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Work and Energy PPT PDF Free

1) The potential energy of a roller coaster at a height of 122 ft is converted to kinetic energy as it gains speed of 52 mi/h downhill. 2) Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and is calculated as 1/2mv^2, while potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or state. 3) The work-energy theorem states that the work done on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy, allowing calculations involving force, distance, and changes in speed.

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Blve Charmie Amante
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962 views

Work and Energy PPT PDF Free

1) The potential energy of a roller coaster at a height of 122 ft is converted to kinetic energy as it gains speed of 52 mi/h downhill. 2) Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and is calculated as 1/2mv^2, while potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or state. 3) The work-energy theorem states that the work done on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy, allowing calculations involving force, distance, and changes in speed.

Uploaded by

Blve Charmie Amante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Work and Energy

The Ninja, a roller coaster at Six Flags


over Georgia, has a height of 122 ft and
a speed of 52 mi/h. The potential energy
due to its height changes into kinetic
energy of motion.
Goals:

• Define kinetic energy and potential


energy, along with the appropriate
units in each system.
• Describe the relationship between
work and kinetic energy, and apply the
WORK-ENERGY THEOREM.
Energy
Energy is anything that can be con-
verted into work; i.e., anything that
can exert a force through a
distance.
distance

Energy is the capability for doing


work.
Potential Energy

Potential Energy: Stored energy.

A suspended weight A stretched bow


Example Problem: What is the
potential energy of a 50-kg person
in a skyscraper if he is 480 m above
the street below?
Gravitational Potential
Energy
What is the P.E. of a 50-kg
person at a height of 480 m?
U = mgh = (50 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(480
m)
U
U== 235
235 kJ
kJ
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion.
If an object is moving, it has kinetic
energy. (Mass with velocity)
A speeding car
or a space
rocket
Examples of Kinetic
Energy
What is the kinetic energy of a 5-g
bullet traveling at 200 m/s?
5g K  mv  (0.005 kg)(200 m/s)
1
2
2 1
2
2

200 KK =
= 100
100 JJ
m/s
What is the kinetic energy of a
1000-kg car traveling at 14.1 m/s?
K  mv  (1000 kg)(14.1 m/s)
1
2
2 1
2
2

KK =
= 99.4
99.4 kJ
kJ
orkFx(m
W m
vo

a)x;
Work and Kinetic Energy
A resultant force changes the velocity
of an object and does work on that

F
object.
x

Work  mv  mv
1
2
2
f
m

1
2
vf

a

2
0
2
f
F

v v
2x
2
0
The Work-Energy Theorem
Work is
equal to the Work  2 mv f  2 mv0
1 2 1 2

change in
½mv2
If we define kinetic energy as ½mv2
then we can state a very important
physical principle:
The Work-Energy Theorem: The work
done by a resultant force is equal to
the change in kinetic energy that it
produces.
Example 1: A 20-g projectile strikes a
mud bank, going a distance of 6 cm
before stopping. Find the stopping
80 6 cm
force F if the initial
0 velocity is 80 m/s.
m/s
Work = ½ mv - ½ mv
Work = ½ mvf - ½ mvi
2
x
2

F x= - ½ mvi2 F=?

F (0.06 m) cos 1800 = - ½ (0.02 kg)(80


m/s)2
F (0.06 m)(-1) = -64 J FF =
= 1067
1067 N
N
Work to stop bullet = change in K.E. for
bullet
Example 2: A bus slams on brakes to
avoid an accident. The tread marks of
the tires are 25 m long. If  = 0.7,
Work = KE
what=was
Work the)speed before applying
F(cos
brakes? 25
x m Ff
Ff = .FN =  mg
Work = -  mg 0
KE = ½ mvf2 - ½ mvi2
x
KEi 2== - mg x
-½ mv vi = 2gx
Work
vvi i =
= 18.5
18.5
vi = 2(0.7)(9.8 m/s )(25 m)
2
m/s
m/s
Power
Power is defined as the rate at
which work is done: (P = W/t )
Work
Work FFgg rr
Power 
Power 
time
time tt

Power
Power of
of 11 W
W is
is work
work done
done at
at rate
rate of
of 11
J/s
J/s
Example of Power
What power is consumed in
lifting a 70-kg robber 1.6 m in
0.50
Fh s?mgh
P 
t t
2
(70 kg)(9.8 m/s )(1.6 m)
P
0.50 s

Power
Power Consumed:
Consumed: PP =
= 2220
2220
W
W
Example 3: A 100-kg cheetah moves
from rest to 30 m/s in 4 s. What is the
power?
Recognize that work is equal
to the change in kinetic
energy: Work
Work  12 mv f  12 mv0
2 2
P
t m = 100 kg
1
mv 2f (100 kg)(30 m/s) 2
1
P 2
 2
t 4s

Power
Power Consumed:
Consumed: PP =
= 1.22
1.22
kW
kW

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