BOXING

- Boxing is a combat sport that involves fighting with fists. Traditionally, boxing has also been
referred to as “pugilism,” which literally means, “fist fight.” Fights take place in an area called a
“ring,” and consist of timed rounds. Winners are decided by points or by knocking out an
opponent. A referee runs the fight inside the ring while judges outside the ring ultimately decide
who wins the match.
HISTORY

Historical evidence suggests humans have been engaging in fisticuffs in

one form or another throughout history. Sumerian relief carvings
depicting boxing have been found dating as far back as the third
millennium BC, and fighting as a form of sport has been traced back to
c.1500 BC.

Boxing was popular in ancient Rome, especially as a spectator sport

between gladiators. Over time, the leather wrapping used to protect
fighters’ hands was replaced by studded metal gloves. Unfortunately,
this usually resulted in death for one of the fighters.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, competitive boxing mostly

disappeared for several centuries. The sport resurfaced in 17th century
England in the form of bare knuckle fighting.
As boxing’s popularity grew, so did the amounts of money that wealthy
aristocrats gambled on their favorite fighters. Because of this, rules
were instituted and the sport started to become more organized.

While the idea of weight classes was introduced somewhere in the early
1820’s, it wasn’t until around the turn of the 20th century that weight
classes were finally standardized in an effort to even the odds between
boxers in a fight.

In 1867, the Queensbury Rules were instituted, paving the way for
modern boxing by standardizing ring size, length of rounds, and
behavior. The Queensbury rules also required fighters to wear gloves,
forever changing the sport. Fighters could now hit harder, increasing
the degree of injury that could be inflicted during a fight.

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On June 18, 1923, Francisco "Pancho Villa" Guilledo beat Jimmy Wilde to become the
world flyweight boxing champion, an accomplishment that was (and remains) a
matter of great pride to people of Filipino descent. Unfortunately, while there has
been some documentation of the many excellent Filipino boxers who subsequently
followed Guilledo to the United States, there has not been as much attention paid to
documenting the origins of boxing in the Philippines

BOXING FACILITIES
 5m Boxing Ring
 Boxing Bag Rig with 18 Bags
 130m2 Wrestling/Jiu Jitsu Mat area
 Cardio studio, Treadmills, Cross Trainers, Bikes, Rowers, Grinders and Spin Bikes
 S&C including Olympic Weights, Dumbbells, Cable Machines and Benches
 Power Cage and Lifting Platform
 Functional Training including Kettle bells, TRX, Plyo boxes
Boxing Basic training equipment

 12-16 oz. boxing gloves. People use different weights for

different things but if you are looking for an all-in-one glove
for both hitting bags and sparring you can’t go wrong with a
16oz. If you have smaller hands or are primarily hitting
speed bags then consider something lighter.
 Hand Wraps. To prevent injury you wrap these cloth and
elastic strips around your hands and wrists for training and
competition. They compress your hands and provide wrist
and knuckle support. Get them, learn how to wrap your
hands and you will save yourself from lots of pain.
 Boxing shoes. Boxing shoes are tight-fitting, lightweight,
high-top shoes with thin rubber soles designed for fast
footwork, traction, ankle support and breathability. You
don’t necessarily need them when first starting out but once
you pick up a pair you’ll wonder how you ever boxed in
running shoes. Also, many gyms won’t let you train in street
shoes.
 Protective gear. A mouth guard is essential when sparring or
in competition to protect your teeth and reduce concussion
risk. Don’t be a fool and get a tooth knocked out. Other
protective equipment for sparring includes a cup and
headgear to protect your groin, face and ears.
 Jump rope. Jumping rope is a fundamental part of
conditioning and training. There are plenty of fancy boxing
jump ropes but pretty much anything will do when you are
starting out.

Types of Boxing
 Kickboxing. As the name implies, kickboxing incorporates
strikes with the legs and feet in addition to punching with
the arms and fists. However, where modern boxing is
 Western in origin, kickboxing is actually Eastern in origin and
incorporates aspects of martial arts such as karate.
 Muay Thai. Muay Thai is Thai boxing, and incorporates
strikes with the fists, elbows, knees, and shins.
 Shadow boxing. In shadow boxing, punches are thrown in
the air, without a target. Shadow boxing is used to practice
technique and as a warm-up activity.
 Fitness boxing. In fitness boxing, there is no contact
between participants. Boxing moves are used strictly for
fitness, and participants either shadow box or use punching
bags

The Basic Skills Of Boxing

Good boxing stance
The importance of a good stance cannot be stressed enough. A good stance
provides balance, and is a key to both attacking and defensive techniques.
Boxers should be able to throw a punch without losing their balance. Being off
balance allows an opponent to get in with their own blows. To assume a good
boxing stance, you need to do the following:
 Stand sideways to the target, so that you lead with the shoulder
opposite that of your strong punching hand. A right-handed boxer
should point their left shoulder toward the target.
 Feet should be kept shoulder width apart, then step forward one pace
with the left foot and line up the heel of your left foot with the toes of
your other foot.
 Turn both feet at a 45 degree angle to your target. Your weight should
be evenly distributed to provide a firm, steady platform.
 Bend your knees and hips slightly, keeping your back fairly straight and
lift your back heel off the floor, no more than about 7.5cm (3in).
 Tuck your elbows in close to your sides and raise your forearms so that
they shield the chest.
  Hold the left glove out at shoulder height and keep it far enough out to
attack, but close enough to draw back quickly in defense.
 The right glove should be held underneath the chin with the wrist turned
inwards.
Punching
There are four main punches in boxing:
 Jab — a sudden punch.
 Cross — a straight punch.
 Hook — a short side punch.
 Uppercut — a short swinging upward punch.
The Jab (Left Jab)

This is the simplest but most-used punch in boxing, and likely to be the first
punch any beginner would learn. The jab can be used both for attack or
defense, and is useful to keep the opponent at bay to set up bigger blows.
 Hold your left hand up high with your elbow in close to your body.
 Aim for the opponent's chin with the back knuckles.
 Rotate the arm so that the punch lands with the thumb making a small
clockwise turn inwards.
 Slide the left foot forward before impact and snap the hand back ready
to deliver another jab.
 The chin should be dropped to the shoulder to protect it, and the right
hand held high ready to block any counter punches.
The Cross

A ‘straight right’
This is the most powerful and damaging punch, but it may leave the boxer
open to a counterattack if it fails to connect. It is best used in a combination of
punches, usually after the opponent’s defense has opened up after being hit
with a good left jab.
 Drive off the back foot and pivot the hips and shoulders into the punch
for maximum power.
  Straighten the right arm so that it is at full stretch on impact.
 Keep the left hand in a guarding position to avoid a counter.

A ‘straight left’
This is a good way of keeping an opponent on the back foot.
 From the basic stance simply straighten your left arm and twist your
hips and shoulders into the punch.
 The first will automatically twist so the knuckles are up and the palm
downwards just before impact.
 If there is room, slide the left foot forward for the blow, but quickly bring
up the right foot to maintain balance.

Hook

The hook comes from the side so can catch the opponent unaware as it
initially comes from out of their vision. The hook requires the boxer to arch
and turn their body into a punch. It can be made with either the left or right
arm.
A right hook
 Bring the chin down to the inside of the left shoulder to protect it.
 Pivot the toes, hips and hand in the direction of the punch.
 Turn your hand over so that at the point of impact, the palm faces down.

Uppercut

The uppercut can be a great knockout punch and is delivered at close

quarters. It comes up from underneath, has an element of surprise, and is
usually aimed at the jaw with either hand. One drawback is that if it doesn’t
take the opponent out, there is a big chance they will be able to deliver a
counterattack.
  To make a right uppercut, transfer the weight onto the right foot and
twist the shoulders and hips to the left, bringing the right first directly up
into the target.
 Leaning back too much will send the boxer off balance.

Rules of Boxing
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The rules of boxing vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and on whether it is an amateur
or professional bout. A violation of the following rules is considered a foul, and can
result in a warning, point deduction, or disqualification by the referee:

 You cannot hit below the belt, hold, trip, kick, headbutt, wrestle, bite, spit on, or push your
opponent.
 You cannot hit with your head, shoulder, forearm, or elbow.
 You cannot hit with an open glove, the inside of the glove, the wrist, the backhand, or the
side of the hand.
 You cannot punch your opponent's back, or the back of his head or neck (rabbit punch),
or on the kidneys (kidney punch).
 You cannot throw a punch while holding on to the ropes to gain leverage.
 You can't hold your opponent and hit him at the same time, or duck so low that your
head is below your opponent's belt line.
 When the referee breaks you from a clinch, you have to take a full step back; you cannot
immediately hit your opponent--that's called "hitting on the break" and is illegal.
 You cannot spit out your mouthpiece on purpose to get a rest.
 If you score a knockdown of your opponent, you must go to the farthest neutral
corner while the referee makes the count.
 If you "floor" your opponent, you cannot hit him when he's on the canvas.
 A floored boxer has up to ten seconds to get back up on his feet before losing the bout
by knockout.
 A boxer who is knocked down cannot be saved by the bell in any round, depending upon
the local jurisdiction's rules.
 A boxer who is hit with an accidental low blow has up to five minutes to recover. If s/he
cannot continue after five minutes, s/he is considered knocked out.
 If the foul results in an injury that causes the fight to end immediately, the boxer who
committed the foul is disqualified.
 If the foul causes an injury but the bout continues, the referee orders the judges to
deduct two points from the boxer who caused the injury.
 If an unintentional foul causes the bout to be stopped immediately, the bout is ruled a
"no contest" if four rounds have not been fully completed. (If the bout was scheduled for
 four rounds, then three rounds must have been completed.) If four rounds have been
completed, the judges' scorecards are tallied and the fighter who is ahead on points is
awarded a technical decision. If the scores are even, it will be called a "technical draw."
 If a boxer is knocked out of the ring, he gets a count of 20 to get back in and on his feet.
He cannot be assisted.
 In some jurisdictions the standing eight-count or the three knockdown rule also may be
in effect.
 In other jurisdictions, only the referee can stop the bout.

Boxing can be confusing, with all the terms used to describe the
different moves during a bout. Here are some of the most essential
terms you will need to know.

Bout

A bout refers to a match, normally meaning an organised fight in a

playing area.

Clinch

Clinching refers to the act of leaning excessively on the opponent for

support. If both boxers are clinching, the referee will call for a break.

Combination

As its name suggest, a combination is a series of punches thrown in

quick succession.

Knockdown

A knockdown happens when a boxer falls to the ground of the boxing

ring as a result of a blow from the opponent. The boxer has to have at
least one part of his body other than his feet on the ground for it to be
considered a knockdown.

Knock Out (KO)

A knock out is an automatic win for the opponent, and refers to a
player being knocked down for more than 10 seconds. The referee will
start counting down from 10 once a player has been knocked down, and
the player has to regain his position in order to continue the round.

Low Blow

As its name suggests, a low blow is a blow below the belt. A low blow
can result in a foul.

Neutral Corner

A neutral corner refers to the corner that a boxer has to retreat to after
he knocks down his opponent. This is different from the assigned corner
that each boxer has to go to during breaks.

Parry

Parrying refers to the act of blocking a blow from the opponent using the
glove.

Ring

A ring is the playing area of the match, and is often a raised platform
with ropes on all four sides.

Rounds

A match is made up of several pre-determined number of rounds. Each

round lasts three minutes, with one minute breaks between each round.

Split Decision

A split decision refers to two out of three judges scoring one boxer as the
winner, while the third judge named the opponent the winner.
Standing Count of Eight

The referee might pause the round and count to eight if he notices a
boxer looking unwell or hurt, even if the player has not been knocked
down.

Technical Knock Out

A technical knock out occurs when one of the boxers is deemed too
unwell or hurt to continue fighting, despite the fact that he is still
standing. This can be preceded by a standing count of eight before the
other boxer is declared the winner.  

Weight Classes

Boxing matches are divided into different classes based on the weight

of the boxers, in order to make a  match fair. There are 17 alphabetical
weight classes in boxing.

Weigh In

A weigh in occurs before the match takes place, and refers to weighing
both boxers in order to ensure they are  suitable to fight in their weight
class.
Boxing officials