Contents

Contents ................................................................................................................................................. 92

What is grammar?.............................................................................................................................. 98

Why is teaching grammar important? ........................................................................................... 98

Teaching grammar for a second language ..................................................................................... 98

Objectives of Teaching Grammar....................................................................................................... 99

School Values ......................................................................................................................................... 99

Canisian Profile................................................................................................................................... 99

Pancasila Student Profile ................................................................................................................... 99

Essential Materials: .............................................................................................................................. 100

I. The Present Simple Tense ............................................................................................................ 100

A. Material .................................................................................................................................... 100

1. The Uses of Present Simple.................................................................................................. 100

2. The Pattern of the Sentences............................................................................................... 102

3. The verb BE in the present simple ....................................................................................... 104

4. The Rules of the Third singular person ................................................................................ 104

B. Exercise: ................................................................................................................................... 105

1. Practice 01 (Intermediate) ....................................................................................................... 105

2. Practice 02 (Intermediate) ...................................................................................................... 105

3. Practice 03 (Intermediate) ....................................................................................................... 106

I. The Present Continuous Tense .................................................................................................... 107

A. Material .................................................................................................................................... 107

1. Ussage .................................................................................................................................. 108

2. Time Expressions .................................................................................................................. 109

3. Wh - Question Form of the Present Continuous Tense ....................................................... 110

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 4. Spelling Rules ....................................................................................................................... 111

5. The Simple Present Tense & The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense....................... 112

6. Stative Verbs ........................................................................................................................ 115

B. Exercise .................................................................................................................................... 118

B.1. Practice 04 (Intermediate) .................................................................................................... 118

B.2. Practice 05 (Intermediate) .................................................................................................... 119

B.3. Practice 06 (Upper Intermediate) ......................................................................................... 120

C. Evaluation................................................................................................................................. 121

D. Reflection ................................................................................................................................. 122

III. The Past Simple Tense ............................................................................................................. 122

A. Material .................................................................................................................................... 122

1. There are several uses (functions) of the Past Simple: ........................................................ 122

2. Forms of The Past simple questions and negatives ............................................................. 123

3. Irregular Verbs ..................................................................................................................... 124

B. Evaluation................................................................................................................................. 141

1. Test 1 Irregular Verbs (1-100 words) ................................................................................... 141

2. Test 2 Irregular Verbs (101-200 words) ............................................................................... 141

3. Test 3 Irregular Verbs (201-300 words) ............................................................................... 141

4. Test 4 Irregular Verbs (1-369 words) ................................................................................... 142

C. Exercise .................................................................................................................................... 142

Practice 07 (Intermediate) ........................................................................................................... 142

IV. The Past Continuous Tense ...................................................................................................... 144

A. Material .................................................................................................................................... 144

How do we make the Past Continuous tense? ............................................................................ 144

B. Past Continuous Uses ............................................................................................................... 145

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 Use 1 Interrupted Action in the Past ........................................................................................ 145

Use 2 Specific Time as an Interruption .................................................................................... 145

Use 3 Parallel Actions ................................................................................................................ 146

Use 4 Atmosphere....................................................................................................................... 146

Use 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always" ....................................................................... 147

C. Past Continuous Tips ................................................................................................................ 147

1. While vs. When (Past Continuous VS Past Simple) ............................................................ 147

2. Remember Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs ............................................................. 148

3. Adverb Placement .................................................................................................................. 148

4. Active/ Passive ........................................................................................................................ 149

D. Exercise .................................................................................................................................... 149

Practice 08.................................................................................................................................... 149

V. The Present Perfect Tense ........................................................................................................... 150

A. Material .................................................................................................................................... 150

1. Present Perfect Forms.......................................................................................................... 151

2. Present Perfect Uses ............................................................................................................ 153

3. ADVERB PLACEMENT ........................................................................................................... 158

4. ACTIVE / PASSIVE ................................................................................................................. 158

5. For and Since with Present Perfect tense ............................................................................ 158

6. What's the difference? Present Perfect and Past Simple .................................................... 159

B. Exercise .................................................................................................................................... 159

Practice 09 (Intermediate) ........................................................................................................... 159

Practice 10 (Upper Intermediate) ................................................................................................ 161

C. Evaluation................................................................................................................................. 163

D. Affective Evaluation ................................................................................................................. 164

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 E. Reflection ................................................................................................................................. 166

VI. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense .................................................................................... 166

A. Material .................................................................................................................................... 166

How do we make the Present Perfect Continuous tense? .......................................................... 167

Contraction with Present Perfect Continuous ............................................................................. 167

How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous tense? ............................................................. 168

Present Perfect Continuous for past action just stopped ............................................................ 168

Present Perfect Continuous for past action continuing now ....................................................... 169

For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous tense................................................................. 169

Remember Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs ....................................................................... 170

Adverb Placement ........................................................................................................................ 170

Active / Passive ............................................................................................................................ 170

What's the difference?................................................................................................................. 170

B. Exercise .................................................................................................................................... 175

Practice 11 (Intermediate) ........................................................................................................... 175

Practice 12 (Intermediate) ........................................................................................................... 176

Practice 13 (Intermediate) ........................................................................................................... 178

Practice 14 (Intermediate) ........................................................................................................... 180

Practice 15 (Upper Intermediate) ................................................................................................ 182

C. Evaluation................................................................................................................................. 185

D. Reflection ................................................................................................................................. 185

VII. The Simple Future Tense .......................................................................................................... 185

A. Material .................................................................................................................................... 185

Form Will ...................................................................................................................................... 185

Contraction with Future Simple ................................................................................................... 186

95
 Form Be Going To ........................................................................................................................ 187

Uses .............................................................................................................................................. 187

Important ..................................................................................................................................... 188

Adverb placement ........................................................................................................................ 189

Active / Passive ............................................................................................................................ 189

VIII. The Future Continuous Tense .................................................................................................. 189

▪ Material .................................................................................................................................... 189

Form Future Continuous with "Will" ..................................................................................... 189

Contraction with Future Continuous ....................................................................................... 190

Form Future Continuous with "Be Going To " ...................................................................... 191

Uses .............................................................................................................................................. 191

Adverb Placement ........................................................................................................................ 193

Active / Passive ............................................................................................................................ 193

How do we make the Future Continuous tense? ........................................................................ 194

How do we use the Future Continuous tense? ............................................................................ 194

Differences between Simple Future Tense and Future Continuous Tense ................................. 194

Similarities: ................................................................................................................................... 195

Differences Between Future Tenses ............................................................................................ 195

▪ Exercise .................................................................................................................................... 197

Practice 16 (Intermediate) ........................................................................................................... 197

Practice 17 (Intermediate) ........................................................................................................... 199

Practice 18 (Intermediate) ........................................................................................................... 201

Practice 19 (Upper Intermediate) ................................................................................................ 204

▪ Evaluation................................................................................................................................. 206

▪ Affective Evaluation ................................................................................................................. 207

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 ▪ Reflection ................................................................................................................................. 209

Enrichment ........................................................................................................................................... 209

Enrichment 1: ................................................................................................................................... 209

Enrichment 2: ................................................................................................................................... 210

Enrichment 3: ................................................................................................................................... 212

References ........................................................................................................................................... 213

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Overview

What is grammar?
Grammar is the total mechanism which a language posseses and through which its users are
able to communicate with each other.

Grammar refers to the formal analysis and description of the rules of the language. This is
known as descriptive grammar.

Grammar also refers to the rules for the correct use of a language which may be prescribed for
its users.

Why is teaching grammar important?

This emphasis on grammar in the curriculum is because of how it ties into the rest of pupils’
learning. For example, a proper understanding of grammar is key for benefitting reading
comprehension, which is a key skill examined in pupils’ SATs and beyond. The main aim of
English as a subject is to enable pupils to speak and write clearly and fluently, so that they can
communicate effectively with others. This is essentially the aim of traditional grammar on the
whole – it’s function is to provide a set of rules for language so that we can all communicate
with each other effectively and consistently.

Without proper grammar, people might write and speak in muddled and awkward ways, which
only hinders communication. So, the focus on grammar in English is to benefit the aims of the
subject on-the-whole, which is to promote clear and effective communication through reading,
writing, speaking and listening.

Through teaching grammar, we can provide students with the ability to analyse English texts
and use grammatical terms correctly in their discussion of work. This is vital for English
assessment, and an ability to properly recognise and discuss grammar will benefit students with
their grades at primary school and beyond. Learning grammar properly can also make sure that
students' own grammar is spot on, as it's easy to lose marks in assessments for small grammar
errors, which can be prevented through effective and engaging grammar teaching.

Teaching grammar for a second language

A knowledge of grammar is also encouraged for those learning another language. While it might
seem abstract and hard to actually utilise in speech at first, grammar is really important when
learning other languages as it gives you an insight into how the language is structured and how
it works.
Grammar helps provide learners with a structure to recognise as they learn to understand, speak
and write new languages. Without a good grasp of grammar, it’s hard to gain proper fluency in

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and understanding of a language, since these structures are key in making clear why certain
rules of a language exist.

It’s important to find a middle ground though – purely teaching grammar without a focus on
communication can make it hard for people to grasp the basics and use the language practically
as a speaker. However, neglecting grammar for purely communicative teaching prevents
learners from grasping a deeper understanding of the language, and could hinder their long-
term fluency. When teaching a new language, it's important to focus both on grammar rules, as
well as practical conversation, speaking, and reading.

Objectives of Teaching Grammar

1. It helps to use the language effectively
2. Knowlegde of underlying rules” of grammar is provided
3. To develop students insight into the structure of English language
4. To enable the students to assimilate the correct patterns of the language.
5. To teach grammar as a rule governed behavior.
6. To develop the mental abilities of reasoning and correct observation.
7. To develop a scientific attitude in learners.

School Values
Canisian Profile
Competence, Conscience, Compassion, Commitment, Leadership

Pancasila Student Profile

a. Creative
take the initiative to rework the exercises given and look for similar exercises from
different sources
b. Self-sufficient
Brainstorming the initial activity learning.
c. Critical Thinking
Developing and relating matter in life everyday.
d. Gotong Royong
Work together to find more information about the material given in a group

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Essential Materials:
I. The present simple tense

II. The present continuous tense

III. The past simple tense

IV. The past continuous tense

V. The present perfect non-progressive tense

VI. The present perfect progressive tense

VII. The future simple tense

VIII. The future continuous tense.

I. The Present Simple Tense

A. Material
1. The Uses of Present Simple
1.1.Regular habits or daily routine
Use the simple present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The
action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event or somehing that often happens.

Example:
We play football.
Our stores open every morning at 9 a.m .
He often brings a novel.
Sherly works for an insurance company.

1.2.Facts or generalizations
The simple present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true in
the past, is true now, will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker
is right about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or
things.

Example :
Denpasar is the capital city of Bali Province.
Water boils at 100⁰ Celcius.

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 It usually snows in January in Canada.
The sun always rises in the east

1.3.Non- Progressive Verbs

The simple present is used for many verbs of thinking, feeling and sensing and
the verbs that do not have progressive forms. These verbs are called Stative
Verbs.
Example :
My sister likes this wine very much. is liking
I believe you at this time. am believing
He understands this material now. is understanding

1.4.Schedules of Events in the Near Future

Speakers occasionally use simple present to talk about scheduled events in the
near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public
transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well
Example :
Taksaka Train leaves tonight at 8 p.m from Gambir.
The bus departs at 4 p.m from Pulo Gebang.
The concert begins at 7 o’clock.
I start my new job tomorrow.

1.5.Series of Events
When we talk about series of completed actions and events, we often use the
simple present. This happens, for example, in demonstrations, commentaries,
instructions, and present-tense stories.
Example :
First she takes a bowl, and breaks two eggs into it. Next....
Gareth passes to Christiano, Christiano shoots .... and it’s a goal.
You go straight on to the traffic light, then you turn right, ..

1.6. The simple present is often used to show repeated actions with adverbs
like:
Always : I always come to school by car.
Often : You don’t come here very often.
Usually : She usually has breakfast at 6.00 AM.
Somestimes: Sometimes we see the movie.
Rarely : She rarely cooks.
Never : He is never late for meeting.
Every day: They wake up early every day.

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 1.7. We also use the simple present to talk about the future after words like ' 'when',
'until', 'after', 'before' and 'as soon as'. These are sometimes called subordinate
clauses of time or time clauses. A time clause is a clause that starts with an
adverb of time like this is not usually a complete grammatical idea, as they work
as subordinating conjunctions:
Example :
I will call you when I have time. (Not 'will have'.)
I won't go out until it stops raining.
I'm going to make dinner after I watch the news.

1.8. We use the present simple in the first and zero conditionals.
This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches
100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one
particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main clause. If /
when + simple present, simple present.
Example :
If you drink a glass of milk before you go to bed, you sleep well.
If you heat water to 100 degrees Celcius, it boils.
When she goes on a trip, she always takes a lot of pictures.
You call that number whenever you have a problem

2. The Pattern of the Sentences

There are three pattens :
1. Affirmative
2. Negative
3. Intterrogative

2.1. Affirmative
Subject Verb (present tense)

I
You
We sing
You well.
They

He/She/It sings

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 The present simple form of the verb is identical to the base form in all persons
except the third person singular. The third person singular is formed by adding -
s to the base form. Note the changes in spelling:
run » runs
dive » dives
play » plays
cry » cries (a final -y changes to -ie- after a consonant)
wash » washes; kiss » kisses; watch » watches; box » boxes (we add -es after -
sh, -s, -ch and -x)
go » goes (we add -es)
do » does (we add -es)
have » has

2.2. Negative
In the negative, we use the auxiliary do + not followed by the bare infinitive in
all persons except the third person singular. In the third person singular we
use does + not:
Subject Auxiliary not Verb (bare infinitive)

I
You
We do
You not Sing well.
They

He/She/It does

The contracted forms don't and doesn't are often used instead of do not and does
not in spoken and in informal written language.

2.3. Interrogative
In the interrogative, we use the auxiliary do followed by the subject and the bare
infinitive in all persons except the third person singular. In the third person
singular, we use does:
(Question word) Auxiliary Subject Verb (bare infinitive)

I
How do you sing?
we

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 you
they

does he/she/it

3. The verb BE in the present simple

The verb be has irregular present tense forms. In the present simple, the
auxiliaries do and does are not used in the negative and interrogative if the main verb
is be:
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I am in the garden. I am not in the garden. Am I in the garden?
You are in the You are not in the garden. Are you in the garden?
garden. He/She/It is not in the Is he/she/it in the
He/She/It is in the garden. garden?
garden. We are not in the garden. Are we in the garden?
We are in the You are not in the garden. Are you in the garden?
garden. They are not in the garden. Are they in the garden?
You are in the
garden.
They are in the
garden.
The following contracted forms are often used in spoken and in informal written
language:
I am » I'm
you are » you're
he/she/it is » he's/she's/it's
we are » we're
you are » you're
they are » they're

are not » aren't

is not » isn't

4. The Rules of the Third singular person

Regular Singular The third person
spelling singular
-s in most work s/he works
cases drive s/he drives

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 play s/he plays
run s/he runs
-o do s/he does
-es when a -ss miss s/he misses
verbs ends -x mix s/he mixes
with: -ch catch Catches
-sh push Pushes
consonant + - cry s/he cries
-ies
y turns into fly s/he flies
buy Buys
vowel + - say Says
-s
y takes -s
obey Obeys

B. Exercise:
1. Practice 01 (Intermediate)

Put the verb into the correct form in Simple Present Tense.
1. The swimming pool ...... (open) at 6.00 and ......(close) at 21.00 every day.
2. What time ......(the banks/close) in Australia?
3. I have a car but I …... (not/use) it very often.
4. How many cigarettes ......(you/smoke) a day?
5. "What ......... (you/do)?" " I am an electrical engineer."
6. "Where ...... (your mother/come) from? " She ...... (come) from Manado."
7. If you need money, why ..,... (you/not/get) a job?
8. I …... (play) the guitar, but I ….. (not/play) very well.
9. I don't understand the word "deceive"? What .... ('deceive'/mean)?
10. How many languages ...... (you/speak)?

You can also do in the following link of Google Form.

Exercise1 Present Simple Tense: https://forms.gle/BT2eEg75Rwg78KVs9

2. Practice 02 (Intermediate)

Put the verbs into the correct form in Simple Present Tense..
Example : 1. Emily_____ (to like) music and ____(to go) to the disco.
Your answer: Emily likes music and goes to the disco. or
likes, goes
2. I ________ (to like) lemonade very much. or
Your answer: I like lemonade very much.

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 Like

1. Jennifer _________ (to have) a nice swimming pool.

2. She _____ (to be) forty years old.
3. The girls always ___________ (to listen) to pop music
4. Tom __________ not/to work) tonight. He _______ (never/to work) on
Sundays.
5. They _______ (to be) Viona's parents.
6. His daughter always __________ (to take) their dog out for a walk.
7. I usually _________ (to go) to bed around 10 o'clock.
8. What time________ (you / to get up) on weekdays?
9. ________ (the movie /to start) at 8 o’clock?
10. Which bus _______ (Sinta and Lena/to take) to go to school?
11. My son usually _________ (to visit) his grandpa on the weekends.
12. _____________ (they /to sell) tomatoes in this shop?
13. The sale ______ (to end) next week.
14. This girl _________ (not/to wear) trousers at school.
15. _______ (Mr. Heru / to teach) physics?
16. The guinea pigs ___________ (not/to hide) under the desk.
17. In this book, the hero ___________ (to save) the princess and __________
(to marry) her.
18. The main character__________ (to be) very pretty and ________(to work) at
a café.
19. I won’t go out until it ___________(to stop) raining.
20. She is going to make dinner after she ________ (to watch) the news
21. The train _________ (to arrive) at 11 am tomorrow morning.
22. What time ________ (the store/to open) tomorrow?
23. Final exams ________(to start) next week.
24. Next Friday at 14.00 there________(to be) an English test.
25. How ___________(Monica/to do) the shopping?

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Exercise2 Present Simple Tense: https://forms.gle/tu6yqLp7M9YaKt7x6

3. Practice 03 (Intermediate)

Part 1
Make the interrogative sentences using the following words using the simple
present tense.
Example : (whom / she / meet on Sundays)?
your answer : Whom does she meet on Sundays?
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 1. (where /David Beckham / come from)?
2. (how long / it / take from Medan to Jayapura?
3. (what time / the film / start)?
4. (why / you / eat so much chocolate)?
5. (what / these machines / do)?

Part 2
Fill in the spaces with the correct words for the simple present sentences. The
options are: do, does, is, are, am, who, what, where, when, why, and how. Pay
attention to the punctuation.

1. Where_____ your uncle live?

2. How _______ you?
3. Where _____my keys? I can't find them.
4. Where______ Renny and Rina always work?
5. Why _____ Victoria sad?
6. Who ______ your dean?
7. What______ their names?
8. Whom ______ you sit with in class?
9. What time _______ the boys go to sleep?
10. How ______ Herlina like her new car?

Part 3
Ask for the word(s) in the brackets.

1. Jessica rides her bike. (Jessica)

2. I go to the cinema on Saturdays. (on Saturdays)
3. We go to Miami because it is warm there. (because it is warm there)
4. Ricky repairs his bike. (his bike)
5. Grace drives her car carefully. (carefully)

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Exercise3 Questions in Present Simple Tense: https://forms.gle/84Aj8zuskcek4ej39

I. The Present Continuous Tense

A. Material
107
1. Ussage

Use 1
We use The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense when we want to to express
the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. "Now, right now,
at present, presently, for the time being, currently, at the moment, at the present,
nowadays, this year " are common time expressions used with this tense.

• I am learning English now.

• You are watching TV right now.
• He is working abroad at the moment.
• She is presently studying in Istanbul.
• We're using my old computer for the time being
• She's not waiting here at the moment
• They are playing football in the garden now.
• Charles is taking three courses this year / this term.
• Car prices are getting higher nowadays /these days.

Use 2
Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous Tense to show that something will or
will not happen in the near future. "Tomorrow, tonight, next week, next year" are
common time expressions used with future meaning.

• I am not going to the party tonight.

• Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
• They are flying to Paris next week.
• Tom is starting a new job on Friday.
• My dad is retiring in June.

Use 3
When we use this tense with adverbs "always", "continuously" or "constantly", we
mean a kind of complaining, irritation or shocking situation. Something which
happens again and again.

• She is always coming to class late.

• I don't think Daniel can lose weight. He is always eating something.
• He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
• I don't like them because they are always complaining.
• He's continuously changing his mind.
• Nobody likes Ann at school since she is always having arguments with other
students
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 Use 4
We use the tense for longer actions in progress now. These actions may be slowly
changing.

• I am studying hard to be become an engineer.

• We aren't doing any job nowadays.
• Economically the country is improving steadily these past ten years.
• Her health is improving rapidly.
• Petroleum prices are rising these days.

Use 5
We can also use the Present Progressive Tense for habits, but they may or not be
temporary or new habits.

• She is smoking a lot these days.

• We are studying our lessons every night.
• The kids are watching TV every day.

Use 6
Another use is for certain future plans, arrangements

• We are meeting my aunt tomorrow.

• She is going to the beach at the weekend.
• The workers are leaving at 6.

Use 7
New trends, popularities, likes

• More and more people are using their iphones nowadays.

• The kids are playing games on their tablet computers.

2. Time Expressions

Use 1 (Present time)

"Now, right now, at present, presently, for the time being, currently, at the
moment, at the present, nowadays, this year " are common time expressions used
with this tense.

• We are learning English now.

• We're watching TV right now.
• At present my father is working abroad.

109
 • He is presently studying in Istanbul.
• We're using my old computer for the time being.
• The Director is currently having talks in the USA
• She's not waiting here at the moment
• Charles is taking three courses this year / this term.
• Car prices are getting higher nowadays /these days.

Use 2 (Future Time)

"Tomorrow, tonight, next week, next year" are common time expressions used
with future meaning.

• I am not going to the party tonight.

• Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
• They are flying to Paris next week.
• Tom is staring a new job on Friday.
• My dad is retiring in June.

Use 3
When we use this tense with adverbs "always", "continuously" or "constantly" for
complaining something.

• She is always coming to class late.

• I don't think Daniel can lose weight. He is always eating something.
• He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
• I don't like them because they are always complaining.
• He's continuously changing his mind.
• Nobody likes Ann at school since she is always having arguments with other
students

3. Wh - Question Form of the Present Continuous Tense

How do we make a wh question?

Form:
Wh question word (what, when...) + am /is / are + Subject (I, you, we...) + verb +
ing + others

Table:
Wh Question
Auxilary Verb Subject Verb others
Word

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 Where are You going to?
What is She watching on TV?
When is Mike leaving school?
Who are You talking to?
Why is the teacher saying that?
How are They coming here?
These wh question words are at the beginning of the sentence. After them, we use
auxilary verb and subject.
We don't use yes or no in the answer.
Example Sentences:
"Where" question asks for the place:
Where is she living? → She's living in NewYork.
• Where are you meeting your friends? → I'm meeting them at the school.

"What" question asks for information about something:

What are you eating ? → I'm eating fruits.
• What are you reading? → I'm reading a funny book.

"When" question asks for information about time:

• When are you meeting your father? → I'm meeting him at 9.
• When is she coming home? → She is coming home late today.

"Who" question asks for information about a person:

• Who is she talking on the phone? → She is talking to her mother.
• Who are they travelling with? → They are travelling with Tom.

"Why" question asks for information about reason, explanation:

• Why is she crying? → She is crying because she lost her toy car.
• Why are we waiting here? → We're waiting here because I cannot find my keys.

"How" question asks for information about manner, the way to do:
• How is Sally singing? → She is singing very well.
• How are they going to work? →I am going there by train.
•

4. Spelling Rules

How do we spell the Present Continuous Tense when we add ing to the verb?

111
 Spelling Table

feed - feeding
Basic Rule We just add +ing to the verb. drink - drinking
say - saying

ends with -e -e falls write - writing

come - coming
dance - dancing

if last three letters are last consonant is written twice sit - sitting
consonant + vowel + run - running
consonant swim - swimming
(vowels = a, e, i, o, u) stop - stopping
(consonants= b,c,d,t,...)
If stress is on the second
syllable, last letter is written Prefer preferring
twice. Begin beginning
double syllables Control
(except for verbs controlling
ending -w, -x, -y ) Forget forgetting
Listen listening
Open opening

Play playing
Show showing

ending with -ie -ie falls Lie lying

-y is used instead. Die dying

5. The Simple Present Tense & The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense

5.1.Difference
What is difference between the uses of The Simple Present Tense & The Present
Continuous (Progressive) Tense?

Here is the table showing how to use these two tenses in English with detailed
information and example sentences:

112
 The Simple Present Tense The Present Continuous (Progressive)
Tense
General actions, habits and repeated Things which are happening at the
actions. Actions which are repeated moment of speaking:
regularly. • Look, the sun is rising.
• Peter works at the aircraft • The ice is melting and your hands are
factory. wet
• The British people speak
English.
• She never comes here.
• He always answers the questions.
• I often see Steven in the library.

Things which are always true or Actions which are happening and
scientific changing:
• The sun rises in the east. • Please be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
• The ice melts if it is hot. • Margaret is dancing very well tonight.
• Don't take that book because my
brother is reading it.
• They are studying English at home
right now.
• Is the economy getting better?

Future events which are part of a Definite future plans:

timetable or schedule: • I am not going to the party tonight.
• The movie starts at 9. • He's visiting his parents next
• My Math Lesson finishes at weekend.
10.30. • They are flying to Paris next week.
• The train arrives at 12. • Tom is staring a new job on Friday.
• What time does the match start?

For the newspaper titles, we use this To talk about people in pictures and
tense. photos:
• Obama visits Turkey. • In this photo, my brother is hiding
• Somali pirates release food aid behind a tree.
ship. • Look, he is falling in a pool. What an
• Shootings kill 2 Iraqi security interesting picture.
officials.
In jokes, anecdotes and film or book
summaries

113
 • A man comes in with a silver
knife and starts lauging...
• In his new film Robert Redford
plays the part of a brave cowboy.

5.2.Both Continuous and Non-Continuous Verbs

Continuous Verbs: These verbs can be used in continuous tenses (verb + ing) and
others.
Non-Continuous Verbs: These verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses (verb + ing).

to see:
I see her. I am seeing her.I am seeing her.
(I see her with my eyes.)

I am seeing the doctor.

(To visit or consult with a doctor dentist or lawyer.)

to smell:
The coffee smells good. The coffee is smelling good.The coffee is smelling good.
(The coffee has a good smell. It is a situation.)

I am smelling the flowers.

(I am sniffing the flowers. It's an action.)

to taste:
The coffee tastes good.
(The coffee has a good taste. It is a situation)

I am tasting the cake.

(I am trying the cake to see what it tastes like. It's an action.)

to think:
He thinks the test is easy.
(He considers the test to be easy. It is his idea.)
She is thinking about the question.
(She is pondering the question going over it in her mind and trying to find an answer
right now. It's an action.)

to weigh:

114
 The table weighs a lot.
(The table has a great weight. It is a situation)

She is weighing herself.

(She is determining her weight. It's an action.)

to feel:
The massage feels great.
(The massage has a pleasing feeling.)
I don't feel well today.
I am not feeling well today.
(I am a little sick.)

To look
She looks cold. I'll lend her my coat.
(In this sentence, the verb "look" means "seem". it is a situation.)

The baby is looking out the window.

( the verb "look" is an action of looking.)

6. Stative Verbs

Group 1 --- Continuous Verbs

This group contains most of the verbs in English. These are usually physical actions
which you can see somebody doing. These verbs can be used in all tenses.

Example Verbs:
to run, to walk, to eat, to fly, to go, to say, to touch, etc...

These verbs can be used in continuous tenses (verb + ing) and others. Here are some
examples:

Present continuous - They are sleeping right now.

Past continuous - Dad was cleaning the house when I arrived.
Future continuous - I will be travelling to Maldives this time tomorrow.
Present perfect continuous - We have been living in this city for three years.

Group 2 --- Non-Continuous Verbs (Stative verbs)

These verbs are also called stative verbs. Those verbs are rarely or never used in
continuous tenses (verb + ing). These verbs are usually actions we cannot
see somebody doing.

115
I know him. I am knowingam knowing him.
She wants to go home. She is wantingis wanting to go home.

What are stative verbs? Which verb is a stative verb or not?

They are divided into some groups:

Mental Verbs

know : We don't know when he's arriving.

believe: He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence.
imagine: I don't imagine (that) they have much money
want: I want to learn French.
realize : I realize how difficult it's going to be.
feel: I feel I'm right.
doubt: I don't doubt his abilities.
need: I need time.
understand: I don't understand you.
suppose: I suppose he is right.
remember: I don't remember that.
prefer: I prefer red one.
think: I think he is lying.
forget: I often forget that word.
mean: What does this word mean?
recognize: She doesn't recognize me.

Possession Verbs

have: She has two cars.

possess: She possesses two cars.
own: She owns two cars.
belong: It belongs to her.

Emotion Verbs
like: They like pop music.
love: She loves me.
hate: We hate it.
dislike: We dislike it.
fear: I fear dogs.

116
 envy: She envies her sister.
mind: I don't mind having a dog in the house.
care: I don't care how much it costs.
appreciate: I appreciate your success.

Sense:
taste: The food tastes great.
hear: Do you hear me?
see: Do you see me?
smell: It smells terrible.
feel: The cat's fur feels soft.

Others:
seem: He's 16, but he often seems younger.
cost: It costs a lot to buy a house.
be: He is rich.
consist of : The team consists of four students.
look : You look tired
owe: He owes me $1000
exist: Ghosts don't exist.
contain : Don't eat foods which contain fat.
appear: He appears to be asleep.
weigh: It weighs a ton.

be
He's so interesting! (state – his permanent quality)
He's being very unhelpful. (action – he is temporarily behaving this way)

Do you know how to use stative verbs

like think, love, smell and have?

Look at these examples to see how stative verbs are used.

I think that's a good idea.
I love this song!
That coffee smells good.
Do you have a pen?

Stative verbs describe a state rather than an action. They aren't usually used in the present
continuous form.
I don't know the answer. I'm not knowing the answer.

117
 She really likes you. She's really liking you.
He seems happy at the moment. He's seeming happy at the moment.

B. Exercise
B.1. Practice 04 (Intermediate)

Put the verb into the correct form in the Present Simple or Present
Continuous Tense.
Example: Please don’t make so much noise. I ___ (study) biology.
Answer: am studying

1. Let’s go out now. It _____ (not/rain) any more.

2. Listen to those people. What language _____ (they/speak)?
3. Please be quiet. I ____ (try) to concentrate.
4. Why ____ (you/look) at me like that? Have I said something wrong?
5. You ____ (make) a lot of noise. Can you be a bit quieter?
6. Excuse me, I ____ (look) for a phone box. Is there one near here.
7. (in the cinema) It’s a good film, isn’t it? _______ (you/enjoy) it?
8. Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They ____ (shout) at each other
again.
9. Why _____ (you/wear) your coat today? It’s very warm.
10. I ____ (not/work) this week. I’m on holiday.
11. How many languages _____ (Melly/speak)?
12. This machine _____(not/work). It hasn’t worked for years.
13. I _____(not/belong) to a political party.
14. Hurry. The commuter ___ (come). I ____ (not/want) to miss it.
15. The River Bengawan Solo _____ (flow) into the Java Sea.
16. The river _____ (flow) very fast today-much faster than usual.
17. _____(it/ever/snow) in India?
18. We usually ____ (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we ____
(not/grow) any.
19. X : Can you drive?
Y : No, but I ____ (learn). My father _____ (teach) me.
20. Rendy is in Paris at the moment. He ____(stay) at the Hilton Hotel. He usually
_____ (stay) at the Hilton Hotel when he’s in Paris.
21. (at the party) I usually ... (enjoy)parties, but I ,,, (not/ enjoy) this one very
much.
22. My parents _____(live) in Tokyo. They were born there and have never lived
anywhere else. Where ______(your parents/live)?

118
 23. She _____ (stay) with her sister at the moment until she finds somewhere to
live.
24. X : What _____(your father/do)?
Y : He’s a teacher, but he _____(not/work) at the moment.
25. What ____ (you/think) about?

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Exercise4 Present Simple or Present Continuous Tense:
https://forms.gle/LAAY7GzCJxi5yoVz8

B.2. Practice 05 (Intermediate)

Use the italic words (red ink) to complete the text below with appropriate
tenses ( Present Simple and Present Continuous).
Do like the example :
I hate living in Seattle because it _____ (rain, always).
Your answer : always rains

A: The coffee machine ..................... so we'll have to go to a bar.

B: Haven't they fixed it yet?
Your answer: isn’t working

A Trekking Journal

July 3, 2020

Today ( 1) _________ be the second day of my trek around Mount Slamet. I am

exhausted and my legs (2) ________ shake, I just hope I am to complete the trek.
My feet (3) ________ kill,really me and my toes( 4) ____________ bleed , but I
(5) __________ want, still to continue.
Dieng is a fascinating highland in Central java, but I have a great al to learn.
Everything (6) ________be so different, and I (7) _______try to adapt to the new
way of life here. I (8) ______learn a little bit of the language to make
communication easier, unfortunately, I (9) ________ learn, not local languages
quickly. Although I (10) _______ (understand,not) much yet, I believe that I (11)
_______ improve,gradually much yet.
I (12) _______ travel,currently with I Nyomant, a student from Udayana
University in Denpasar. He (13) ______ be a nice guy, but impatient. He (14)
_______ walk,always ahead of me. And (15) _________ complain that I am too
slow. I (16) _____ do my best to keep up with him , but he is younger and stronger
than i am. Maybe, I am just feeling sorry for myself because I am getting old.

119
 Right now, I Nyoman (17) ______ sit with the owner of the inn. They
(18)_________ discuss the differences between life in Denpasar City and life in
Dieng. I (19) _______ know, not the real name of the owner, but everybody (20)
_____________ (call,just) him Mr. Santosa. Mr. Santosa (21) ______ speak
Javanese very well and he (22) _____ try to teach Robert some words in Javanese.
Every time I Mr. Santosa (23) _______ say a new word, I Nyoman (24) _______
try to repeat it. Undfortunately, I Nyoman (25) ________ seem, also to have
difficult learning local languages. I just hope we don’t get lost and have to ask for
directions.

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Exercise5 Present Simple or Present Continuous Tenses:
https://forms.gle/1xdHPedamENiX4fb8

B.3. Practice 06 (Upper Intermediate)

Present Simple or Present Continuous Tenses

I. Complete each of the sentences with the verb in the brackets. Use the
simple present tense or the present continuous tense. Do like the
example.
Example : Cuckoos _____ (not build) nets. They ____ (use) nests of other
birds.
Answer: don’t build, use

1. Please wait for a while; Peter __________(have) a bath now.

2. My father usually __________ (drink) coffee, but at moment he
_________(drink) tea.
3. I won’t leave the bus stop now because it ________(rain) and I
_______(not have ) an umbrella with me.
4. Mother ___________ (make) a dress for herself now. She
__________(make) all her clothes.
5. You cannot have the magazine now, your brother __________(read) it.
6. We ______ (go) for a walk. _____________ (you/ come) with us?
7. Who __________(make) such a terrible noise? It is Mr. James : he _____
( blow) his nose.
8. ____________(you/ understand) what the lecturer_______(say)? No, I
_________(not understand) him at all.
9. What _______________(you/ wait) for? I ___________(wait) for the
shop to open. But It __________ (not open) till 9.30 a.m. I ___________
(know) but I _________ (want) to be early for the sale today.

120
 10. Why ___________ (you/ watch) television? I _________ (watch) because
I ________ (want) to take a break from my work.
11. My husband _______ (always/taste) the food while I’m cooking. It’s very
annoying.
12. This coffee _____(not/taste) right.
13. I ________ (think) too much about my ex-girlfriend

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences
are correct. Do like the examples.

Example : a. We’re working on the Smith account this week. We usually take
three weeks to comple a project.
Answer: True.
b. She is thinking he’s an interesting man.
Answer: False. (is thinking) is replaced with (thinks).

1. Water is boiling at 100 degree Celsius.

2. The kettle boils. Shall I make tea?
3. Plants are needing water and sunlight for proper growth
4. Vionna works at the moment. Can I take a message?
5. I am often playing tennis on Saturdays.
6. We rarely go out for dinner, but this week we go out on Saturday.
7. She believes every word he says.
8. We are attending a meeting in Bangkok this weekend.
9. I'm hoping that this quiz is easy.
10. Adriyani has breakfast at the moment.
11. She is always complaining about how much she hates her job.
12. The children is being dressed at the moment by the nanny.

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Exercise6 Present Simple or Present Continuous Tenses:
https://forms.gle/hpnaYHoUw2XSQb9m9

C. Evaluation
Grammar Test 1 Sem 1: Present Simple and Present Continuous Tense.
I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form, present continuous or
present simple tense. Do like the example. (13 questions = 52 points)
Present Simple or Present Continuous Tenses

121
 II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct.
Do like the examples.(12 questions = 48 points)
/ Present Simple or Present Continuous Tenses

D. Reflection
Take a few moment, then answer the following questions:
1. How can you apply this lesson to your own life in a meaningful way?
2. What is the most impressed when you learn this material? Why?

III. The Past Simple Tense

A. Material
1. There are several uses (functions) of the Past Simple:

1.1. Past Simple for completed actions in the past

Use the Past Simple (regular or irregular verbs) to express the idea that an action
started and finished at a specific time in the past. It is not necessary to mention
the specific time but it is implied in the verb form.

122
 I saw a great film yesterday.
I didn't see Peter at the party last night.
I travelled to Milan last month.
Didn't you travel to Thailand a month ago?
He painted his bedroom red.

1.2. Several completed actions

We use the Past Simple to speak about a series of actions in the past that happened
chronologically.

I finished work at five, went to my favorite café and spent an hour just watching
the world go by.
First boil water then add the ingredients.

1.3. Past – Duration

The Past Simple can be used to speak about a duration which starts and stops in
the past.
I lived in Spain for two years.
I studied Italian when I was at school.
They did not stay in Paris for very long.
I spoke to him on the phone for half an hour.

1.4. Habits in the past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It
can have the same meaning as "used to". To make it clear that we are talking
about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never,
when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

I did Judo when I was a child.

He didn’t play the guitar, he played the piano.
He worked at a restaurant when he was at university.

2. Forms of The Past simple questions and negatives

We use did to make questions with the past simple:
Yes/No: Did + S + V1 ?
W/H: When/How +did + S + V1?

Examples:
Did she play tennis when she was younger?
Did you live abroad?

123
 When did you meet your wife?
Where did you go for your holidays?

But questions with who often don't use did:

Who + V2 + O?

Examples:
Who discovered penicillin?
Who wrote Don Quixote?
We use didn't (did not) to make negatives with the past simple:
S + did + not + V1 + O.

Examples:
They didn't go to Spain this year.
We didn't get home until very late last night.
I didn't see you yesterday.

3. Irregular Verbs

Englishpage.com's Irregular Verb Dictionary for English learners contains over 370
irregular verbs used in modern English as well as flashcards and exercises to practice
those forms. To view our Extended Irregular Verb Dictionary, which contains over
370 verbs including rare and antiquated forms

List of Irregular Verbs

No Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Meaning
A
1 arise arose Arisen
awakened /
2 awake awakened / awoke
awoken
B
backslidden /
3 backslide backslid
backslid
4 be was, were Been
5 bear bore born / borne
6 beat beat beaten / beat

124
7 become became Become
8 begin began Begun
9 bend bent Bent
10 bet bet / betted [?] bet / betted [?]
11 bid (farewell) bid / bade Bidden
12 bid (offer amount) bid Bid
13 bind bound Bound
14 bite bit Bitten
15 bleed bled Bled
16 blow blew Blown
17 break broke Broken
18 breed bred Bred
19 bring brought Brought
broadcast / broadcast /
20 broadcast
broadcasted broadcasted
browbeaten /
21 browbeat browbeat
browbeat
22 build built Built
23 burn burned / burnt [?] burned / burnt [?]
24 burst burst Burst
25 bust busted / bust busted / bust
26 buy bought Bought
C
27 cast cast Cast
28 catch caught Caught
29 choose chose Chosen
30 cling clung Clung
31 clothe clothed / clad [?] clothed / clad [?]
32 come came Come

125
33 cost cost Cost
34 creep crept Crept
35 crossbreed crossbred Crossbred
36 cut cut Cut
37 D
daydreamed / daydreamed /
38 daydream
daydreamt [?] daydreamt [?]
39 deal dealt Dealt
40 dig dug Dug
disproved /
41 disprove disproved
disproven
dive (jump head-
42 dove / dived Dived
first)
43 dive (scuba diving) dived / dove Dived
44 do did Done
45 draw drew Drawn
dreamed / dreamed /
46 dream
dreamt [?] dreamt [?]
47 drink drank Drunk
48 drive drove Driven
49 dwell dwelt / dwelled [?] dwelt / dwelled [?]
E
eat ate Eaten
F
50 fall fell Fallen
51 feed fed Fed
52 feel felt Felt
53 fight fought Fought
54 find found Found

126
 fit (tailor, change
55 fitted / fit [?] fitted / fit [?]
size)
56 fit (be right size) fit / fitted [?] fit / fitted [?]
57 flee fled Fled
58 fling flung Flung
59 fly flew Flown
60 forbid forbade Forbidden
61 forecast forecast Forecast
62 forego (also forgo) forewent Foregone
63 foresee foresaw Foreseen
64 foretell foretold Foretold
forgotten
65 forget forgot
/ forgot [?]
66 forgive forgave Forgiven
67 forsake forsook Forsaken
68 freeze froze Frozen
69 frostbite frostbit Frostbitten
G
70 get got gotten / got [?]
71 give gave Given
72 go went Gone
73 grind ground Ground
74 grow grew Grown
H
75 hand-feed hand-fed hand-fed
76 handwrite handwrote Handwritten
77 hang hung Hung
78 have had Had
79 hear heard Heard

127
80 hew hewed hewn / hewed
81 hide hid Hidden
82 hit hit Hit
83 hold held Held
84 hurt hurt Hurt
I
85 inbreed inbred Inbred
86 inlay inlaid Inlaid
87 input input / inputted input / inputted
88 interbreed interbred Interbred
interwove / interwoven /
89 interweave
interweaved interweaved
90 interwind interwound Interwound
J
91 jerry-build jerry-built jerry-built
K
92 keep kept Kept
93 kneel knelt / kneeled knelt / kneeled
94 knit knitted / knit knitted / knit
95 know knew Known
L
96 lay laid Laid
97 lead led Led
98 lean leaned / leant [?] leaned / leant [?]
99 leap leaped / leapt [?] leaped / leapt [?]
100 learn learned / learnt [?] learned / learnt [?]
101 leave left Left
102 lend lent Lent

128
103 let let Let
104 lie lay Lain
lie (not tell truth)
lied Lied
REGULAR
105 light lit / lighted lit / lighted
106 lip-read lip-read lip-read
107 lose lost Lost
M
108 make made Made
109 mean meant Meant
110 meet met Met
111 miscast miscast Miscast
112 misdeal misdealt Misdealt
113 misdo misdid Misdone
114 mishear misheard Misheard
115 mislay mislaid Mislaid
116 mislead misled Misled
mislearned / mislearned /
117 mislearn
mislearnt [?] mislearnt [?]
118 misread misread Misread
119 misset misset Misset
120 misspeak misspoke Misspoken
misspelled / misspelled /
121 misspell
misspelt [?] misspelt [?]
122 misspend misspent Misspent
123 mistake mistook Mistaken
124 misteach mistaught Mistaught
125 misunderstand misunderstood Misunderstood
126 miswrite miswrote Miswritten

129
127 mow mowed mowed / mown
N
No irregular verbs beginning with "N."
O
128 offset offset Offset
129 outbid outbid Outbid
130 outbreed outbred Outbred
131 outdo outdid Outdone
132 outdraw outdrew Outdrawn
133 outdrink outdrank Outdrunk
134 outdrive outdrove Outdriven
135 outfight outfought Outfought
136 outfly outflew Outflown
137 outgrow outgrew Outgrown
outleaped / outleaped /
138 outleap
outleapt [?] outleapt [?]
outlie (not tell
outlied Outlied
truth) REGULAR
139 outride outrode Outridden
140 outrun outran Outrun
141 outsell outsold Outsold
outshined / outshined /
142 outshine
outshone [?] outshone [?]
143 outshoot outshot Outshot
144 outsing outsang Outsung
145 outsit outsat Outsat
146 outsleep outslept Outslept
outsmelled / outsmelled /
147 outsmell
outsmelt [?] outsmelt [?]

130
148 outspeak outspoke Outspoken
149 outspeed outsped Outsped
150 outspend outspent Outspent
151 outswear outswore Outsworn
152 outswim outswam Outswum
153 outthink outthought Outthought
154 outthrow outthrew Outthrown
155 outwrite outwrote Outwritten
156 overbid overbid Overbid
157 overbreed overbred Overbred
158 overbuild overbuilt Overbuilt
159 overbuy overbought Overbought
160 overcome overcame Overcome
161 overdo overdid Overdone
162 overdraw overdrew Overdrawn
163 overdrink overdrank Overdrunk
164 overeat overate Overeaten
165 overfeed overfed Overfed
166 overhang overhung Overhung
167 overhear overheard Overheard
168 overlay overlaid Overlaid
169 overpay overpaid Overpaid
170 override overrode Overridden
171 overrun overran Overrun
172 oversee oversaw Overseen
173 oversell oversold Oversold
oversewn /
174 oversew oversewed
oversewed

131
175 overshoot overshot Overshot
176 oversleep overslept Overslept
177 overspeak overspoke Overspoken
178 overspend overspent Overspent
overspilled / overspilled /
179 overspill
overspilt [?] overspilt [?]
180 overtake overtook Overtaken
181 overthink overthought Overthought
182 overthrow overthrew Overthrown
183 overwind overwound Overwound
184 overwrite overwrote Overwritten
P
185 partake partook Partaken
186 pay paid Paid
187 plead pleaded / pled pleaded / pled
188 prebuild prebuilt Prebuilt
189 predo predid Predone
190 premake premade Premade
191 prepay prepaid Prepaid
192 presell presold Presold
193 preset preset Preset
194 preshrink preshrank Preshrunk
195 proofread proofread Proofread
196 prove proved proven / proved
197 put put Put
Q
198 quick-freeze quick-froze quick-frozen
199 quit quit / quitted [?] quit / quitted [?]

132
 R
read (sounds like read (sounds like
200 read
"red") "red")
201 reawake reawoke Reawaken
202 rebid rebid Rebid
203 rebind rebound Rebound
rebroadcast / rebroadcast /
204 rebroadcast
rebroadcasted rebroadcasted
205 rebuild rebuilt Rebuilt
206 recast recast Recast
207 recut recut Recut
208 redeal redealt Redealt
209 redo redid Redone
210 redraw redrew Redrawn
211 refit (replace parts) refit / refitted [?] refit / refitted [?]
212 refit (retailor) refitted / refit [?] refitted / refit [?]
213 regrind reground Reground
214 regrow regrew Regrown
215 rehang rehung Rehung
216 rehear reheard Reheard
217 reknit reknitted / reknit reknitted / reknit
relay (for example
218 relaid Relaid
tiles)
relay (pass along)
relayed Relayed
REGULAR
relearned / relearned /
219 relearn
relearnt [?] relearnt [?]
220 relight relit / relighted relit / relighted
221 remake remade Remade
222 repay repaid Repaid

133
223 reread reread Reread
224 rerun reran Rerun
225 resell resold Resold
226 resend resent Resent
227 reset reset Reset
228 resew resewed resewn / resewed
229 retake retook Retaken
230 reteach retaught Retaught
231 retear retore Retorn
232 retell retold Retold
233 rethink rethought Rethought
234 retread retread Retread
retrofitted / retrofitted /
235 retrofit
retrofit [?] retrofit [?]
236 rewake rewoke / rewaked rewaken / rewaked
237 rewear rewore Reworn
rewoven /
238 reweave rewove / reweaved
reweaved
239 rewed rewed / rewedded rewed / rewedded
rewet rewet
240 rewet
/ rewetted [?] / rewetted [?]
241 rewin rewon Rewon
242 rewind rewound Rewound
243 rewrite rewrote Rewritten
244 rid rid Rid
245 ride rode Ridden
246 ring rang Rung
247 rise rose Risen
248 roughcast roughcast Roughcast

134
249 run ran Run
S
250 sand-cast sand-cast sand-cast
251 saw sawed sawed / sawn
252 say said Said
253 see saw Seen
254 seek sought Sought
255 sell sold Sold
256 send sent Sent
257 set set Set
258 sew sewed sewn / sewed
259 shake shook Shaken
260 shave shaved shaved / shaven
261 shear sheared sheared / shorn
262 shed shed Shed
263 shine shined / shone [?] shined / shone [?]
264 shit shit / shat / shitted shit/ shat / shitted
265 shoot shot Shot
266 show showed shown / showed
267 shrink shrank / shrunk Shrunk
268 shut shut Shut
269 sight-read sight-read sight-read
270 sing sang Sung
271 sink sank / sunk Sunk
272 sit sat Sat
273 slay (kill) slew / slayed slain / slayed
slay (amuse)
slayed Slayed
REGULAR

135
274 sleep slept Slept
275 slide slid slid
276 sling slung slung
277 slink slinked / slunk slinked / slunk
278 slit slit slit
279 smell smelled / smelt [?] smelled / smelt [?]
280 sneak sneaked / snuck sneaked / snuck
281 sow sowed sown / sowed
282 speak spoke spoken
283 speed sped / speeded sped / speeded
284 spell spelled / spelt [?] spelled / spelt [?]
285 spend spent spent
286 spill spilled / spilt [?] spilled / spilt [?]
287 spin spun spun
288 spit spit / spat spit / spat
289 split split split
290 spoil spoiled / spoilt [?] spoiled / spoilt [?]
291 spoon-feed spoon-fed spoon-fed
292 spread spread spread
293 spring sprang / sprung sprung
294 stand stood stood
295 steal stole stolen
296 stick stuck stuck
297 sting stung stung
298 stink stunk / stank stunk
299 strew strewed strewn / strewed
300 stride strode stridden
301 strike (delete) struck stricken

136
302 strike (hit) struck struck / stricken
303 string strung strung
304 strive strove / strived striven / strived
305 sublet sublet sublet
Sunburned / Sunburned /
306 sunburn
sunburnt [?] sunburnt [?]
307 swear swore sworn
308 sweat sweat / sweated sweat / sweated
309 sweep swept swept
310 swell swelled swollen / swelled
311 swim swam swum
312 swing swung swung
T
313 take took taken
314 teach taught taught
315 tear tore torn
316 telecast telecast telecast
317 tell told told
318 test-drive test-drove test-driven
319 test-fly test-flew test-flown
320 think thought thought
321 throw threw thrown
322 thrust thrust thrust
323 tread trod trodden / trod

typecast typecast typecast

324
325 typeset typeset typeset
326
typewrite typewrote typewritten

137
 U
327 unbend unbent unbent
328 unbind unbound unbound
unclothed / unclothed /
329 unclothe
unclad [?] unclad [?]
330 underbid underbid underbid
331 undercut undercut undercut
332 underfeed underfed underfed
333 undergo underwent undergone
334 underlie underlay underlain
335 undersell undersold undersold
336 underspend underspent underspent
337 understand understood understood
338 undertake undertook undertaken
340 underwrite underwrote underwritten
341 undo undid undone
342 unfreeze unfroze unfrozen
343 unhang unhung unhung
344 unhide unhid unhidden
345 unknit unknitted / unknit unknitted / unknit
unlearned / unlearned /
346 unlearn
unlearnt [?] unlearnt [?]
347 unsew unsewed unsewn / unsewed
348 unsling unslung unslung
349 unspin unspun unspun
350 unstick unstuck unstuck
351 unstring unstrung unstrung
unwove / unwoven /
352 unweave
unweaved unweaved

138
353 unwind unwound unwound
354 uphold upheld upheld
355 upset upset upset
V
No commonly used irregular verbs beginning with "V."
To view our extended dictionary including rare and antiquated forms, Click
Here.
W
356 wake woke / waked woken / waked
357 waylay waylaid waylaid
358 wear wore worn
359 weave wove / weaved woven / weaved
360 wed wed / wedded wed / wedded
361 weep wept wept
362 wet wet / wetted [?] wet / wetted [?]
whet REGULAR whetted whetted
363 win won won
364 wind wound wound
365 withdraw withdrew withdrawn
366 withhold withheld withheld
367 withstand withstood withstood
368 wring wrung wrung
369 write wrote written
X
No irregular verbs beginning with "X."
Y
No irregular verbs beginning with "Y."
Z
No irregular verbs beginning with "Z."

139
Irregular Verb Flashcards and Drills
If you want to learn irregular verbs, you need to practice, practice, practice. Below we
have created five sets of flashcards as well as simple irregular verb drills to help English
learners learn the 100 most common irregular verbs in English.
Irregular Verb Flashcards 1 Irregular Verb Drill 1 | Printable

Irregular Verb Flashcards 2 Irregular Verb Drill 2 | Printable

Irregular Verb Flashcards 3 Irregular Verb Drill 3 | Printable

Irregular Verb Flashcards 4 Irregular Verb Drill 4 | Printable

Irregular Verb Flashcards 5 Irregular Verb Drill 5 | Printable

Common Questions about English Irregular Verbs

What are irregular verbs?

Irregular verbs are verbs which do not follow normal rules for conjugation. For example,
the irregular verb be has several unique forms (I am, you are, he is) which are quite
different from regular verbs such as cook (I cook, you cook, he cooks).

How many irregular verbs are there in English?

Englishpage.com has conducted an extensive text analysis of over 2,000 novels and
resources and we have found 680 irregular verbs so far including prefixed verbs
(misunderstand, reread) as well as rare and antiquated forms (colorbreed, bethink).

What are some examples of irregular verbs?

Good examples of irregular verbs include have, understand and draw. Notice that their
past forms had, understood and drew are very different from regular verbs, which end
with -d or -ed. For more examples, see Englishpage.com's list of irregular verbs.

What are the most common irregular verbs in English?

According to Englishpage.com's text analysis of over 2,000 novels and resources, the
most common irregular verbs in English
are: be, have, say, do, know, get, see, think, go and take.

Are there big differences in the irregular verb forms used in British English and
American English?
While many references show strong differences between British and American English
in irregular verb use, Englishpage.com's research shows that there is far more crossover

140
 than many of these references might suggest. (Where we did find a real statistical
difference, we have listed the British forms in italics.)

Which verb tenses have irregular forms in English?

In English, irregular verb forms occur in simple present and simple past as well as past
participles. Remember that past participles are used in many verb forms
including: present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, passive forms and past
conditional forms.

B. Evaluation
This test consists of 4 tests, but it is only counted as 1 test. So the average of four tests
is only considered as 1 mark for Irregular Verbs Mark in Mark Management.

1. Test 1 Irregular Verbs (1-100 words)

Complete the following verbs by writing the infinitive, simple past, or past participle
depending on the verbs given. (30 questions = 60 points = 100).
Do like examples:
1. do
Your answer : did, done
2. went
Your answer : go, gone
3. arisen
Your answer : arise, arose
1-30: each number consists of 2 answers.

2. Test 2 Irregular Verbs (101-200 words)

Complete the following verbs by writing the infinitive, simple past, or past participle
depending on the verbs given. (30 questions = 60 points = 100)
Do like examples:
1. do
Your answer: did, done
2. Went
Your answer: go, gone
3. awoken
Your answer: awake, awake/ awoke
1-30: each number consists of 2 answers.

3. Test 3 Irregular Verbs (201-300 words)

141
 Complete the following verbs by writing the infinitive, simple past, or past participle
depending on the verbs given. (30 questions = 60 points = 100)
Do like examples:
1. Do
Your answer : did, done
2. went
Your answer : go, gone
3. arisen
Your answer : arise, arose
4. Interweave
Your answer : interwove/interweaved, interwoven/interweaved
1-30 : each number consists of 2 answers.

4. Test 4 Irregular Verbs (1-369 words)

Complete the following verbs by writing the infinitive, simple past, or past participle
depending on the verbs given. (30 questions = 60 points = 100)
Examples:
1. Cut
Your answer: cut, cut
2. hang
Your answer: hung, hung
3. Outgrew
Your answer: outgrow, outgrown
4. misspoken
Your answer: misspeak, misspoke
5. Broadcast
Your answer: broadcast/broadcasted, broadcast/broadcasted
6. interweave
Your answer: interwove/interweaved, interwoven/interweaved
1-30: each number consists of 2 answers.

C. Exercise
Practice 07 (Intermediate)

Past Simple
I. Complete the gaps with the words in Past Simple tense corresponding to the
words in the sentences in Present Simple.
Do like the example :

142
 He seldom plays the guitar, but he ______ the piano last night.
Your answer : played

1. Lusiana ____ a lot of letters when she was younger. She hardly ever writes letters
now.
2. His parents sell almost everything, but they once _____ good handmade cakes.
3. Lytha is very good at English. She ____ first in English at school.
4. My brother has the same mobile now that he ____ 2 years ago.
5. My sister doesn't keep pets now, but she ____ a cat when she was a child.
6. We seldom eat at a coffee bar, but we ____there last night.
7. I hardly ____ Lili's husband. Did you know him at all?
8. We always meet on Sunday. We _____ last Monday as usual.
9. The safety guard often finds things on the beach. He ____ a purse yesterday.
10. He's always leaving the window open. Who ____ it open this time?

II. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the past simple
tense. Do like the example.
Example: Sisca ____(not/live) in Denpasar when she ____(be) at school.
Your answer: did not live, was
Your answer: didn't live, was

1. What ______ (you/do) when the car ____ (catch) fire?

2. ______(you/do) in your holidays in Bangkok?
3. Whenever ___(I/go) to Richard's all I ever ___ (see) him do was watching TV.
4. ______ (who/write) The Novel "Quo Vadis" ?
5. _____ (when/you/meet) your husband for the first time?
6. Julia _______(not/go) to Paris this morning?
7. We ____ (not/be) absent two days ago.
8. They _______ (sow) many different flowers last year, and just look at them now!
9. Brandon _______(always/lay) the table very fast when he was young.
10. _________(how many/medals/Carl Lewis/win) at the last Olympic Games?

III. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are
correct. Do like the examples.
Example : Once upon a time, there was a beautiful princess.
Your answer : True.
I walk to school every day when I was young.
Your answer : False. (walk) should be (walked).

1. James was ill yesterday. What illness did he?

143
 2. SMA Kanisius begun in 1927.
3. I often drunk it when I was in Paris.
4. Japan finally loosed the Second World War.
5. The sun shone from a clear blue sky this morning.
6. Christine went up to the house and ringed the doorbell.
7. The man's wound blud far too much. We had to call an ambulance
8. The child throwed the ball as far as he possibly could.
9. The accused wept like a baby in court.
10. Mr. Blake teached English at Jakarta International School.

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Exercise7 Past Simple Tense: https://forms.gle/qwQxYCPbzmSDpWGE8

IV. The Past Continuous Tense

A. Material
The Past Continuous tense is an important tense in English. We use it to say what we
were in the middle of doing at a particular moment in the past.
Note that continuous tenses are also called progressive tenses. So the Past Continuous
tense is sometimes called the Past Progressive tense.

How do we make the Past Continuous tense?

The structure of the past continuous tense is:

subject + auxiliary be + main verb

conjugated in Past Simple

was, were present participle

The auxiliary verb (be) is conjugated in the Past Simple: was, were
The main verb is invariable in present participle form: -ing
For negative sentences we insert not between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary verb.

Look at these example sentences with the Past Continuous tense:

subject auxiliary verb main verb

+ I was watching TV.

144
 + You were working hard.

- He, she, it was not helping Mary.

- We were not joking.

? Were you being silly?

? Were they playing football?

The spelling rules for adding -ing to make the Past Continuous tense are the same as for
the Present Continuous tense.

B. Past Continuous Uses

Use 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

Use the past continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The
interruption is usually a shorter action in the simple past. Remember this can be a real
interruption or just an interruption in time.

Examples:
• I was watching TV when Frisca called.
• When the phone rang, Richard was writing a letter.
• While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
• What were you doing when the earthquake started?
• I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
• You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
• While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
• Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
• While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.
• A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?
B: I was snowboarding.

Use 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

145
In USE 1, described above, the past continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the
simple past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.

Examples:
• Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
• At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
• Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.

IMPORTANT

In the simple past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In
the past continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.

Examples:
• Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.
I started eating at 6 PM.
• Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
I started earlier; and at 6 PM, I was in the process of eating dinner.

Use 3 Parallel Actions

When you use the past continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the
idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.

Examples:
• I was studying while he was making dinner.
• While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
• Were you listening while he was talking?
• I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several
mistakes.
• What were you doing while you were waiting?
• Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
• They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

Use 4 Atmosphere

146
 In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a
particular time in the past.

Example:
• When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were
talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were
waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his
hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.

Use 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The past continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that
something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar
to the expression used to but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words
"always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."

Examples:
• She was always coming to class late.
• He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
• I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

C. Past Continuous Tips

1. While vs. When (Past Continuous VS Past Simple)
We often use the Past Continuous tense with the Past Simple tense. We use the Past
Continuous to express a long action. And we use the Past Simple to express
a short action that happens in the middle of the long action. We can join the two ideas
with when or while.

In the following example, we have two actions:

1. long action (watching TV), expressed with Past Continuous
2. short action (telephoned), expressed with Past Simple

past present Future

long action:
I was watching TV from 7pm to
9pm.

147
 8pm

short action:
You phoned at 8pm.

We can join these two actions with when:

• I was watching TV when you telephoned.
Notice that "when you telephoned" is also a way of defining the time (8pm).

We use:
• when + short action (Past Simple)
• while + long action (Past Continuous)

There are four basic combinations:

I was walking past the car when it exploded.

When the car exploded I was walking past it.

The car exploded while I was walking past it.

While I was walking past the car it exploded.

Notice that the long action and short action are relative.
• "Watching TV" took two hours. "Telephoned" took a few seconds.
• "Walking past the car" took a few seconds. "Exploded" took milliseconds.

2. Remember Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-continuous verbs cannot be used in any continuous
tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for mixed verbs cannot be used in
continuous tenses. Instead of using past continuous with these verbs, you must
use simple past.

Examples:
• Christine was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct
• Sherly was at my house when you arrived. Correct

3. Adverb Placement

148
 The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:
• You were just studying when she called.
• Were you just studying when she called?

4. Active/ Passive
Examples:
• The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. Active
• The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the
store. Passive

Source : https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/pastcontinuous.html
https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_past-continuous.htm

D. Exercise
Practice 08

Past Simple – Past Continuous Tense (Intermediate)

I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the past simple or past
continuous tense. Do like the example.
Example 1: Sisca ____(not/live) in Denpasar when she ____(be) at school.
Your answer: did not live, was
Your answer: didn't live, was
Example 2: While Lusiana ______ (cook) the dinner, the phone _____ (ring).
Your answer: was cooking, rang

1. Peter ____(fall) of the ladder while he ____(paint) the ceiling.

2. Last night I _____(read) in bed when suddenly I ___ (hear) a scream.
3. _______(you/watch) television when I phoned you?
4. Lidya ______ (wait) for me when I _____(arrive).
5. My friend _______(not/drive) very fast when the accident _____ (happen).
6. Our maid ____ (break) a plate last night.. She ____(do) the washing-up when it
___(slip) out of her hand.
7. Teddy _____(take) a photograph of his girlfriend while she ______(not/look) at
his camera.
8. Lily and I ____ (not/go) out because it ____(rain).
9. What _____ (you/do) at this time yesterday afternoon?

149
 10. I ______ (see) Vania at the party. She ____(wear) a really beautiful dress.

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct.
Do like the examples.

1. While I chatted to Sisca, the phone rang.

2. We were always spending so much time in traffic. That’s the main reason why we
decided to move to the country and work from home.
3. I was phoning you four times last night. Where were you?
4. My boss was constantly phoning me in my last job. I hated it.
5. He is passing the ball to James and then ran down the pitch.
6. We didn't went surfing in Nias last summer.
7. I waited for you in the car park when it started to rain
8. He wrote a letter when someone knocked at the door.
9. I didn’t driving the car at two yesterday.
10. We were playing tennis every Saturday morning.

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Exercise 8 Past Simple Past Continuous Tense:
https://forms.gle/XBvA9sQDmdYCF3Yr6

V. The Present Perfect Tense

A. Material
The present perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action has taken place
once or many times before now. The present perfect is most frequently used to talk about

150
 experiences or changes that have taken place, but there are other less common uses as
well. Read on for detailed descriptions, examples, and present perfect exercises.

1. Present Perfect Forms

The present perfect is formed using has/have + past participle. Questions are indicated
by inverting the subject and has/have. Negatives are made with not.
• Statement: We have sung our school anthem many times.
• Question: Have you sung your school anthem many times?
• Negative: We have not sung our school anthem many times.

The Present Perfect tense is a rather important tense in English, but it gives speakers of
some languages a difficult time. That is because it uses concepts or ideas that do not exist
in those languages. In fact, the structure of the Present Perfect is very simple. The
problems come with the use of the tense. In addition, there are some differences in usage
between British and American English.

In this lesson we look at the structure and use of the Present Perfect tense, as well as the
use of for and since, followed by a quiz to check your understanding.
The Present Perfect tense is really a very interesting tense, and a very useful one. Try not
to translate the Present Perfect into your language. Just try to accept the concepts of this
tense and learn to "think" Present Perfect! You will soon learn to like the Present Perfect
tense!

1.1. How do we make the Present Perfect tense?

The structure of the Present Perfect is:

subject + auxiliary have + main verb

conjugated in Present Simple

151
 have, has past participle

The auxiliary verb (have) is conjugated in the Present Simple: have, has
The main verb is invariable in past participle form: -ed (or irregular)
For negative sentences we insert not between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary verb.

Look at these example sentences with the Present Perfect tense:

subject auxiliary main verb

verb

+ I have seen an alien.

+ You have eaten mine.

- She has not been to Rome.

- We have not played football.

? Have you finished?

? Have they done it?

1.2. Contraction with Present Perfect

When we use the Present Perfect in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary
verb. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.

I have I've

You have You've

He has He's
She has She's
It has It's
John has John's
The car has The car's

We have We've

152
 They have They've

• You've told me that before.

• John's seen Harry Potter.
In negative sentences, we may contract the auxiliary verb and "not":
• You haven't won the contest.
• She hasn't heard from him.

He's or he's??? Be careful! The 's contraction is used for the auxiliary
verbs have and be. For example, "It's eaten" can mean:
• It has eaten. (Present Perfect tense, active voice)
• It is eaten. (Present Simple tense, passive voice)
It is usually clear from the context.

2. Present Perfect Uses

a. Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the present perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time
before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the present perfect
with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I
was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN
use the present perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many
times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples:
• I have seen that movie twenty times.
• I think I have met him once before.
• There have been many earthquakes in California.
• People have traveled to the Moon.
• People have not traveled to Mars.
• Have you read the book yet?
• Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
• A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?

153
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to
associate present perfect with the following topics:

Topic 1: Experience
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about experience from the past. We are not
interested in when you did something. We only want to know if you did it:

I have seen an alien.

He has lived in Bangkok.
Have you been there?
We have never eaten caviar.

Past present Future

!!!

The action or state was in In my head, I have a memory

the past. now.
Connection with past: the event was in the past
Connection with present: in my head, now, I have a memory of the event;
I know something about the event; I have experience of it

Topic 2: Change
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about a change, or new information:

I have bought a car.

Past present Future

- +

Last week I didn't have a Now I have a car.

car.

John has broken his leg.

Past present future

+ -

154
 Yesterday John had a Now he has a bad leg.
good leg.

Has the price gone up?

Past present Future

+ -

Was the price $1.50 Is the price $1.70 today?

yesterday?

The police have arrested the killer.

Past present future

- +

Yesterday the killer was Now he is in prison.

free.
Connection with past: the past is the opposite of the present
Connection with present: the present is the opposite of the past
Americans do use the Present Perfect but less than British speakers. Americans often use
the Past Simple tense instead. An American might say "Did you have lunch?", where a
British person would say "Have you had lunch?"

Topic 3: Continuing situation

We often use the Present Perfect to talk about a continuing situation. This is a state that
started in the past and continues in the present (and will probably continue into the
future). This is a situation (not an action). We usually use for or since with this structure.

I have worked here since June.

He has been ill for 2 days.
How long have you known Tara (for)?

Past present future

155
 The situation started in the It continues up to now. (It will probably continue
past. into the future.)
Connection with past: the situation started in the past.
Connection with present: the situation continues in the present.

Topic 4 : Accomplishments
We often use the present perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity.
You cannot mention a specific time.
Examples:
• Man has walked on the Moon.
• Our son has learned how to read.
• Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
• Scientists have split the atom.

Topic 5 : An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

We often use the present perfect to say that an action which we expected has not
happened. Using the present perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to
happen.
Examples:
• James has not finished his homework yet.
• Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
• Bill has still not arrived.
• The rain hasn't stopped.

Topic 6 : Multiple Actions at Different Times

We also use the present perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred
in the past at different times. Present perfect suggests the process is not complete and
more actions are possible.
Examples:
• The army has attacked that city five times.
• I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
• We have had many major problems while working on this project.
• She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she
is sick.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect

When we use the present perfect it means that something has happened at some point in
our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.

156
Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this
with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far,
up to now, etc.

Examples:
• Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
• I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
• They have had three tests in the last week.
• She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three
different companies so far.
• My car has broken down three times this week.

NOTICE
"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the
year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires simple past. "In the
last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it
requires present perfect.
Examples:
• I went to Mexico last year.
I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one.
• I have been to Mexico in the last year.
I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now.

b. USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With non-continuous verbs and non-continuous uses of mixed verbs, we use the
present perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until
now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations
which can be used with the present perfect.

Examples:
• I have had a cold for two weeks.
• She has been in England for six months.
• Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

157
 Although the above use of present perfect is normally limited to non-continuous
verbs and non-continuous uses of mixed verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach,"
and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT non-
continuous verbs.

3. ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
• You have only seen that movie one time.
• Have you only seen that movie one time?

4. ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
• Many tourists have visited that castle. Active
• That castle has been visited by many tourists. Passive

5. For and Since with Present Perfect tense

We often use for and since with perfect tenses:
• We use for to talk about a period of time: five minutes, two weeks, six years
• We use since to talk about a point in past time: 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday
for since
a period of time a point in past time
------------ -•----------
20 minutes 6.15pm
three days Monday
6 months January
4 years 1994
2 centuries 1800
a long time I left school
ever the beginning of time
etc etc

Look at these example sentences using for and since with the Present Perfect tense:
• I have been here for twenty minutes.
• I have been here since 9 o'clock.

158
 • John hasn't called for six months.
• John hasn't called since February.
• He has worked in New York for a long time.
• He has worked in New York since he left school.
For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.

6. What's the difference? Present Perfect and Past Simple

Present Perfect Simple Past Simple

Unfinished actions that started in the past Finished actions:

and continue to the present: • I knew Julie for ten years (but then
• I've known Julie for ten years she moved away and we lost
(and I still know her). touch).

A finished action in someone's life (when A finished action in someone's life (when
the person is still alive: life experience): the person is dead):
• My brother has been to Mexico • My great-grandmother went to
three times. Mexico three times.

A finished action with no result in the

A finished action with a result in the
present:
present:
• I lost my keys yesterday. It was
• I've lost my keys! (The result is
terrible! (Now there is no result. I
that I can't get into my house now).
got new keys yesterday).

With an unfinished time word (this week, With a finished time word (last week, last
this month, today): month, yesterday):
• I've seen John this week. • I saw John last week.

Remember:
1. We use the past simple for past events or actions which have no connection to the
present.
2. We use the present perfect for actions which started in the past and are still
happening now OR for finished actions which have a connection to the present.
3. We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word:
NOT: I've been to the museum yesterday.

B. Exercise
Practice 09 (Intermediate)

159
Past Simple – Present Perfect Tense
I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Past Simple or
Present Perfect Tense. Do like the example.

Example 1: Sisca ____(not/live) in Denpasar when she ____(be) at school.

Your answer: did not live, was
your answer: didn't live, was
Example 2: While Lusiana ______ (cook) the dinner, the phone _____ (ring).
Your answer: was cooking, rang
Example 3: How often ____________(Sherly/play) that game up to now?
Your answer: has Sherly played
Example 4: I cannot go out tonight. My grandparents ________(come) to see us.
Your answer: have come

1. Ursula ________(already/tidy) up her room.

2. Prilly ___(not/read) the newspaper yet.
3. ______(you/see) Christine Lee a minute ago?
4. ___________(you/hurt) your knee when _______(you/play) football?
5. A: I _______(not/see) you for a long time. Where ______(you/be)? B: I
_________(just/come) back from Canada.
6. A: Oh really? What _______(you/do) in Canada? B: I _____(take) a nature tour.
7. A: Wow! ________(you/see) many wild animals there? B: Of course. I
______(watch) bears, wolves and whales in the wild. That _______(be) so
interesting.
8. B: __________(you/ever/spend) a holiday in Canada? A: Yes, I _______(travel)
around Canada twice so far.
9. B: When _______(you/go) there? A: The first time I ____(go) there _____(be)
in 1997 and the second time in 2004.
10. B: _______(you/enjoy) it? A: I ______ (absolutely/love) it, especially the west
coast.

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are
correct. Do like the examples.

160
 1. I have seen Vivie yesterday.
2. Some years ago he has studied Japanese there.
3. This is a pity. They are my friends, too, and I did not see them for ages.
4. Milla has moved to Bandung in 2010.
5. We analyzed the contracts during the first due diligence process.
6. Catherine is working at the company for six years.
7. This is the second time that my father asked you to send us the documents.
8. I saw that movie the day it has been released.
9. We have recently received a new instruction from this client.
10. I just cleaned my house so I can show them around. Now everything is perfect.

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Exercise9 Past Simple & Present Perfect Tense:
https://forms.gle/DWeLPy9SAtoeRQEm7

Practice 10 (Upper Intermediate)

Past Simple Tense - Past Continuous Tense - Present Perfect Tense

I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Past Simple or
Past Continuous Tense or Present Perfect Tense. Do like the examples.

Example 1: Sisca ____(not/live) in Denpasar when she ____(be) at school.

Your answer: did not live, was

Example 2: While Lusiana ______ (cook) the dinner, the phone _____ (ring).
Your answer: was cooking, rang

Example 3: How often ____________(Sherly/play) that game up to now?

161
Your answer: has Sherly played

Example 4: I cannot go out tonight. My grandparents ________(come) to see us.

Your answer: have come

1. How much money ____(you/save) for your holiday next month?

2. ________ (your brother /pay) you back the money you lent him for his holiday
yet?
3. He _______ (live) in Semarang for 10 years but he lives in Surabaya now.
4. Where ______ (you/be)? I have been waiting for half an hour!
5. The boys _____(swim) while the girls ______(sunbath).
6. I _______ (just / borrow) a great book from the library. I can't wait to read it.
7. She _______ (teach) English before she retired when she ____ (be) 65 years old.
8. We can't buy anything. We _________ (already spend).
9. Now I have much more fun learning English than I ____ (have)
10. We _____ (not / be) to the cinema for 3 weeks.
11. Last night, I ______ (be) very tired so I _______ (go) to bed very early.
12. Tina ________(be) sick since Sunday.
13. James ______ (already / sell) his old bike on the internet.
14. My flight to Paris ______ (cost) 50 Euros. It was a great holiday.
15. Shall we go home now? No, let's stay on the beach. My bathing suit _______
(dry) yet.
16. What time _____ (you/go) to bed last night?
17. She ________ (know) her husband since she ______(be) a child.
18. She _____ (not /see) him for over a year now.
19. Oh no! We ____ (miss) the bus. It _____(leave) early. Ten minutes ago.
20. Where are the house keys? What _________(I/do) with them?
21. How long _______(she/play) the piano? Since she ____(be) 9 years old.
22. Sarah ____(live) in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she ____ (live) there
when the Berlin wall ____ (come) down
23. Listen Kelly, I don't care if you _______(miss) the bus this morning. You
_______(be) late to work too many times. You are fired!
24. I ____(have) the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a
new one.
25. What ____ (you, do) when the accident ____ (occur)?
26. Since computers ______ (be) first introduced to the public in the early 1980's,
technology _____ (change) a great deal
27. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He ____ (write) ten very creative short stories in the
last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

162
 28. I ____(tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he ____(wander)
off into the forest and ____ (be) bitten by a snake.
29. Suddenly I ______ (hear) a loud noise, followed by a scream. I ____ (run)
outside to see what_______(happen).
30. The pupils _______ (walk) to the cinema at this time yesterday.

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are
correct. Do like the examples.

1. He’s still working. He didn’t finish yet.

2. Did you ever go to Pontianak?
3. Careful! There's glass on the floor. I just broke a glass.
4. We can start the meeting. Everyone has arrived.
5. Did you see Steffi yet today?
6. He’s been in Jakarta since 9 years.
7. When he was waking up, his mother had already prepared breakfast.
8. They haven’t known where to meet because nobody had told them.
9. Thankfully Sarah didn’t hear me speaking to Peter because she listened to music
with her headphones.
10. When I got home, I was really needing a shower.

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Exercise10 Past Simple Tense or Past Continuous Tense or Present Perfect
Tense:
https://forms.gle/JLthNV7dmPaGKwQy6

C. Evaluation
Grammar Test 2 Sem 1 Past Simple, Past Continuous and Present perfect Tense

163
 I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Past Simple or Past
Continuous Tense or Present Perfect Tense. Do like the examples.(20 question = 20
points).
Past Simple Tense Or Past Continuous Tense or Present Perfect Tense

Example 1 : Sisca ____(not/live) in Denpasar when she ____(be) at school.

Your answer : did not live, was
your answer : didn't live, was
Example 2 : While Lusiana ______ (cook) the dinner, the phone _____ (ring).
Your answer : was cooking, rang
Example 3 : How often ____________(Sherly/play) that game up to now?
Your answer : has Sherly played
Example 4 : I cannot go out tonight. My grandparents ________(come) to see us.
Your answer : have come
II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct.
Do like the examples. (10 questions = 10 points)
Past Simple Tense or Past Continuous Tense or Present Perfect Tense

D.Affective Evaluation
Affection Rubric

Affection EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR POOR

Rubric
(4) (3) (2) (1)

164
 The students submit The students submit The students fail to The students
and complete all of and complete all of submit one or more don’t submit
COMMIT the assignments on the assignments on than one of the the
time with excellent time with good assignments and/or assignments at
MENT
quality, indicated by quality, indicated by show fair quality of all.
(READIN the average of their the average of their assignments,
grades (average >/= grades (75 – < 95) indicated by the
G)
95). average of their
grades (less than
75)

The student The student pays The student does The student
always pays attention to the not pay attention does not do
attention to the questions given to the questions all exercises
questions given before starting work, given before and exams.
before starting work on questions starting work,
work, work on without haste, re- work on questions
ACCURAC questions without check the work without haste, re-
Y haste, re-check before submitting it check the work
the work before for all exercises and before submitting
submitting it for all exams. This is it for all exercises
(GRAMM
exercises and shown by the results and exams. This
AR) exams. This is of his work by is shown by the
shown by the obtaining a value results of his work
results of his work between 75 and 89. by obtaining a
by obtaining a value between
value between 90 less than 75.
and 100

SERIOUS Students are always Students are often Students are Students are
NESS able to concentrate able to concentrate sometimes able to seldom able to
seriously on every seriously on every concentrate concentrate
(LISTENIN practice and exam. practice and exam. seriously on every seriously on
G) practice and exam. every practice
and exam.

RESPONS Students always Students work on Students do not Students do

IBILITY work on individual individual and group work on individual not work on
and group assignments according and group individual and
(SPEAKIN assignments to the distribution well assignments group
G) according to the and ready to accept according to the assignments
distribution well and the risk of the deed distribution well, according to
ready to accept the what he did but are ready to the distribution
risk of the deed accept the risk of well ready to
what he did accept the risk

165
 the deed what he of the deed
did what he did

PUNCTU The students submit The students submit The students The students
ALITY the essay on or the essay 1 day late. submit the essay don’t submit
(WRITIN before the due date. more than 1 day the essay.
late.
G)

E. Reflection
Take a few moment, then answer the following questions:
1. How will this help you change the world for the better?
2. How can you apply this lesson to your own life in a meaningful way?
3. How did this lesson make you feel and why?
4. What is the most impressed when you learn this material? Why?

VI. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

A. Material

The Present Perfect Continuous uses two auxiliary verbs together with a main verb.
In this lesson we look at the structure and use of the Present Perfect Continuous tense,
as well as the use of for and since.

166
 Note that continuous tenses are also called progressive tenses. So the Present Perfect
Continuous tense is sometimes called the Present Perfect Progressive tense.

How do we make the Present Perfect Continuous tense?

The structure of the Present Perfect Continuous tense is:

subject + auxiliary have + auxiliary be + main verb

conjugated in past participle

Present Simple

have, has been present

participle

The first auxiliary (have) is conjugated in the Present Simple: have, has
The second auxiliary (be) is invariable in past participle form: been
The main verb is invariable in present participle form: -ing
For negative sentences we insert not after the first auxiliary verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and first auxiliary verb.
Look at these example sentences with the Present Perfect Continuous tense:

subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb

+ I have been waiting for one hour.

+ You have been talking too much.

- It has not been raining.

- We have not been playing football.

? Have you been seeing her?

? Have they been doing their

homework?

Contraction with Present Perfect Continuous

When we use the Present Perfect Continuous tense in speaking, we often contract the
subject and the first auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.

167
 I have been I've been
You have been You've been
He has been He's been
She has been She's been
It has been It's been
John has been John's been
The car has been The car's been
We have been We've been
They have been They've been
• I've been reading.
• Jenny's been helping us recently.

In negative sentences, we may contract the first auxiliary verb and "not":
• I haven't been playing tennis.
• It hasn't been snowing.

How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous tense?

This tense is called the Present Perfect Continuous tense. There is usually a connection
with the present or now.
We use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk about:
• past action recently-stopped
• past action still-continuing

Present Perfect Continuous for past action just stopped

We use the Present Perfect Continuous tense to talk about action that started in the past
and stopped recently. There is usually a result now.

I'm tired because I've been running.

past present Future

!!!

Recent action Result now

• I'm tired [now] because I've been running.

• Why is the grass wet [now]? Has it been raining?
• You don't understand [now] because you haven't been listening.

168
Present Perfect Continuous for past action continuing now

We use the Present Perfect Continuous tense to talk about action that started in the past
and is continuing now. This is often used with for or since.

I have been reading for 2 hours.

past present Future

Action started in past. Action is continuing now.

• I have been reading for 2 hours. (I am still reading now.)

• We've been studying since 9 o'clock. (We're still studying now.)
• How long have you been learning English? (You are still learning now.)
• We have not been smoking. (And we are not smoking now.)

For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous tense

We often use for and since with perfect tenses:

• We use for to talk about a period of time: three hours, two months, one decade
• We use since to talk about a point in past time: 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday
for since
a period of time a point in past time
------------ -•----------
30 minutes 10.00am
four days Friday
3 months March
2 years 2010
3 centuries 1700
ages I left school
ever the beginning of time
etc etc
Look at these example sentences using for and since with the Present Perfect
Continuous tense:
• I have been studying for three hours.
• I have been watching TV since 7pm.
• Tara hasn't been feeling well for two weeks.
169
 • Tara hasn't been visiting us since March.
• He has been playing football for a long time.
• He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.

For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.

Remember Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that non-continuous verbs cannot be used in any continuous

tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for mixed verbs cannot be used in
continuous tenses. Instead of using present perfect continuous with these verbs, you
must use present perfect.
Examples:
• Sam has been having his car for two years. Not Correct
• Sam has had his car for two years. Correct

Adverb Placement

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
• You have only been waiting here for one hour.
• Have you only been waiting here for one hour?

Active / Passive

Examples:
• Recently, John has been doing the work. Active
• Recently, the work has been being done by John. Passive
NOTE: Present perfect continuous is less commonly used in its passive form.

What's the difference?

Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous

We use both of these tenses for finished and unfinished actions.

The present perfect simple can be used (often with 'since' and 'for') to talk about unfinished
actions that started in the past and are still true in the present. It's often used with stative verbs:
• I've known John for three years.

170
The present perfect continuous can also be used (often with 'since' and 'for') to talk about
unfinished actions that started in the past and are still true in the present. (Of course, we don't
use the present perfect continuous with stative verbs):
• She's been living here for three years.

Sometimes there's really no difference in meaning between the two tenses. This is especially
the case with verbs such as 'live', 'work' and 'study':
• They've lived in London since 2004.
• They've been living in London since 2004.
• I've studied French for ten years.
• I've been studying French for ten years.
• He's worked at the company since 2009.
• He's been working at our company since 2009.

Sometimes, there is a difference in meaning:

The present perfect continuous can be used to emphasise the length of time that has passed.

The present perfect simple is generally neutral:

• They've been waiting for hours! (This emphasises the length of time).
• They've waited for hours. (This doesn't emphasise the length of time).

On the other hand, the present perfect simple is often used when we're talking about how much
or how many. This isn't possible with the present perfect continuous:
• She's drunk three cups of coffee this morning.
• She's drunk at least a litre of coffee today.
• (NOT: she's been drinking three cups of coffee this morning).

The present perfect continuous often focuses on the action itself, while the present perfect
simple focuses on the fact that the action is completed:
• I've been reading the book you recommended. (I'm enjoying it, but I'm not finished).
• I've read the book you recommended. (I've finished it, so we can talk about it).

We use 'yet' and 'already' with the present perfect simple:

• Have you read the book yet?
• She's finished her work already.

This difference is often used to talk about different kinds of results in the present. The present
perfect simple is used when the action is finished, and the result comes from the action being
finished:

171
 • I've eaten dinner, so let's go out.
• She's done all her homework, so she can relax this evening.
• I've made a cake. Would you like some?

The present perfect continuous is used when the result comes from the action itself. It doesn't
matter if the whole action is finished or not. The result is often something we can see, hear,
smell, or feel:
• I've been eating dinner, so there are plates all over the table.
• She's been doing her homework, so she's tired.
• I've been making a cake, that's why the kitchen is such a mess.

Finally, the present perfect continuous can be used to emphasise that something is temporary:
• She's been running a lot recently. (She doesn't usually do this).
• Usually I study at home, but I've been studying in the library for the last week.

Present Perfect Simple – Present Perfect Progressive

Form
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive
irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column
of irregular verbs
Example: form of 'have' + been + verb + ing
I / you / we / they have spoken
he / she / it has spoken Example:
regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + I / you / we / they have been
ed speaking
Example: he / she / it has been speaking
I / you / we / they have worked
he / she / it has worked
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed' : Exceptions when adding 'ing' :
• when the final letter is e, only add d • silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply
Example: for -ee)
love - loved Example: come - coming
• after a short, stressed vowel, the final aber: agree - agreeing
consonant is doubled • after a short, stressed vowel, the final
Example: consonant is doubled

172
 admit - admitted Example: sit - sitting
• final l is always doubled in British • after a vowel, the final consonant l is
English (not in American English) doubled in British English (but not in
Example: American English).
travel - travelled Example: travel - travelling
• after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: • final ie becomes y.
not after a vowel) Example: lie – lying
Example:
worry - worried
but: play - played
See also explanations on Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Progressive

Use
Both tenses are used to express that an action began in the past and is still going on or has just
finished. In many cases, both forms are correct, but there is often a difference in meaning: We
use the Present Perfect Simple mainly to express that an action is completed or to emphasise
the result. We use the Present Perfect Progressive to emphasise the duration or continuous
course of an action.

Result or duration?
Do you want to express what has happened so far or how long an action has been going on yet?
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive
Result (what / how much / how often) Duration (how long)
I have written 5 letters. / I have been to I have been writing for an hour.
London twice.

Certain verbs
The following verbs are usually only used in Present Perfect Simple (not in the progressive
form).
• state: be, have (for possession only)
Example: We have been on holiday for two weeks.
• senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch
Example: He has touched the painting.
• brain work: believe, know, think, understand
Example: I have known him for 3 years.

Emphasis on completion or duration?

Do you want to emphasise the completion of an action or its continuous course (how has
somebody spent his time)?

173
 Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive
Emphasis on completion Emphasis on duration
I have done my homework. I have been doing my homework.
(Meaning: My homework is completed now.) (Meaning: That's how I have spent my time. It
does not matter whether the homework is
completed now.)

Result or side effect?

Do you want to express that a completed action led to a desired result or that the action had an
unwanted side effect?
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive
desired result unwanted side effect
I have washed the car. Why are you so wet? - I have been washing the
(Result: The car is clean now.) car.
(side effect: I became wet when I was washing the
car. It does not matter whether the car is clean
now.)

Time + negation: last time or beginning of an action?

In negative sentences: Do you want to express how much time has past since the last time the
action took place or since the beginning of the action?
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive
since the last time since the beginning
I haven't played that game for years. I haven't been playing that game for an hour, only
(Meaning: It's years ago that I last played that for 10 minutes.
game.) (Meaning: It's not even an hour ago that I started
to play that game.)

Permanent or temporary?
If an action is still going on and we want to express that it is a permanent situation, we would
usually use the Present Perfect Simple. For temporary situations, we would prefer the Present
Perfect Progressive. This is not a rule, however, only a tendency.
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive
permanent temporary
James has lived in this town for 10 years. James has been living here for a year.
(Meaning: He is a permanent resident of this (Meaning: This situation is only temporary.
town.) Maybe he is an exchange student and only here
for one or two years.)

174
Signal words
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive
▪ how often ▪ how long
▪ ... times ▪ since
▪ for

B. Exercise
Practice 11 (Intermediate)

Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous Tenses

I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Present Perfect
or Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Do like the examples.

Present Perfect Tense Or Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Example 1: We _____ (know) them for 10 years.

Your answer: have known

Example 2: How long (learn/you) ____ English?

Your answer: have you been learning

Example 3: The film ________(run/not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial
break already
Your answer: has not been running

Example 4: He ______ (have) this car for 5 years.

Your answer: has had

1. They ____ (watch) TV for 1 hour.

2. We ____(work) for 5 hours without a break.
3. Mr. Steven ____(be) in hospital for three days.
4. Randolph ____ (hear) a mouse squeak all night.
5. (you/see) ____ Sherly?
6. Don't worry, they ____ (not/touch) your gameboy.
7. My mother ______ (prepare) dinner for two hours.
8. We ____ (play) football. (We want to tell how we have spent our time).
9. Melly ___(send) the letter. (The action is completed now).
10. My friends ___ (build) a house. (I want to emphasize that the house is ready now).

175
11. I ____ (watch)TV. (I want to tell how I have spent my time).
12. Lita ___ (open) the door. (I want to emphasize that the door is open now).
13. Why are you out of breath? I ___ (run).
14. The toaster is okay again. My dad ___ (repair) it.
15. I am so tired. I ___ (work) all day.
16. Your shirt is clean now. Christine ____ (wash) it.
17. I'm afraid, I'm getting a cold. I ____(walk) home in the rain.
18. Your clothes smell awful! (you/smoke) ___?
19. Dona is ready for her exam now. I ___(help) her preparing for it.
20. It is dark in here because we ____(close) the curtains. We want to watch a film and
that's better in the dark.

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct.
Do like the examples.
@ I have waited for an hour.
False. (waited) should be (been waiting).
@ Lea has been reading this book three times.
False. (been reading) should be (read).
@ I have known him for a long time.
True.

1. Jocelyn has exercised more recently.

2. Did you ever been to Bangkok?
3. She's been drinking three cups of coffee this morning.
4. I've been making a cake, that's why the kitchen is such a mess.
5. My grandparents have lived in this house for 50 years.

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Practice 1 Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous Tenses:
https://forms.gle/GUtipsszQ6e63WF5A

Practice 12 (Intermediate)

Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous Tenses

I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Present Perfect or
Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Do like the examples.
Example 1: We _____ (know) them for 10 years.
Your answer: have known

176
 Example 2: How long (learn/you) ____ English?
Your answer: have you been learning
Example 3: The film ________(run/not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a
commercial break already
Your answer: has not been running
Example 4: He ______ (have) this car for 5 years.
Your answer: has had

1. One can see through the windows again. Lily _____(clean) them.
2. You are absolutely sunburned. You _______(sit) in the sun too long
3. We can watch the film now. Philips___ (connect) the DVD player.
4. The room looks much nicer now. My father ____ (hang) up some pictures
5. Lanny is soaken wet. She ____ (wash) her dogs.
6. I am not hungry. I ______(eat/ already) something.
7. Can I go outside? I _____ (do) my homework.
8. My eyes are red because I ______ (cut) onions
9. We _______ (play/not) the computer for half an hour, only for about 5 minutes.
10. Rudy _______ (drive/ not) a car for eight years.
11. Celine ______ (go/not) on holiday for three years
12. We _______ (run/not) for 40 minutes yet - there are still 10 minutes left.
13. Teddy ______ (smoke/not) for 10 days now.
14. I ______ (eat/not) anything since two o'clock.
15. Melisa_______ (work/not) here for five years, but for seven years.

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct.
Do like the examples.
@. I have waited for an hour.
False. (waited) should be (been waiting).
@ Lea has been reading this book three times.
False. (been reading) should be (read).
@ I have known him for a long time.
True.

1. I have not read for a long time - just 10 minutes, not more.
2. Ririn has not been speaking French for 10 years, so her French isn't very good
now.
3. We have not been cycling for two hours. It was only about one hour.
4. Since I bought my car, I have not been travelling by train.
5. He has not learned English for two years yet, but he speaks it very well.
6. We have not been partying for a long time, but there's no food left.

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 7. Renny and her boyfriend have not gone out together for a long time. They
only met three weeks ago
8. James has not been tidying up his room for a long time. It's a complete mess.
9. We have not been practising for hours - 15 minutes were enough.
10. Valentino is absolutely tired as he has not been sleeping well for days.

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Practice 2 Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous Tenses:
https://forms.gle/aSJRaSNSdvsUzcEEA

Practice 13 (Intermediate)

Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous Tenses

I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Past Simple or Present
Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Do like the examples. Do not contract
for the subject and the first auxiliary verb in the affirmative sentences or the first
auxiliary verb and "not" in the negative sentences.
Example 1: ______(you / take) the dog for a walk yet?.
Your answer: Have you taken
Example 2: I______ (work) all day. I _____ (come / just) home from work and I
_____ (have / not) the time yet to walk the dog.
Your answer: have been working, have just come, have not had
Example 3: The film ________(run/not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a
commercial break already
Your answer: has not been running
Example 4: He ______ (have) this car for 5 years.
Your answer: has had

1. The kitchen is a complete mess! What ___ (the children / do)?

2. ____ (you/buy) your Taksaka Train ticket yet?
3. Our great great grand mother ____ (have) six sisters.
4. Angelina ___(live) in Denpasar for a year when she was a student.
5. Oh no! I ___ (lose) my wallet.
6. Richele ___ (learn) to drive for 4 months.
7. Dora ____ (already/ have) lunch, so she’ll meet us later.
8. At the weekend, they ____ (play) football, then they ____ (go) to a
restaurant.
9. I ____ (read) three books this week.
10. Diego ____(live) in six different countries, so he knows a lot about different
cultures.

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 11. How much coffee ____(she/drink) this morning?
12. I _____(do) everything I needed to do today! Hurray!
13. It ___ (not/rain) all summer, so the garden is dead.
14. I ___ (work) in the garden all day and I need a rest.
15. Ronny ____ (break) his leg the day before his exam.
16. We ____(no/see) Cindy since two weeks ago.
17. King Henrys the Eight of England ____ (have) six wives.
18. I ____ (call) for you for half an hour. Where ____(you/be)? And why are
your clothes so dirty?
19. You look tired. _____(you work ) hard?
20. Look. Somebody ___ (break) that window.
21. I ____ (read) the book you gave but I ___(not/finish) it yet.
22. “Sorry I’m late.” “That’s all right. I ___ (not/wait) long.”
23. Hello! I _____ (clean)the windows. So far I ____ (clean) five of them and
there are two more to do.
24. There’s a strange smell in here. ___ (you /cook) something?
25. My sister is an actress. She _____ (appear) in several films.

III. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct.
Do like the examples. Do not contract for the subject and the first auxiliary verb
in the affirmative sentences or the first auxiliary verb and "not" in the negative
sentences.
@. I have waited for an hour.
False. (waited) should be (been waiting).
@ Lea has been reading this book three times.
False. (been reading) should be (read).
@ I have known him for a long time.
True.

1. How long has she waited for us?

2. How many times have I been telling you?
3. How often have you cleaned the windows this year?
4. How many months have you taken piano lessons?
5. Have you ever been staying in a castle?
6. How much money has Timothy been spending in the casino?
7. How long has she sat there?
8. How many short messages have you been sending this month?
9. Have you emptied the bin yet?
10. Ketty, have you bathed your dolls? The bathroom floor is absolutely wet.

179
 You can also do in the following link of Google Form
Practice 3 Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous Tenses:
https://forms.gle/385DCSM5iKJ8x8J57

Practice 14 (Intermediate)

Past Simple, Past Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous Tenses
I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Past Simple or
Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Do like the examples. Do
not contract for the subject and the first auxiliary verb in the affirmative sentences
or the first auxiliary verb and "not" in the negative sentences.

Example 1: _____ (you / take) the dog for a walk yet?

Your answer: Have you taken

Example 2: I______ (work) all day. I _____ (come / just) home from work and I
_____ (have / not) the time yet to walk the dog.
Your answer: have been working, have just come, have not had

Example 3: The film ________(run/not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a
commercial break already
Your answer: has not been running

Example 4: He ______ (have) this car for 5 years.

Your answer: has had

1. William ____(buy) a new car several days ago.

2. I ____ (lose) my wallet. I can't find anywhere.
3. Her hair is very short. She _____ (have) a haircut.
4. My brother _____ (travel) for two months.
5. _____ (it/rain) since you arrived?
6. Do you know he________ (teach) German for fifteen years?
7. John Grigg ____ (discover) the comet now called Grigg-Skjellerup, at the
beginning of the 20th century.
8. We _______ (watch) TV since we _____ (have) dinner.
9. Last night I ____ (arrive) home at half past twelve. I _____ (have) a bath and
then ____ (go) to bed.
10. ______ (you/visit) many museums when you were in Washington?

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 11. According to yesterday's newspapers, astronomers in Australia _______
(discover) a planet in a galaxy close to our own.
12. It _________ (rain) all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go
to the beach.
13. You look really great! _______(you, exercise) at the fitness center recently?
14. Jennifer ______ (climb) the Matterhorn, ______ (sail) around the world, and
_____ (go) on safari in Kenya. She is such an adventurous person.
15. Since they were young, the children ____ (enjoy) travelling by plane.
16. It ____ (snow) heavily since this morning.
17. I'm pleased to say that team ___ (play) well all season.
18. I __ (understand /never) why we have to pay so much tax.
19. I ____ (not read) any of NH Dini's novels.
20. In recent years, our companies ____ (put) a lot of money into developing
advanced technology.
21. I ______ (love) the circus ever since I was a child.
22. I______ (go) to the circus ever since I was a child.
23. Laura: Five hours? When did you arrive? Dylan: We ______ (get) here at 6:00
o'clock this morning. More than forty people _______ (stand, already) here
waiting for tickets when we arrived.
24. I ______ (have) the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about
buying a new one.
25. Sam _____ (try) to change a light bulb when he _____ (slip) and _____ (fall).

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct.
Do like the examples. Do not contract for the subject and the first auxiliary verb
in the affirmative sentences or the first auxiliary verb and "not" in the negative
sentences.
@ I have waited for an hour.
False. (waited) should be (been waiting).
@ Lea has been reading this book three times.
False. (been reading) should be (read).
@ I have known him for a long time.
True.

1. Whenever I called in on Celine, she talked on the phone.

2. When I lived in Bandung, I was spending two hours a day travelling to and
from work.
3. Michael was winning the tournament seven times before he retired.
4. We were having to play netball twice a week when I went to school.

181
 5. The opposition group were fighting the government on this issue for years,
but so far without success.
6. The protesters have been campaigning for some months now to prevent the
new road being built.
7. He has been looking nervous until I told him to sit down and relax.
8. Work to repair the bridge has been continuing through this summer.
9. Before she retrained as a computer programmer, she has been working as a
secretary.
10. I was receiving the magazine for some time and enjoy reading it immensely.
11. I was turning to leave when she said," Maybe you'd like to stay for dinner."
12. I have talked to her yesterday about doing the work.
13. They still live in the small house they have bought 30 years ago.
14. You have not yet explained clearly what you want me to do.
15. We lived in Yogyakarta for six years now and like it a lot.
16. Eliza has talked on the phone for an hour.
17. When Indah called last night, I was watching my favorite show on television.
18. Listen Cecep, I don't care if you missed the bus this morning. You were late
to work too many times. You are fired!
19. Vivie has been living in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she was
living there when the Berlin wall came down.
20. LIa: What did you do when the accident occurred? Philips: I was trying to
change a light bulb that had burnt out.
21. One clown was juggling while he balanced a glass of wine on his head
22. One clown was juggling while he was having a glass of wine on his head.
23. It is already 9:30 PM and I have waited here for over an hour. If John does
not get here in the next five minutes, I am going to leave.
24. The total victims of Covid 19 in Indonesia has grown from 2 people on the
March 2 2020 to 1.201.859 today.
25. The pollution problem has been getting worse over the last decade.

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Practice 4 Past Simple, Past Continuous , Present Perfect, Present Perfect
Continuous Tenses: https://forms.gle/9Wf5CWnXW7tddV1q6

Practice 15 (Upper Intermediate)

I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Past Simple or Present
Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Do like the examples. Do not contract

182
for the subject and the first auxiliary verb in the affirmative sentences or the first
auxiliary verb and "not" in the negative sentences.
Example 1: ______(you / take) the dog for a walk yet?
Your answer: Have you taken

Example 2: I______ (work) all day. I ____ (come / just) home from work and I
_____ (have / not) the time yet to walk the dog.
Your answer: have been working, have just come, have not had

Example 3: The film ________(run/not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a
commercial break already
Your answer: has not been running

Example 4: He ______ (have) this car for 5 years.

Your answer: has had

1. I ___ (wash) the windows all day without any help! Two more and I can
have a rest.
2. Sorry, I'm late! How long ___ (you/wait)?
3. Finally! We ___ (sell) our house!
4. She ______ (live) in Depok for a while, then moved to Bogor.
5. Suddenly I _____ (hear) a loud noise, followed by a scream. I ______(run)
outside to see what______(happen).
6. Melly: Are you OK? Priscilla: Yeah, I'm fine! I'm not crying.
I________(chop) onions!
7. I _______(learn) Spanish for three years and soon I'm going to be using it
at work.
8. They ________(score) four goals and it's only half-time!
9. ________(someone/eat) my special bread? There's only a little bit left.
10. You look nice! _______(you/have) your hair cut?
11. On my first day at work I was a bit nervous. I____(get)up early,
_____(have) a shower, and ____(drink) some coffee. I was too nervous to
eat.
12. While I ______(wait), I ________(notice) that people __________(look)
at me in a strange way.
13. One day, as I _____(work) I _______(hear) someone call my name.
14. _________(you/always/hate) garlic?
15. Thanks for the recipe book! We_______(try) two different recipes so far.
16. I'm worried about Meliana. She______(work) too hard recently. Been
working

183
 17. I____________(try) to call the internet company all morning but I can't get
through.
18. She ________(find) three main ways our company can reduce costs.
19. Robert William________(prepare) for the party for weeks.
20. I’m supposed to be going to an interview tomorrow, but I
_______(still/have/not) confirmation about the time.
21. Mother _____ (bake) a cake when the light _____(go) out. She had to
finish it in the dark.
22. You've got white dust all over you! What ________(you/do)?
23. _____________(your parents/ arrive) yet?
24. How long _________(you/ know) Meitha?
25. You look dirty. What _________(you/ do) all day?
26. How many times _______(Kelly/ visit) Paris?
27. The children ________(watch) videos for three hours.
28. Lina __________(write) his essay all day, but she _________(finish/ not)
yet.
29. While we ________(wait), we _______(do) crossword puzzles.
30. The sun_______ (shine) so we _______(decide) to go for a walk.

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct. Do
like the examples. Do not contract for the subject and the first auxiliary verb in the
affirmative sentences or the first auxiliary verb and "not" in the negative sentences.
@ I have waited for an hour.
False. (waited) should be (been waiting).
@ Lea has been reading this book three times.
False. (been reading) should be (read).
@ I have known him for a long time.
True.

1. Nick was becoming sick while he was travelling in Texas.

2. He listened to the radio while he was preparing breakfast.
3. He was writing the whole homework during the lunch break yesterday.
4. It began to rain when we started.
5. We have just waited for Renny when Philips came.
6. My team has only won four matches so far.
7. How long have you waited for us?
8. At half past ten she still was doing her homework.
9. When the war broke out we were living in Iraq.
10. Have you been taking part in any competitions yet?
11. We have known them for ten years.

184
 12. I am so tired, I have been working all day.
13. Your clothes smell awful! Have you smoked?
14. Sherly is ready for her exam now. I have been helping her preparing for it.
15. You are absolutely sunburned. You have been sitting in the sun too long.

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Practice 5 Past Simple, Past Continuous , Present Perfect, Present Perfect
Continuous Tenses: https://forms.gle/7D1toYG7kKiYqgSv5

C. Evaluation

D. Reflection
Take a few moment, then answer the following questions:
▪ How will this help you change the world for the better?
▪ How can you apply this lesson to your own life in a meaningful way?
▪ How did this lesson make you feel and why?

VII. The Simple Future Tense

A. Material
Simple future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the
two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different
meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and
practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a
specific time in the future.

Form Will

The structure of the Future Simple tense is:

subject + auxiliary will + main verb

185
 invariable base

will V1

For negative sentences in the Future Simple tense, we insert not between the auxiliary
verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary
verb. Look at these example sentences with the Future Simple tense:

subject auxiliary verb main verb

+ I will open the door.

+ You will finish before me.

- She will not be at school tomorrow.

- We will not leave yet.

? Will you arrive on time?

? Will they want dinner?

We sometimes use shall instead of will, especially for I and we.

Contraction with Future Simple

When we use the Future Simple tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and
auxiliary verb:
I will I'll
you will you'll
he will he'll
she will she'll
it will it'll
we will we'll
they will they'll

In negative sentences, we contract with won't, like this:

I will not I won't
you will not you won't

186
 he will not he won't
she will not she won't
it will not it won't
we will not we won't
they will not they won't

Form Be Going To

[am/is/are + going to + VERB]

Examples:
• You are going to meet Jane tonight.
• Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
• You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

Uses

USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action
is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to
someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that
someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or
"won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.
Examples:
• I will send you the information when I get it.
• I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
• Will you help me move this heavy table?
• Will you make dinner?
• I will not do your homework for you.
• I won't do all the housework myself!
• A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
• A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
• A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.

USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise

"Will" is usually used in promises.
Examples:
• I will call you when I arrive.

187
• If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access
to inexpensive health insurance.
• I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
• Don't worry, I'll be careful.
• I won't tell anyone your secret.

USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan

"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person
intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or
not.

Examples:
• He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
• She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
• A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
• I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
• Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
• They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
• Who are you going to invite to the party?
• A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.

USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction

Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the
future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction"
sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3
do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.
Examples:
• The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
• The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
• John Smith will be the next President.
• John Smith is going to be the next President.
• The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
• The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

Important

In the simple future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often,
there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.

188
 No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the simple future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time
expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.
Instead of simple future, simple present is used.
Examples:
• When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
• When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

Adverb placement

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
• You will never help him.
• Will you ever help him?
• You are never going to meet Jane.
• Are you ever going to meet Jane?

Active / Passive

Examples:
• John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active
• The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive
• Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active
• A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive

VIII. The Future Continuous Tense

▪ Material
Future continuous has two different forms: "will be doing " and "be going to be doing."
Unlike simple future forms, future continuous forms are usually interchangeable.
Form Future Continuous with "Will"
[will be + present participle]
The structure of the Future Continuous tense is:

subject + auxiliary + auxiliary + main verb

verb WILL verb BE

189
 invariable invariable present
participle

will be base + ing

For negative sentences in the Future Continuous tense, we

insert not between will and be. For question sentences, we exchange
the subject and will. Look at these example sentences with the Future Continuous tense:

subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb

+ I will be working at 10am.

on a beach
+ You will be lying
tomorrow.

- She will not be using the car.

dinner at
- We will not be having
home.

? Will you be playing football?

? Will they be watching TV?

We sometimes use shall instead of will, especially for I and we.

Contraction with Future Continuous

When we use the Future Continuous tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and
WILL:
I will I'll
you will you'll
he will he'll
she will she'll
it will it'll
we will we'll
they will they'll
In negative sentences, we may contract with won't, like this:

190
 I will not I won't
you will not you won't
he will not he won't
she will not she won't
it will not it won't
we will not we won't
they will not they won't

Examples:
• You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
• Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
• You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

Form Future Continuous with "Be Going To "

[am/is/are + going to be + present participle]
Examples:
• You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
• Are you going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
• You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
REMEMBER: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the future
continuous with little difference in meaning.

Uses

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Future

Use the future continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted
by a shorter action in the future. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an
interruption in time.
Examples:
• I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
• I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.
• I am going to be staying at the Madison Hotel, if anything happens and
you need to contact me.
• He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when
she arrives.
Notice in the examples above that the interruptions (marked in italics) are in simple
present rather than simple future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses,
and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.
191
USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future

In USE 1, described above, the future continuous is interrupted by a short action in the
future. In addition to using short actions as interruptions, you can also use a specific
time as an interruption.
Examples:
• Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.
I will be in the process of eating dinner.
• At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert.
We will be in the process of driving through the desert.

REMEMBER
In the simple future, a specific time is used to show the time an action will begin or
end. In the future continuous, a specific time interrupts the action.

Examples:
• Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to eat dinner.
I am going to start eating at 6 PM.
• Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.
I am going to start earlier and I will be in the process of eating dinner at 6 PM.

USE 3 Parallel Actions in the Future

When you use the future continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses
the idea that both actions will be happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.

Examples:
• I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner.
• Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good
time.
• While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching television.
Notice "is reading" because of the time clause containing "while."

USE 4 Atmosphere in the Future

In English, we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere at a specific
point in the future.

192
Example:
• When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be
dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and
several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future tenses, the future continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with
time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless,
etc. Instead of future continuous, present continuous is used.
Examples:
• While I am going to be finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. Not
Correct
• While I am finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. Correct

AND REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that non-continuous verbs cannot be used in any continuous
tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for mixed verbs cannot be used in
continuous tenses. Instead of using future continuous with these verbs, you must
use simple future.
Examples:
• Jane will be being at my house when you arrive. Not Correct
• Jane will be at my house when you arrive. Correct

Adverb Placement

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
• You will still be waiting for her when her plane arrives.
• Will you still be waiting for her when her plane arrives?
• You are still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives.
• Are you still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives?

Active / Passive

Examples:
• At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes. Active
• At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John. Passive
• At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes. Active
• At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John. Passive
NOTE: Passive forms of the future continuous are not common.

193
The Future Continuous tense is often used in English as a way to talk about something
happening at a given point in the future.

How do we make the Future Continuous tense?

How do we use the Future Continuous tense?

The Future Continuous tense expresses action at a particular moment in the future. The
action will have started before that moment but it will not have finished at that moment.
For example, tomorrow I will start work at 2pm and stop work at 6pm:
At 4pm tomorrow, I will be working.
Past present future
4pm
At 4pm, I will be in the middle
of working.
When we use the Future Continuous tense, our listener usually knows or understands
what time we are talking about. Look at these examples:
• I will be playing tennis at 10am tomorrow.
• They won't be watching TV at 9pm tonight.
• What will you be doing at 10pm tonight?
• What will you be doing when I arrive?
• She will not be sleeping when you telephone her.
• We'll be having dinner when the film starts.
• Take your umbrella. It will be raining when you return.
Note that continuous tenses are also called progressive tenses. So the Future
Continuous tense is sometimes called the Future Progressive tense.

Differences between Simple Future Tense and Future Continuous Tense

Basis of differences Simple Future Tense Future Continuous Tense

Basic Future expressed as a fact,Long continuous actions in
plan or a decision, opinion,
future depicting time of
office programs, happening in future,
timetables, personal
atmosphere in future,
programmes projecting self in future,
guessing events,
Repeated actions Prediction of future, time Prediction – time
unspecified. specified.

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 Form and structure Simple present form of Present participle form of
verb along with future main verb along with
tense form of helping verb future tense form of
helping verb

Similarities:

Both simple future and future continuous tenses are used to

1. Predict future events or plan
2. Talk about the future.

Differences Between Future Tenses

1. We use "going to" to talk about a planned activity for future.

For instance:
A: There is a good movie on TV tonight.
B: Yes. I know. I am going to watch it.

A: Why is Betty in a hurry?

B: Because she is going to meet her brother at the station at six.

2. We use "will" when we decide to do something at the time of speaking.

For instance :
A: What would you like to drink, sir?
B: I will have a glass of milk, please.

A: Oh, you have left the door open.

B: Have I? I will go and shut it.

3. We use "going to" for prediction in the near future. The speaker is sure because
there are signs about it.
For instance:
She is standing at the edge of the clif, she is going to fall.
A: What is the problem? There are strange noises in the lift.
B: I think the lift is going to break down. Let’s get out!

A: I feel cold.
B: Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain.

A: What is the matter with you?

195
 B: I feel terrible. I think I am going to be ill.

4. We use "will" for prediction in the remote future

For instance:
A: How is he, doctor?
B: Don’t worry. He will get better.

A: The bridge is not so safe.

B: Yes. One day it will break down.

5. We use "will" for requests, invitations and offers.

For instance :
Will you shut the door, please? (Request)
Will you come to the cinema with me? (Invitation)
That bag looks very heavy. I will help you. (Offer)

6. We generally use "will" for prediction with the following verbs and phrases.
Believe , expect , hope , think , wonder , I’m sure , I’m afraid ...etc
I believe he will pass the exam.
I hope he won’t leave us.
I am afraid he will fail the exam.
Do you think they will divorce?

7. We use "will" with the adverbs perhaps, probably, certainly

We do not use going to in this case.
Perhaps they will support you in the election.
Jackson will probably go to London next year.

8. We use "will" to express promise, not going to

I will study medicine at university.
I will stop going to the casino.

9. We use "will" in a question tag after imperative, not going to.

Do it today, will you?
Don’t look at your friend’s paper, will you?

10. We use "will" to give an order or state our wishes, not be going to.
Will you turn on the lights?

11. We use "will" to express an action in necessity in the future, not be going to.

196
 You will have to pay a fine if you don’t pay your tax on time.

12. We use "will" for threat.

Study hard or you will fail.
Give me all your money or you will die.

▪ Exercise
Practice 16 (Intermediate)

Future Simple Tense – Future Continuous Tense

I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Future Simple or
Future Continuous Tense. Do like the examples.
Example 1: Are you cold? I _______(turn) off the air conditioning.
Your answer: will turn

Example 2: She ______(wait) for us when we arrive.

Your answer: will be waiting

Example 3: Sari ________(work)at 8:00 tonight.

Your answer: is going to be working

Example 4: We __________(watch) a movie tonight.

Your answer: are going to watch

1. We ______ (travel) abroad.

2. They _______ (change/not) the telephone number.
3. They _______ (study/ probably) at university.
4. Can I walk you home? No thank you. I ____ (take) a taxi.
5. I __________ (call) Ronny. Do you want me to say hello to him?
6. At 10 o'clock I ________ (travel) to Menado.
7. This time tomorrow we _______ (lie) on the Parang Tritis beach.
8. I ________ (sleep) when you come back.
9. I ________ (write) to you again. (I always write to you, so I'll do it again, as
usual).
10. They ______ (leave) on Friday. You can join them. (They normally leave on
Fridays).
11. We __________(go) to the cinema next weekend. (We have not arranged
anything and, probably, we do not even know which film we want to see. We
only say how we will spend the weekend).
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 12. I ____ (call) Sherly tonight. I'll ask her. (I will do it because I need to talk to
her).
13. I _________ Renny tonight. I can ask her. (I call her every night, that is why I
will call her tonight too).
14. I_______ (meet) Jane next week. (I meet Jane every week and it will be the same
next week.)
15. I _______(meet) Lily next week. (I intend to meet Lily next week or I suppose
that I will meet her.)
16. I_________(meet) Lenny next week. (I decided to meet Lenny some time ago
and now I am expressing my intention.)
17. It ______ (rain), I'm afraid. (I assume it will rain, it is my opinion. But who
knows!)
18. It__________ (rain). (I am sure it will rain because I can see the dark clouds in
the sky. My opinion is based on clear evidence.)
19. I am meeting is more definite than I ________(meet) and I _______ (meet) is
the least definite.
20. Don't phone me before 7 o'clock, we _______ (have) dinner.
21. Deborah ______ (not work) this time next week. She'll be on holiday!
22. Hurry up! The film ______ (start) soon.
23. At three o'clock tomorrow, she ___(shop) in Surabaya.
24. You are so late! Everybody __________ (work) when you arrive at the office.
25. Good Lord! The engine has stopped. The plane _ down!

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct. Do
like the examples.
Future Simple Tense or Future Continuous Tense

1. He will probably help you with your homework if you ask him
2. At three o'clock tomorrow, Marlina is going to study in the library.
3. Is Bill at school? - No, he isn't. I suppose he is going to come.

198
 4. Can I help you? - Yes, please. Will you be showing me that blouse?
5. If you take three cassettes, you will be getting one cassette free.
6. He will be playing tennis at 8.30. He usually starts at 8 o'clock. Could you
come before that?
7. Your journey will be so long. How will you be spending your time while you
are on the train?
8. If your teacher asks you, are you going to translate the text?
9. Don't call me at 10 o'clock. I am going to fly to Paris
10. I suppose we are going to stay at a hotel next summer
You can also do in the following link of Google Form
Practice 6 Future Simple and Continuous Tense:
https://forms.gle/KSx7jwfDNN72xbs97

Practice 17 (Intermediate)

I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Future Simple
Tense: will or be going to. Do like the examples.
Example 1: Are you cold? I _______(turn) off the air conditioning.
Your answer: will turn

Example 2: We __________(watch) a movie tonight.

Your answer: are going to watch

Example 3: I feel awful. I think. I _____ (be) sick.

Your answer: am going to be

Example 4: I think next season ________(be) a wonderful one for our team.
Your answer: will be

1. At noon tomorrow, I _____ (relax) on a beach somewhere.

2. Sorry, I can't. I ______ (take) my daughter to work at that time.
3. Sherly ______ (be) 17 next Friday.
4. They ______ (get) a new computer.
5. I think my sister _____(like) this CD.
6. Peter's sister _______ (have) a baby.
7. In 2022 people _____ (buy) more hybrid cars.
8. The visitors ______ (arrive) at about 4 in the afternoon.
9. Teddy _____ (throw) a party next week.
10. We ______ (fly) to Bangkok in July.
11. Look at the clouds! It ____ (rain) soon.

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 12. Just a moment. I ____ (hep) you with the bags.
13. What are your plans for the weekend? I ______(go) to Puncak.
14. Would you like tea or coffee? I ____ (have) coffee.
15. Watch out. You _____ (hurt) yourself.
16. The friends _____ (stay in) tonight. They are grounded.
17. It's starting to rain. I _____ (put up) the umbrella.
18. Look! They _______ (wash) the car.
19. If you don't stop bullying her, I ____(tell) the teacher.
20. It' 9 o'clock already. We _____ (miss) the buss.
21. A: I can't climb this tree B: Don't worry. I _____(help) you.
22. They have made a decision. They ____ (lose) weight next year.
23. A: What are you going to do this evening? B: I don't know. Maybe I_______
(play) golf.
24. This shirt is really nice but I think it ______ (be) very expensive.
25. A: Hey! The phone is ringing! B: Alright. I____(take) it.
26. A: Where are you going? B: We______ (play) basketball.
27. A: We have bought Lucy a book. B: Do you think she ________ (read) it?
28. A: Why are you wearing sunglasses? B: Because I ________ (go) to the beach.
29. A: ________(you/come) to the party? B: Sorry. I have to work
30. A: Why are you here? B: I _________(help) your sister with her homework.

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are
correct. Do like the examples.
Future Simple Tense
1. I am going to help you if you help me.
2. If she doesn’t start working harder, she’s going to fail the test.
3. There’s a knock at the door. - I am going to go!
4. Let’s ask John how to solve this problem. He’ll know.
5. It’s rather cold in here. - Sorry, I am going to close the window.
6. Who do you think is going to win the World Cup?
7. I’m not ready yet. - That’s ok, I am going to wait.
8. A: We have no more milk. B: Oh, I am going to buy some on the way home.
9. Are you going to play basketball after school today? - No, I have too much work.
10. If you don’t hurry up, we’re going to be late.
11. Shall we play tennis tomorrow? - I’d like to, but I’m going to stay in and study
for the test.
12. Do you have any plans for the future? - Yes, I am going to work on a farm.
13. Do you know how to make a PowerPoint presentation? - Yes. I am going to show
you.

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 14. A: Let’s have a party. B: Great idea. I am going to buy the drink. You get the
food.
15. A: Sorry. We have no more French Fries. B: Ok, I am going to have rice instead.
16. A: John phoned. B: I know. I am going to call him back after dinner.
17. A: John phoned. B: Really? I am going to call him back after dinner.
18. He’s going to have a bad accident if he continues to drive so fast.
19. A: Can you help me fix my computer? B: I am going to have a look at it after
lunch.
20. A: What are you doing with that hammer? B: I’m going to put up a picture.
You can also do in the following link of Google Form
Practice 7 Future Simple Tense: https://forms.gle/Ghtv13x67Mabzmxj6

Practice 18 (Intermediate)

I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the F Present
Simple, Present continuous, Simple Future or Future Continuous Tenses. Do
like the examples.
Present Simple, Present continuous, Simple Future or Future Continuous Tenses.
Example 1: Are you cold? I _______(turn) off the air conditioning.
Your answer: will turn

Example 2: She ______(wait) for us when we arrive.

Your answer: will be waiting

Example 3: Sari ________(work)at 8:00 tonight.

Your answer: is going to be working

Example 4: We __________(watch) a movie tonight.

Your answer: are going to watch

1. Don't call me at 11 o'clock. I ________(fly) to Surabaya.

2. I suppose we _____ (stay) at a hotel next summer.
3. Come to see me in the afternoon. I ______ (work) in the garden.
4. Do you think it ____(snow) at the weekend?
5. Is the coat O.K.? - Yes, I _______ (take) it
6. This time on Sunday we _______ (ski) in Andora.
7. I don't know if I will stay here. Perhaps I _____ (move) to a big city one day
8. Every student _____ (use) a computer in the future.
9. I _______ (call) Kristina. Do you want me to say hello to her?

201
10. Shall we play tennis tomorrow? - I’d like to, but I__________(stay) in and
study for the test.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

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 17.

18.
19. 19. If it _____ (snow) this weekend, we ______ (go) skiing near Lake Tahoe.
20. Your father ____ (plan) to pick you up after school today at 3:00 o'clock.
He_____ (meet) you across the street near the ice cream shop. If something
happens and he cannot be there, I ____ (pick) you up instead.
21. If the people of the world _____ (stop, not) cutting down huge stretches of rain-
forest, we _____(experience) huge changes in the environment during the
twenty-first century.
22. If Venita _____ (keep) drinking, she ______ (lose, eventually) her job.
23. I promise you that I _____ (tell, not) your secret to anybody. Even if somebody
____ (ask) me about what happened that day, I ___ (reveal, not) the truth to a
single person.
24. Melany ____ (make) some major changes in her life. She ______ (quit) her job
and go back to school. After she ____ (finish) studying, she _____ (get) a better-
paying job and buy a house. She is going to improve her life!
25. Renno____ (call when he_____ (arrive) in Barcelona. He ____ (stay) with you
for two or three days until his new apartment ___ (be) available.

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences in Future Simple Tense or
Future Continuous Tenses Some sentences are correct. Do like the examples.

1. I think next season is going to be a wonderful one for our team.

203
 2. See that girl! She will jump into the water with this weather.
3. Are you going to tell me your phone number again, please?
4. Do you have any plans for the future? - Yes, I’m going to work on a farm.
5. Let’s have a party. - Great idea. I’ll buy the drink. You get the food.
6. I’m not ready yet. - That’s ok, I am going to wait.
7. We have no more milk. - Oh, I’ll buy some on the way home.
8. Robert phoned. - I know. I will call him back after dinner.
9. Ursula phoned. - Really? I am going to call her back after dinner.
10. What are you doing with that hammer? - I’m going to put up a picture.
11. I am going to meet Benny and Sanny for a drink later. Do you want to come?
12. The tourists will be going sight-seeing in country all next week.
13. They are going to attend a meeting between 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. today.
14. If you need to contact me sometime next week, I am going to stay at the
Ambarukma Palace Hotel in Yogyakarta.
15. The travelers will be crossing the desert this time tomorrow.

You can also do in the following link of Google Form

Practice 8 Present and Future Tenses: https://forms.gle/UtmhZgJqtK1rtWAb6

Practice 19 (Upper Intermediate)

I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Simple Present,
Present Continuous, Simple Future, and Future Continuous. Do like the
examples.
Example 1: Are you cold? I _______(turn) off the air conditioning.
Your answer: will turn

Example 2: She ______(wait) for us when we arrive.

Your answer: will be waiting

Example 3: Sari ________(work)at 8:00 tonight.

Your answer: is going to be working

Example 4: We __________(watch) a movie tonight.

Your answer: are going to watch

1. The children ____(be) here again at exactly 5 p.m. tomorrow.

2. Our group ______(sail/still) through the Red Sea when you arrive at Cairo.
3. Where ________(you/stay) this time next year?
4. Your shoes _____(be) ready in fifteen minutes.

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5. Cindy ______(sleep) when you come this afternoon.
6. It ______ (rain/still) when we leave.
7. __________(you/come) to tea with us this afternoon?
8. Right now I _______ (watch) TV. Tomorrow at this time I _______ (watch)
TV as well.
9. Tomorrow after school, I _______(go) to Parangtritis Beach.
10. I am going on a dream vacation to Tahiti. While you ______(do) paperwork
and ______(talk) to annoying customers on the phone, I ________(lie) on a
sunny, tropical beach. Are you jealous?
11. We _____(hide) when Teddy ______ (arrive) at his surprise party.
12. As soon as he opens the door, we _____(jump) out and ______(scream),
"Surprise!"
13. We work out at the fitness center every day after work. If you _______
(come) over while we _______ (work) out, we will not be able to let you into
the house. Just to be safe, we _______ (leave) a key under the welcome mat
so you will not have to wait outside.
14. While you _____ (study) at home, Rachel ______ (be) in class.
15. When I get to the party, Lily and Leo will be dancing, Bobby will be making
drinks, Sherly and Sammy will be discussing something controversial, and
Vanessa will be complaining about something unimportant.
They_______(do/always) the same things. They are so predictable.
16. When you ______ (get) off the Argo Lawu Train, we ________(wait) for
you.
17. I am sick of rain and bad weather! Hopefully, when we _____ (wake) up
tomorrow morning, the sun ______ (shine).
18. Melisa ______ (work/not) this time next week. She'll be on holiday.
19. Don't phone me before 8 o'clock, we ________ (have) dinner.
20. Have you heard that Tom____(go) abroad next month?
21. Don't be afraid, I ____(hurt/not) you
22. I ______(move) to the country. Do you think it's a good idea?
23. ______(you/sell) your car?
24. The car is broken down. It _____ (work/not).
25. This is a terrible film Tony! When ____ (it / finish)?
26. Pamela, you must take an umbrella. It ____ (rain).
27. Attention, please! On your marks. The next race _____ (start) at 8.30.
28. I _____ (go) to the cinema with Vania, my classmate, tonight. We already
have tickets.
29. Why are you leaving? Have you finished your work? No, I haven't. But I
_____ (have) a rest now.

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 30. The flight number GA 437 from Jakarta to Yogyakarta _____ (leave) at
11.15.
II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct.
Do like the examples.
Simple Present, Simple Future, Present Continuous, and Future Continuous Tense
1. Lily has a lot of work to do. I doubt she is going to come.
2. We are flying to Yogyakarta tomorrow.
3. I am going to clean today, I will help you.
4. I will move to the country. Do you think it's a good idea?
5. I don't know how to use it. Don't panic, I am going to show you.
6. You can visit me tomorrow. I will not be doing anything important.
7. Can I borrow your car? Sure, I won’t use it until Friday.
8. This time next month I will be enjoying the holidays.
9. I can't go with you, but I will make it up to you.
10. I'm sure that next year this city will be looking much better.
11. Sorry, but I can't come at 5. I am going to play football with my mates.
12. She isn’t seeing Tim tonight or ever again. They broke up last week.
13. The library will close in five minutes and I have four books to return before
they fine me!!
14. After this lesson, I am seeing a friend at McDonald's for a burger and a chat.
15. Are you using your motorbike tonight? I want to borrow it.
16. I want to go and see a Rembrandt exhibition at the National and Portrait
Gallery. It starts tomorrow morning.
17. Go to the supermarket and buy that special shampoo for the dog. I am giving
him a bath tonight.
18. Tina is meeting a friend tomorrow.
19. What time are you leaving tomorrow?
20. Who will win the next World Cup?
You can also do in the following link of Google Form
Practice 9 Present and Future Tenses: https://forms.gle/eEAk75gV6XkGUN137

▪ Evaluation
Grammar Test 2 Sem 2: Future Simple Tense, Present continuous, Simple Future
or Future Continuous Tenses.

I. Put the verbs in the brackets into the most suitable form in the Future Simple or
Future Continuous Tense. Do like the examples. (25 Questions = 25 Points)
Future Simple Tense, Present continuous, Simple Future or Future Continuous
Tenses.

206
 Example 1 : Are you cold? I _______(turn) off the air conditioning.
Your answer: will turn

Example 2: She ______(wait) for us when we arrive.

Your answer: will be waiting

Example 3: Sari ________(work)at 8:00 tonight.

Your answer: is going to be working

Example 4: We __________(watch) a movie tonight.

Your answer: are going to watch

II. Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct.
Do like the examples. (15 Questions = 15 Points)
Future Simple Tense or Future Continuous Tenses.

▪ Affective Evaluation
Affection Rubric

Affection EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR POOR

Rubric
(4) (3) (2) (1)

The students submit The students submit The students fail to The students
COMMIT
and complete all of and complete all of submit one or more don’t submit
MENT the assignments on the assignments on than one of the the
time with excellent time with good assignments and/or

207
(READIN quality, indicated by quality, indicated by show fair quality of assignments at
G) the average of their the average of their assignments, all.
grades (average >/= grades (75 – < 95) indicated by the
95). average of their
grades (less than
75)

The student The student pays The student does The student
always pays attention to the not pay attention does not do
attention to the questions given to the questions all exercises
questions given before starting work, given before and exams.
before starting work on questions starting work,
work, work on without haste, re- work on questions
ACCURAC questions without check the work without haste, re-
Y haste, re-check before submitting it check the work
the work before for all exercises and before submitting
(GRAMM submitting it for all exams. This is it for all exercises
exercises and shown by the results and exams. This
AR) exams. This is of his work by is shown by the
shown by the obtaining a value results of his work
results of his work between 75 and 89. by obtaining a
by obtaining a value between
value between 90 less than 75.
and 100

SERIOUS Students are always Students are often Students are Students are
NESS able to concentrate able to concentrate sometimes able to seldom able to
seriously on every seriously on every concentrate concentrate
(LISTENIN practice and exam. practice and exam. seriously on every seriously on
G) practice and exam. every practice
and exam.

RESPONS Students always Students work on Students do not Students do

IBILITY work on individual individual and group work on individual not work on
and group assignments according and group individual and
(SPEAKIN assignments to the distribution well assignments group
G) according to the and ready to accept according to the assignments
distribution well and the risk of the deed distribution well, according to
ready to accept the what he did but are ready to the distribution
risk of the deed accept the risk of well ready to
what he did the deed what he accept the risk
did of the deed
what he did

208
 PUNCTU The students submit The students submit The students The students
ALITY the essay on or the essay 1 day late. submit the essay don’t submit
(WRITIN before the due date. more than 1 day the essay.
late.
G)

▪ Reflection
Take a few moment, then answer the following questions:
1. How will this help you change the world for the better?
2. How can you apply this lesson to your own life in a meaningful way?
3. How did this lesson make you feel and why?
4. How will it help you improve the quality of your life and the lives of others?

Enrichment
Enrichment 1:
Complete the following with the correct form (Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present
Perfect simple, Present Perfect Continuous, or Past Simple).
https://forms.gle/95SBfRw82PHCa3B67

1. Would you like a cup of coffee? Yes, please. I ______ (not have) one yet this morning.
2. How long _____ you _____ (know) John? 3 years
3. She ______ (already see) the movie 3 times.
4. They ______ (not / believe) you.
5. He always ______ (cook) dinner at the weekend.
6. He______ (do) his homework at the moment.
7. What ______ you _____ (think) about? Is everything okay?.
8. She _____ (study) for her English grammar test. She won't pass.
9. How long ______ you ______ (know) her? We ______ (be) friends for 15 years.
10. He never ______ (finish) his work at school.
11. he _____ (walk) to school today because it ______ (rain).
12. The train usually ______ (arrive) at 5p.m. but it's late today.
13. Don't eat the meat, if you ________ (not like) it.
14. I ______ (make) pizza for dinner tonight! Great! I _____ (love) pizza. It's my favourite.
15. It never ______ (rain) in the summer.

209
 16. Careful! I _____ just (break) a glass! Put on some shoes!
17. They ______ (go) on holiday very often. It's too expensive.
18. We ______ (think) it's a great idea to _____ (have) a party for her birthday.
19. She always ______ (study) for her English test.
20. It ______ (rain) every weekend so far this winter.
21. Most teenagers ______ (spend) too much time on their telephones.
22. ____ you _____ (be) to the supermarket yet?
23. _________ (you ever be) to New York? Yes, in 1990.
24. I ______ (not believe) you _____ (do) your homework by yourself.
25. How long _____ you _____ (live) in this house? For almost 5 years now.
26. He _____ (finish) his English grammar exercises. Now, we can start his maths homework.
27. It ______ (rain)! We must take an umbrella.
28. Where ____ (go)? Home. It ______ (get) late.
29. I _______ (read) half the book so far.
30. _____ they ____ (build) the new school? Yes, it's ready.
31. Look! The train _____ (arrive)
32. He _____ (work) late today. He ______ (work) late every Wednesday.
33. Is Mark here? No. He ______ just (leave).
34. Where's my phone? _____ you ______ (see) it?
35. _____ you _____ (know) Mark? Yes, we met for the first time yesterday.
36. She ______ (have) a great time at the party. She _____ (love) playing with her friends.
37. _____ you ______ (do) an English grammar exercise right now?
38. How often ____ you ____ (go) to the gym? Once or twice a month.
39. _____ your sister ______ (know) how to drive a car?
40. She ________ (be) in hospital for 2 weeks now.

Enrichment 2:
Complete the following with the correct form (Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present
Perfect simple, Present Perfect Continuous, or Past Simple).

https://forms.gle/dfKNL9iUpwiBTzvPA

1. Alan ___ (graduate) from university last month.

2. There ___ (be) a large earthquake in Japan in 1995.
3. I like to exercise, but I ______ (not/exercise) yet this week.
4. My brother ____ (never/go) to university.
5. John and Lisa _____ (be) married since 2010.
6. Recently, it ______ (not/be) very hot.
7. My brother ____ (not/be) to the dentist for a long time.
8. My wife and I _____ (be) married for 1 year. So far we ____ (not/have) any big problems.
9. I started writing my essay two hours ago, and I still ______ (not/finish) yet.

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10. A: Where's John? --- B: I don't know. I ____ (not/see) him today.
11. A: _____ (you/ever/be) to Hawaii? --- B: Yes. Twice.
12. A: When ____ (you/get) your dog? --- B: Last summer.
13. A: How long ____ (you/study) English? --- B: Five years.
14. A: Do you know anyone who _____ (be) to Thailand? --- B: Yes, my sister.
15. A:________ (you/see) my keys today? --- B: Yes. I ____ (see) them this morning on the
kitchen table.
16. A: Would you like half my sandwich? --- B: I _____ (just/eat) lunch, so I'm not hungry. Thanks
for asking though.
17. Peter ____ (live) in Japan from 2001 until 2005. Now, he lives in Chicago. He _____ (live) in
Chicago
18. since he ____ (leave) Japan. He works as a chef at a nice French restaurant. He ____ (work)
there.
19. For almost two years. Laura is an excellent golfer. She _____ (play) since she __ (be) 8 years
old. Now, she's a professional. She ______ (also/coach) for several years. She ____ (start)
coaching me last year.
20. Since then, I _____ (become) a much better player.
21. My sister _____ (watch) TV for four hours. She should take a break.
22. I'm hungry. I ____ (not/have) anything to eat yet today.
23. It ____ (rain) since noon. I wish it would stop.
24. A: When is the bus coming? --- B: I don't know. I hope it comes soon. I __ (wait) for half an
hour.
25. George is my best friend. I ____ (know) him since I ____ (be) five years old.
26. The Johnsons are trying to find a house to buy. They ____ (look) for four months. They ___
(not/find) anything yet.
27. The weather ____ (be) so nice recently. I love summer.
28. You _____ (do) these exercises for several minutes.
29. _________ (you/make) any mistakes?
30. A: Hi John. I ____ (not/see) you in a long time! How ___ (you/be) lately?
B: Great! It's nice to see you. How are you?
31. A: I'm doing great too. Hey, Sarah ____ (tell) me that you have a new job.
B: Yes, at Campbell's Auto Insurance. I'm doing accounting, of course. I ____ (only/be) there
for a month but it seems pretty good. And what's new with you?
32. A: Well, I ___ (move) into a new apartment last month with Jacob.
B: Jacob?
33. A: My boyfriend. You ____ (not/meet) him. We _____ (be) together for half a year now.
B: Good for you. And what does Jacob do?
34. A: He's an accountant too. Actually, he's searching for a job now. He ____ (look) for a few
months now, but he _______ (not/find) anything good yet.
B: I know how he feels. I _____ (have) about five interviews at different companies before I
_____ (find) my job. I'm sure he'll find something.
35. A: I hope so. Okay, I ____ (get) to get going. It was nice talking to you, John. Have a nice day.

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Enrichment 3:
I. Complete the following with the correct form (Future simple or Future continuous Tense).
https://forms.gle/CSxHGfetD7ZrCBVy6

1. John told us that he _____ (work) when we arrive at the station so we will have to get a taxi.

2. I _____ ( help) you with the barbeque if you like.

3. David ____ (play) at the club tonight. We should go and see him. He’s a great sax player.

4. I _____ (be) a little late tomorrow so I’ll probably miss the start of the ceremony.

5. I’d like to know who ____ (clean up) all the mess after the party because it is not going to be
me.

6. I ______ (call) you if I have any problems.

7. There is a serious problem. I ______ (call) at around 4.pm to discuss it.

8. You _____ (receive) an answer to your proposals by tomorrow.

II. Complete the following with the correct form (Present Simple, Present Continuous, Future
Simple or Future Continuous).
1. The train __________ (to arrive) at 12:30.
2. We __________ (to have) dinner at a seaside restaurant on Sunday.
3. It __________(to snow) in Brighton tomorrow evening.
4. On Friday at 8 o’clock I __________ (to meet) my friend.
5. Paul __________ (to fly) to London on Monday morning.
6. Wait! I __________ (to drive) you to the station.
7. The English lesson __________ (to start) at 8:45.
8. Are you still writing your essay? If you __________ (to finish) by 4pm, we can go for a
walk.
9. I __________ (to see) my mother in April.
10. Look at the clouds – it __________ (to rain) in a few minutes.
11. You’re carrying too much. I __________ (to open) the door for you.
12. When I __________ (to see) you tomorrow, I __________ (show) you my new book.
13. After you __________ (to take) a nap, you __________ (to feel) a lot better
14. I’m sorry but you need to stay in the office until you __________ (to finish) your work.
15. I __________ (to buy) the cigarettes from the corner shop when it __________ (to open).
16. I __________ (to let) you know the second the builders __________ (to finish) decorating.

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 17. Before we __________ (to start) our lesson, we __________ (to have) a review.
18. We __________ (to wait) in the shelter until the bus __________ (to come).
19. I’m very sorry, Dr. Jones __________ (not be) back in the clinic until 2pm.
20. I don’t think you __________ (to have) any problems when you land in Boston.
21. In three years I __________ (to live) in a different country.
22. When you __________ (to get) off the train, I __________ (to wait) for you by the ticket
machine.
23. __________ (to take) your children with you to France?
24. This time next week I __________ (ski) in Switzerland!
25. Now I __________ (to check) my answers.

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References
1. Thomson & Martinet, “A Practical English Grammar”
2. Thomson & Martinet, “A Practical English Grammar, Exercises 1, 2”
3. R. Murphy, “English Grammar in Use”
4. Martin Hewings, “Advanced Grammar in Use”
5. W. Stannard Allen, ”Living English Structure”
6. https://www.twinkl.co.id/teaching-wiki/specific-objectives-of-teaching-english-grammar
7. https://www.englishpage.com/index.html
8. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference/past-tense
9. https://www.english-at-home.com/grammar/present-tenses-in-english/
10. https://www.englishpage.com/irregularverbs/irregularverbs.html
11. https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfect.html
12. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference/present-perfect
13. https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-or-past-simple.html
14. https://www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/present-continuous-tense/present-continuous-
tense-uses.html#.XzJhySgzbIU
15. https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/stative-verbs.html
16. https://pediaa.com/difference-between-present-simple-and-present-
continuous/https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplefuture.html
17. https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_future.htm
18. https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfectcontinuous.html
19. https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-perfect-continuous.htm
20. https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-perfect-continuous.htm

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