1) How do all viruses differ from bacteria?

D) Viruses are not composed of cells.

2) Which of the following statements provides the most significant support for the idea that viruses are nonliving
chemicals?
C) They cannot reproduce themselves outside a host.
3) Which of the following statements about viral spikes is FALSE?
E) They are found only on nonenveloped viruses.
4) Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to classify viruses?
A) biochemical tests
5) Which of the following is NOT utilized to culture viruses?
B) culture media
6) Bacteriophages and animal viruses do NOT differ significantly in which one of the following steps?
D) biosynthesis
7) The definition of lysogeny is
A) phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA.
8) A viroid is a(n)
B) infectious piece of RNA without a capsid.
9) In Figure 13.1, which structure is a complex virus?
B) b
10) The structures illustrated in Figure 13.1 are composed of
D) Capsomeres.
11) A clear area against a confluent "lawn" of bacteria is called a
D) plaque.
12) Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in that
D) continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations.
13) Which of the following is necessary for replication of a prion?
D) PrPSc
14) A persistent infection is one in which
C) the disease process occurs gradually over a long period.
15) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
E) The prophage makes the host cell immune to infection by other phages.
16) Lysogeny can result in all of the following EXCEPT
C) immunity to reinfection by any phage.
17) Which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - (minus) strand of RNA?
B) synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template
18) An infectious protein is a
B) prion.
19) An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps?
E) release
20) Which of the following statements is NOT true of lysogeny?
E) It causes lysis of host cells.
21) An example of a latent viral infection is
B) cold sores.
22) A virus's ability to infect an animal cell depends primarily upon the
B) presence of receptor sites on the cell membrane.
23) Assume you have isolated an unknown virus. This virus has a single, positive sense strand of RNA, and possesses an
envelope. To which group does it most likely belong?
D) togavirus
24) The mechanism whereby an enveloped virus leaves a host cell is called
B) budding.
25) The most conclusive evidence that viruses cause cancers is provided by
C) cancer following injection of cell-free filtrates.
26) Bacteriophages derive all of the following from the host cell EXCEPT
A) lysozyme..
27) Bacteriophage replication differs from animal virus replication because only bacteriophage replication involves
D) injection of naked nucleic acid into the host cell.
28) Generally, in an infection caused by a DNA-containing virus, the host animal cell supplies all of the following
EXCEPT
C) DNA polymerase.

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29) Which of the following places these items in the correct order for DNA-virus replication?
B) 2; 3; 4; 1
30) A viral species is a group of viruses that
B) has the same genetic information and ecological niche.
31) Viruses that utilize reverse transcriptase belong to the virus families
C) Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae.
32) DNA made from an RNA template will be incorporated into the virus capsid of
C) Hepadnaviridae.
33) Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE?
D) Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes.
34) A lytic virus has infected a patient. Which of the following would best describe what is happening inside the patient?
A) The virus is causing the death of the infected cells in the patient.
35) Some viruses, such as human herpesvirus 1, infect a cell without causing symptoms. These are called
A) latent viruses.
36) Assume a patient had chickenpox (human herpesvirus 3) as a child. Which line on the graph in Figure 13.2 would
show the number of viruses present in this person as a 60-year-old with shingles (human herpesvirus 3)?
E) e
37) Assume a patient has influenza. During which time on the graph in Figure 13.2 would the patient show the symptoms
of the illness?
C) c
38) The following steps occur during multiplication of herpesviruses. Which is the third step?
E) uncoating
39) The following steps occur during multiplication of retroviruses. Which is the fourth step?
A) synthesis of double-stranded DNA
40) Oncogenic viruses
C) cause tumors to develop.
41) Which one of the following steps does NOT occur during multiplication of a picornavirus?
D) synthesis of DNA
42) Which of the following is most likely a product of an early gene?
B) DNA polymerase
43) Most RNA viruses carry which of the following enzymes?
C) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
44) The following steps occur during biosynthesis of a + strand RNA virus. What is the third step?
C) synthesis of - strand RNA
45) What contributes to antigenic shift in influenza viruses?
B) a segmented genome
46) ________ were first identified in cancer-causing viruses and can induce ________ in infected cells.
B) Oncogenes; transformation
1) The basic mechanism of viral multiplication is similar for all viruses.
Answer: TRUE
2) A viroid is a completely developed infectious agent composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a capsid.
Answer: FALSE
3) Binomial nomenclature is used to name viruses.
Answer: FALSE
4) Glycoprotein spikes are found on the capsids of all viruses.
Answer: FALSE
5) Positive sense RNA strands of viruses are treated like mRNA inside the host cell.
Answer: TRUE
6) Dogs do not get measles because their cells lack the correct receptor sites for that virus.
Answer: TRUE
7) Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus envelope.
Answer: FALSE
8) Viruses are the only known infectious agents that are obligatory intracellular parasites.
Answer: FALSE
9) A segmented genome can result in antigenic shift.
Answer: TRUE
10) Most drugs that interfere with viral multiplication also interfere with host cell function.
Answer: TRUE
1) Which of the following is directly involved in the initiation of dental caries?

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C) lactic acid
2) Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is usually preceded by
C) extended use of antibiotics.
3) Which of the following statements about salmonellosis is FALSE?
D) The mortality rate is high.
4) Disease-causing exotoxins are produced by all of the following organisms EXCEPT
C) Shigella dysenteriae
5) Which one of the following diseases of the gastrointestinal system is transmitted by the respiratory route?
B) mumps
6) The digestive tract is essentially one long tube. The order of the structures, beginning with the mouth, is
A) pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
7) Which of the following helminthic diseases is a common infestation found in the southeastern United States?
B) Ascaris lumbricoides
8) Poultry products are a likely source of infection by
B) Salmonella enterica.
9) All of the following infections can result from drinking contaminated water EXCEPT
C) trichinellosis.
10) Which of the following organisms feeds on red blood cells?
E) Entamoeba histolytica
11) In humans, beef tapeworm infestations are acquired by ingesting
D) cysticerci of Taenia saginata in undercooked meat.
12) Which of the following statements about staphylococcal food poisoning is FALSE?
C) It can be prevented by heating foods to 50°C for 15 minutes.
13) The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is
D) Escherichia coli.
14) Acute gastroenteritis that occurs after an incubation period of two to three days and commonly affects children is
probably caused by
B) rotavirus.
15) Which of the following is mismatched?
A) hydatid disease — humans are the definitive host
16) Thorough cooking of food will prevent all of the following EXCEPT
C) staphylococcal food poisoning.
17) Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the
D) small intestine and large intestine.
18) Gums bleeding while brushing one's teeth is most commonly associated with
C) gingivitis.
19) Typhoid fever differs from salmonellosis in that in typhoid fever
B) the incubation period is much longer.
20) Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via contaminated shrimp?
B) Vibrio parahaemolyticus
21) Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via undercooked pork and horse?
C) Trichinella spiralis
22) A vaccine to provide active immunity to HBV is prepared from
B) genetically modified yeast.
23) Aflatoxin is a(n) ________ associated with ingestion of contaminated ________.
A) mycotoxin; peanuts
24) Which of the following causes inflammation of the liver?
C) hepatitis A virus
25) "Rice water stools" are characteristic of
B) cholera.
26) Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestive system are typically caused by
B) contaminated food and water.
27) Many bacterial infections of the lower digestive tract are treated with
C) water and electrolytes.
28) Dental plaque is an example of
B) a biofilm.
29) Which of the following is mismatched?
B) Salmonella endotoxin — lyses red blood cells
30) Bacterial intoxications differ from bacterial infections of the digestive system in that intoxications

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C) have shorter incubation times.
31) The most common mode of HAV transmission is
A) contamination of food during preparation.
32) Which of the following correctly lists the stages of tooth decay?
A) plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth
pulp
33) A 38-year-old man had onset of fever, chills, nausea, and myalgia while vacationing on the Gulf of Mexico. On April
29, he had eaten raw oysters and gone wading in the warm coastal waters. On May 2, he was admitted to a hospital
because of a fever of 39°C and two circular necrotic lesions on the left leg. He had a history of alcoholic liver disease. He
was transferred to the ICU; therapy with antibiotics was initiated. On May 4, he died. Which of the following is the most
likely cause?
D) Vibrio vulnificus
34) Which of the following is included in GALT?
B) Peyer's patches
35) Microscopic examination of a patient's fecal culture shows spiral bacteria. The bacteria probably belong to the genus
A) Campylobacter jejuni.
36) Which of the following pertains to typhoid fever?
D) Causative microorganism multiplies in patient phagocytes.
37) All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT
A) Clostridium perfringens.
38) Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it
C) possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl.
39) All of the following are eukaryotic organisms that cause diarrheal disease EXCEPT
E) Campylobacter.
40) All of the following pertain to pinworm infections EXCEPT
D) it is most commonly transmitted by cysts in water.
41) What is a Dane particle?
B) the infectious virion that causes HBV
42) Which of the following is mismatched?
C) eggs — Trichinella spiralis
43) In Situation 25.1, fecal samples should be cultured for all of the following EXCEPT
E) Giardia lamblia.
44) In Situation 25.1, fecal samples were found to be negative when cultured. The next step in diagnosing the cause of
illness would be
C) microscopic examination of feces for oocysts.
The relative risks shown in Table 25.1 were calculated for foods suspected of transmitting Salmonella. Which food is the
most likely source of infection?
C) jalapeño peppers
1) Campylobacter gastroenteritis is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States.
Answer: TRUE
2) Dental caries can also be referred to as periodontal disease.
Answer: FALSE
3) Bacterial infections, but not intoxications, can cause diarrhea.
Answer: FALSE
4) An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis occurs in a pediatrics ward. Rotavirus is the most likely causative agent. Answer:
TRUE
5) Aflatoxin poisoning is associated with liver cancer. Answer: TRUE
6) Approximately 30 percent of the body's immune system is located in the intestinal tract.
Answer: FALSE
7) Lactic acid, an end product of fructose fermentation, causes breakdown of tooth enamel and, eventually, cavities.
Answer: TRUE
8) Gastroenteritis due to ingestion of food contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus is due to intoxication by enterotoxins.
Answer: TRUE
9) EHEC is a major cause of diarrhea in developing countries and may result in the death of small children.
Answer: FALSE
10) H. pylori is able to survive the acidic environment of the stomach as a result of adaptations that allow it to increase the
pH of the immediate environment. Answer: TRUE

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