
*The actual speed signal generated by the tachometer
generator, from the dynamometer, is compared with the
preferred speed that is set in the tape recorder.
*If the actual and the preferred speeds are not the same,
the dynamometer control is automatically adjusted until
they are equal.
*The load cell on the dynamometer measures the actual torque from
the engine, and is compared with the preferred torque that is set in
the tape recorder.
*If these two values differ, then the error signal generated
actuates the engine throttle control in the appropriate direction

Both torque control and speed control operate simultaneously and continuously
Transmission dynamometer
are passive devices placed at an appropriate location within the machine or between machines.
are used to sense torque at that particular location( torque meters).
Torsion-bar Dynamometer
*Elastic deflection of the transmitting element may be used for the measurement of
torque, which can be achieved by measuring either a gross motion or a unit strain.
*Difficulty in reading the deflection of the rotating shaft- employs optical
methods for deflection measurement

*Calibrated scales are used to read the relative angular


displacement of the two sections of the torsion bar.
*possible because of the stroboscopic effect of intermittent
viewing and persistence of vision.
*Replacing the scales on disks 1 and 2 with sectored disks, which are
alternately transparent and opaque sectors.
*human eye with an electro-optical transducer, a version having an
electrical output is obtained.
*When there is no torque, the sectored disks are positioned to give
a 50% light transmission area.
*The area of proportionality increases with positive torque and decreases with
negative torque, thus giving a linear and direction-sensitive electric output
Thank You

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