Turning machine The engine lathe iste mast important ofa ‘he machine tools. It is used to produce extemal or internal cylindrical surfaces. The ‘A machine tool uses a power source 10 piece is Ned by the machine and is rotated imociy the shape of metal components of while a culting f00| rérnoves excess metal machines, Nis asortof machine useas@ for the edernat amet Hnternal uring tool in the making of other rnaceines. consists of enlarging ar firisirg a noe Machine tools were powerad nthe Midd Ages humans ad anima, at by the energy coped by wateraheels i Alter the Indu Revolution, most re waa oe ees a ie ' : oe, — ronce o ety at suraces. The outings machine tools were powerea Uv steam, too! moves cutting on the forward stroke, process. Si nes became known ‘8 computerized numerical contro! (CN machines. They could precisely repeat ‘sequences, and could produce much more ‘complex pices than even the mas skilled tool operators Let's examine the main features of some ‘ofthe most commnnty used machine tons, Drilling machine itis used to produce circular holes in metal with a twist rll. I algo uses a variety of other cutting t001s to perform the basic hole-machining operations. Read the texts about metalworking processes and complete the table Machine tool Final result Description enteral an internal it removes excess metal fem the extemal diameter. el fat surta and finishes a hole. Shape, — sveciic sioae teu flat mett surfaces. De iUling Hachiedo es ILuses a twist drill to make holes. Shaper fat sutace ikcuts the piece. DrllongMachinesssstestune —_Ieetanges he shape ot» worse Shape cul pisces it cuts varous parts using @ cantinuous band of metal with teeth “TueningHaskine!n ste It removes excessive material from parts Read the texts again and decide if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F). metal from the external diameter and cnlaege and finish aicie, T 1 Tuming machines remove exces 2 Shapers can only be vertical Drilling machines use a twist drill to make circular holes. Milling machines can only be manually operated Grinding machines remove excessive material from parts Band saws use a band of metal with teeth to cut various parts Presses 21 not dangerous if perated by both hands, 4fe eee nis cus tat metal nages rlaces. Th s fed insta rotating Cuting tool, Gutters of many id sizes are available for ity of miling operations. Ming machines ay be manually operated, mechanically oF digitally automated (enc, ght ints contac fe material fro parts that are with @ rotating abrasive vine WB vrorpicce. istorcaly, meal Fy was shaped by hand using a Framer Machine esses can be dangerous. Bi-manual contols (controls which require be on the buttons onsistiag of @ continuous band ct 1 usually rides on two wheels y rotating in the ara used for woodworking, Ietalworking, ort et materials, and a particulary useful for cul itv stapes, A constant flow of liquid is the blade fo Keep it eau ard preventing it om overheating, Computer Numerical control (CNC) refers to the automiation of machine too!s in manufacturing processes, The machines are cont olked by computer software which carries ut a series of operations automatically. The first NC machines were built in the 1940s and 9595. They used to cut and shape products, suciv as auiomnobile parts that need precise specifications Parts must be carefully planned sixi prepared by CNC programmers. First they view the thee-dimensional computer aided «lesiqned part, Then they calculate where to cut, the speed nc] shape and select the tools and materials, The CNC programmers translate tne planned machine op oa set of instructions. These instructions are translated into a computer aided manufacturing (CAM) program containing a sel of commands for the machine, The commands are a series of numbers which explains where to cut and the position of material The computer checks all the operations made by the machine tools. 2 Bi The planned machine operations ere translated int ase of instructions bd) These instructions ae translated into a CAM program. © @D The program contains a set of commands forthe machine ] It is calculatec fe to cut and toois and materials are selected. © J The computer checks al the operations made by the machine tools { (B) Programmers view the part in its three-dimensional computer aided design. eens nae ee ca sintinede banda Sead eay o eealevauete vinte len Cuchid, hea Cortante press joes Frensa col Feesce grammer /prougre:matei trod ramador Sing machine Keto 8s]60 Taleo Fije, Aebol save ens Cespall Maen, in ain nels bl So ro anit ears inding machine fyrumd) mijn fu idoer steam engine /stiam endistn/ rotor a Vopoc ie as HYAC,hoyo, oriFici ®, PeTevacionsivie Mimoly Golpe, Atoqu caereeck Ne Reto ges ener! connecter teense i achine tool msfin wi) Maqui, Hercamtienta waicivhes! Wo: Ryeder de Toa Hidealicg milling Hackine Fresadord Slob eanuca u