JEE MAIN SYLLABUS

Function: one-one, into and onto functions, Composition of functions.

JEE ADVANCED SYLLABUS

Real valued functions of a real variable, into, onto and one-to-one functions, sum, difference, product and
quotient of two functions, composite functions, absolute value, polynomials, rational, trigonometric,
exponential and logarithmic functions.

Even and odd functions, inverse of a function, continuity of composite functions.

CONTENTS

Theory
Ÿ
JEE MAIN EXERCISE
Ÿ
JEE ADVANCED EXERCISE
Ÿ
Previous Year Problems (Main/Advanced)
Ÿ
Answers

FUNCTION
 FUNCTION
DEFINITION
“A relation from a non–empty set X to a non–empty set Y is a rule (or correspondence) that
assigns every element of X to a unique element of Y is called a function”. It is denoted by

f : X → Y or X ⎯⎯
f
→Y

which reads ‘f is a function from X to Y’ or ‘f maps X to Y’,

If an element x  X is associated with an element y  Y, then
• y = f (x)
• y is called ‘the f image of x’ or ‘image of x under f ’ or ‘the value of the function f at x’.
• Also x is called the ‘pre-image of y’ or ‘argument of y under the function f’.

DOMAIN, CO–DOMAIN, RANGE:

Let f : X ⎯→ Y be a function
Domain : Set ‘X’ is called domain of the function ‘f ’(denoted by Df).
Df = Domain of f = {x | x  X, (x, f(x))  f}
Co–domain : Set ‘Y’ is called the co–domain of the function ‘f ’.
Range : Set of images of all the elements of set X is called the range of the function ‘ f ’
(denoted by Rf).
Rf = Range of f = {f(x)  x  X, f(x)  Y}
Note:
(a) Sometimes the domain of the function is not explicitly defined. In these cases, when only the
rule of function is given then the domain of the function is the set of those real numbers, where
function is defined i.e. domain would mean the set of all those values of ‘x’ for which f (x)
assumes real values. Example, if y = f (x) then Domain (f) = {x: f (x) is a real number}.

(b) If the co-domain is not mentioned, then it is considered to be R i.e. (–,)

Important points about the function f : X → Y; f(x) = y

(1) Each and every element in the set X must have an image in set Y i.e. No element of set X should
be empty.

(2) It is not compulsory for every element in set Y to have a corresponding pre–image (input) in X.

(3) Every element in set X should have one and only one image i.e. any element of domain cannot
have more than one image. Alternately, we can say that Functions can’t be multi–valued.

(4) It is not necessary for every element in co-domain to have a unique pre-image in the domain i.e.
multiple elements of domain can have same image.

(5) Graph of a Function: It is the pictorial representation of a function. It is formed by plotting

ordered pairs (x, y) that satisfy function y = f(x).

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
(6) Distinction between a relation and a function can be easily made by drawing the graph of
y = f (x) and applying the Vertical Line Test.
Vertical Line Test: Draw a vertical line (parallel to y–axis) anywhere in the domain of f. If
every such vertical line cuts the graph at exactly one–point, then the graph is a function otherwise
not.
f(x)
f(x) L
y = f(x) x0
C y = f(x)
y2 y3
y2 B
y1
y1
A

x1 x2 x3 x x0 x
Fig. (a) Fig . (b)

Thus fig. (a) would represent the graph of a function. In fig. (b) certain line (example, line L) would
meet the curve in more than one points (A, B and C). Thus element xo of X would have three distinct
images. Thus, this curve will not represent a function.

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONS
(1) Algebraic functions : Algebraic functions can be of the following types:
(a) Monomial function (b) Polynomial function
(c) Rational function (d) Irrational function

(2) Transcendental functions: Transcendental functions can be of the following types :

(a) Logarithmic function (b) Exponential function
(c) Trigonometric function (d) Inverse Trigonometric function
(3) Piecewise defined functions: Piecewise defined functions can be of the following types:
(a) Modulus function (b) Greatest Integer function
(c) Signum function (d) Least Integer function
Following chart shows relationship between these functions.

Algebraic Function
y is an algebraic function of x, if it is a function that satisfies an algebraic equation of the form
Po(x) yn + P1 (x) yn−1 + ....... + Pn−1 (x) y + Pn (x) = 0
where n is a Positive Integer and Po(x), P1(x) ........... are Polynomials in x.

Note: (a) All polynomial functions are Algebraic but the converse may not be true.
(b) A function that is not algebraic is called Transcedental Function.

Polynomial Function
If a function f is defined by f (x) = aoxn + a1xn–1+ a2xn–2 + ... + an–1 x + an where
n  W and ai  R (i = 0, 1, 2,….n) and ao  0
then f is called a polynomial function of degree n.

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 FUNCTION
For example:
• f(x) = x1920 + 5x1919 + 6x (polynomial of degree 1920)
• g(x) = x2 + 3x + 3 (polynomial of degree 2)

Constant Function:
Constant function is a linear function of the form y = f(x) = b, where b is a constant.
Constant function, f(x) = b possesses same value for all values of x.
As y remains constant for all values of x, graph of a constant function is a horizontal line.
For example:
(i) y = f(x) = 2 is a constant function and its graph is a horizontal line at y = 2.
2

Identity Function 0
Consider y = f(x) = x
As y = x, both x and y take identical values. That is very why this function y
is called an identity function. Both x and y are defined for all real values of
x. So domain and range of the identity function is all real values of x i.e., x
 R and y  R. x

Rational Function y = f(x) = x

g(x)
A rational function is a function of the form y = f (x) = , where g(x) &
h(x)
h(x) are polynomials & h(x)  0.
g(x)
Domain of y = f (x) = is x | x  Dg & x  Df & h(x)  0
h(x)

Irrational function
An algebraic function or rational function containing one or more radicals (non–integral rational
powers of x) is called an irrational function.
x3 − x
For example: ,3x 3 − x 3/2 + 9x − 1
2x − 9
2

y
Trigonometric Functions 1 y= sin
y = f(x) = sin x x
Domain → (–,)
– – x
0  2
Range → [–1, 1] 2  

–
1
y = f(x) = cosx y
Domain → (–,) 1 y= sin
x
Range → [–1,1]
– – x
0  2
2  

–
1

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
y = f(x) = tan x
  sin x 
Domain→ R − ( 2n + 1) , n I: f ( x ) = tan x =  Df = x | cos x  0
2  cos x 
Range → (–,) or R

6
4
2
0
–2 –  2

–2
–4
–6
–8

y = f(x) = cotx
 cos x 
Domain → R – n, n  I; f ( x ) = cot x =  Df = x | sin x  0
 sin x 
Range → (–,) or R;

4
2

0
–2 –  2

–2

–4

–6

–8

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 FUNCTION
y = f(x) = sec x
 1 
Domain: R – (2n+1) /2, n I;  f ( x ) = sec x =  D f =  x | cos x  0 
cos x
Range: (–,–1]  [1,)

3
2
1

0 x
–2 –  2

–1
–2
–3

–4

y = f(x) = cosec x
 1 
Domain: R – n, n I f ( x ) = csc x = sin x  Df = x | sin x  0

Range : (–,–1]  [1,)

y

3
2
1

0 x
–2 –  2

–1
–2
–3

–4

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Exponential Functions
y = f(x) = ax, a>0; Domain: xR; Range: y(0, );
Y
–x
y=4 –x x x
–x y = 10 y = 10 y = 4 y = 2 x
y=2 Domain : R

+
y=ax (a > 1) a>1 Range : R
y=ax (0<a < 1) y

Nature : one-one
1 0<a<1

0 x X
O

Logarithmic function
y = loga x, a>0 and a1; Domain: x (0, ); Range: y(–, );
y

logax (a > 1)

O 1 x

logax (0<a < 1)

Piecewise Defined Functions

1. Signum function
 x −1 , x  0
 , x0 
y = f(x) = sgn(x) =  x = 0 , x = 0
0 , x = 0 1 , x  0
 
Domain: xR; Range: y{–1, 0, 1};
y

O x

-1

2. Modulus or Absolute Value function

y = f(x) = x; Domain: x R; Range: y[0, );
 x ; x0
y= x = = x 2 = max(x, –x).
 − x ; x  0

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 FUNCTION
Y

y= x
–x y=

X
O

Note: that x = 0 can be included either with positive values of x or with negative values of x. Properties
of Absolute Value Function:
(1) x = x
(2) If a > 0 then;
(i) | f(x) | = a  f(x) = + a
(ii) | f(x) | < a  –a < f(x) < a
(iii) | f(x) | > a  f(x) < –a or f(x) > a

(3) If a < 0 then;

(i) | f(x) | = a  no solution
(ii) | f(x) | < a  no solution
(iii) | f(x) | > a  all real values of x in domain of f(x)

x x
(4) xy = x y and = ,y  0 (5) x − y  xy  x + y
y y

x+y = x + y  x−y = x + y 
 
(6) or   xy  0 (7) or   xy  0
 
x−y = x − y  x+y = x − y 

3. Greatest integer function and Fractional part function

y
Greatest integer function: 2

y = f(x) = [x] = Greatest Integer less than or equal to x. 1

It can also be simplified as:

-2 -1 O 1 2 3 x
y = [x] = n if n < x < n + 1, where n is any integer. -1
Domain: R Range: I or Z
-2

Fractional Part Function:

y = f(x) = {x} = fractional part of x y

Domain: R Range: [0, 1)

The difference between the number ‘x’ and it’s (0, 1)

integral value ‘[x]’ is called the fractional part of x

x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
and is symbolically denoted as {x}.
Thus, {x} = x – [x]

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
Properties of Greatest Integer Function and Fractional Part Function:
(1) [[x]] = [x], [{x}] = 0, {[x]} = 0
(2) [x] = n  n  x < n+1, nI. For example: [x] = 2  2  x < 3
(3) [x] < n  [x]  n – 1  x < n, where n  I
(4) [x] > n–1  [x]  n  x > n, where n  I
For example: –1  [x]  4  –1  x < 5  x  [–1, 5)
(5) x – 1 < [x]  x and 0  {x} < 1.
(6) [n + x] = n + [x] where n  I and {n + x} = {x}
0, if x  I  0, x I
(7) [x] + [−x] =  and {x} + { − x} = 
 −1, if x  I 1, x I
  x  +  y , if{x} + {y}  1
(8)  x + y =  x + y + 1,
    if {x} + {y}  1
[x]   x 
(9)  n  =  n  , n  N, x  R
 x   x + 1  x + 2   x + n − 1
(10)  n  +  n  +  n  + ... +  n  = [x], n  N
or
 1  2  n − 1
[x] +  x +  +  x +  + ... +  x + = [nx], n  N
 n  n n 

CLASS WORK EXERCISE–1

Find the domain of the following functions
2
( x − 2) x−2 1− x
1. f(x) = 4x + 8 3 − 13 − 2 2( x −1) 2. f(x) = +
x+2 1+ x

( x − 1)( x − 2 ) ( x − 11)( x − 25)( x − 36 )

2 2 2

3. f(x) = − 4. f(x) =
( x + 3)( x − 6 ) ( x + 5)
6
( x + 3)( x − 4 ) 2 2

1 1 − 5x
5. f ( x ) = | x | −x 2 + 6. f ( x) =
9 − x2 7− x − 7

cosx − 1
sin x + 16 − x f ( x) = 2
2
7. f(x) = 8.
6 + 35x − 6x 2
9. y = log(x–4)(x2 – 11x+24) 10. (
f ( x ) = log 7 log5log3log 2 2x 3 + 5x 2 − 14x )
11. f ( x ) = log ( x 2 − 5x − 24 − x − 2 ) 12. log1/3 ( log4 ([x]2 − 5) )
1
13. f(x) = , where [.] denotes the greatest integer function.
 x − 1 +  7 − x  − 6
 
14. The function f(x) is defined on the interval [0, 1]. Find the domain of definition of the functions
(i) f(tan x) (ii) f(2x + 3)

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 FUNCTION
ANSWER

1. x  [2, ) 2. x  3. ( −3,1  2,4 )

4. ( −, −6)  ( −5, − 11 )  ( − 6, 6 )  ( 11,5)  ( 6,  ) 5. −1,1
 −1 π   5π 
6. ( −, −1) 0,  7. [–4, –][0, ] 8.  6 , 3 ,6 
   3 
 −1 
9. y = (8, ) 10.  4, 2   ( 2,  ) 11. ( −, −3
 
12. −3, −2 )  3,4 ) 13. R – [0, 1]         (7, 8)
 π  −3 
14. (i)  nπ, n +  , n  I (ii)  , −1
 4 2 

FINDING RANGE
There is no specific method to find out range of a function, as the type of method varies with
different types of functions. Still to make the idea clear some methods are discussed as
illustrations below according to different functions.

Method I: Representing x in terms of y

Definition of the function is usually represented as y (i.e. f(x) which is dependent variable) in
terms of an expression of x (which is independent variable). To find range rewrite given
definition so as to represent x in terms of an expression of y and thus obtain range (possible
values of y).
If y = f(x)  x = g(y), then domain of g(y) represents possible values of y, i.e. range of f(x).

Method II: Graphical Method

Drawing the graph can prove very useful in finding the range. Values covered on y–axis by the
graph of function is range.

Method III: Using Monotonocity/Maxima–Minima

(a) Continuous Function
If y = f(x) is continuous in its domain then range of f(x) is y  [min f(x), max. f(x)]
(b) Sectionally-Continuous Function
In case of sectionally continuous functions, range
will be union of [min f(x), max. f(x)] over all those
intervals where f(x) is continuous, as shown by
following example.
Range of the given sectionally continuous function
is [y2, y3]  (y4, y5]  [y7, y6)

(c) Increasing Function

If [a, b] is the domain of an increasing function y = f(x), then Rf = f(a),f(b)]

(d) Decreasing Function

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
If [a, b] is the domain of a decreasing function y = f(x), then Rf = [f(b),f(a)]

CLASS WORK EXERCISE–2

Find Range of the following Functions:
1. f(x) = x2 – 2x + 3 2. f(x) = 4x2 – 8x + 5, x  [–1, 2]
3. f(x) = 4 – 6 sin x – 3 sin2x 4. f(x) = sin2 x + cos4 x
5. f(x) = 6−x + x −4 6. f(x) = 9x – 3x + 1 + 2
x
7. f(x) = 3 sin x + sin 3x 8. f(x) = x 1
ln x
x x
9. f(x) = 9 sec2 x + 16 cosec2 x 10. f(x) = cos 4 − sin 4
5 5

11. f(x) = log 2 (sin x + cos x + 3 2 ) 12. f(x) = e

2x − x 2

13. f(x) = cos (2 sin x) 14. f(x) = sin–1ex

15. f(x) = log10 (5x – x2 + 14) (
16. f(x) = log 2 2 − log 2 (16sin 2 x + 1) )
x+2 x 2 + 5x − 6
17. f(x) = 18. f(x) = 2
2x − 3 x + 3x − 4
x2 − x + 1
19. f(x) = 2 20. f(x) = 4 sin2  + 2 sin cos  + 2 cos2 
x + x +1
21. f (x) = 2sin x + 3 cos x 22. ( (
f ( x ) = log3 log 1 x 2 + 4x + 4
2
))
x − [x]
23. f(x) = , [.] denotes the greatest integer function.
1 + x − [x]
1 ex − e− x
24. f(x) = 25. y= x ,x0
8 − 3 sin x e + e− x
 1 
26. f ( x ) = 
 sin  x 
, where [ ], { } represent greatest integer function and fractional part function

respectively,

27. f ( x ) =  9 − 3 + 1  x ( −,1) , [.] denotes greatest integer function

x x

ANSWER

1. [2, ) 2. [1, 17] 3. [–5, 7] 4. [3/4, 1]

 −1 
5. [ 2, 2] 6.  4 ,  7.  −2 2, 2 2 
 
8. 1, )
9.  49, ) 10. [–1, 1] 11. [3, 5] 12. (0, e]
   81
 0,  15.  −,log10 ( −, 1
4 
13. [cos 2, 1] 14. 16.
2 

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 FUNCTION

1  7 1 
17. R−  18. R − 1,  19.  3 ,3 20. 3 − 2, 3 + 2 
2  5  

21. [− 13 , 13 ] 22. (−, ) 23. [0, 1/2). 24. [1/11, 1/5]

25. [0,1) 26. Set of range consists of all-natural numbers.
27. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.

TRANSFORMATIONS OF GRAPHS

(I) Drawing the graph of y = f(x  a), a>0 from the known graph of y = f(x)
Shift the graph of y=f(x) towards R.H.S. by a units to get the graph of y = f(x–a)
Shift the graph of y=f(x) towards L.H.S. by a units to get the graph of y = f(x+a)

y = f(x)
y = f(x–a),a> 0

y = f(x+a),a>0

x0–a x0 x0+a

(II) Drawing the graph of y = f(x)  b, b > 0, y = f(x)+b, b >0

from the known graph of y = f(x) y = f(x)
Shift the graph of y = f(x) upwards by b units to y = f(x)–b, b >0
O
get the graph of y=f(x) + b
Shift the graph of y = f(x) downwards by b units to
get the graph of y=f(x) – b

(III) Drawing the graph of y = f(–x), from the known graph of y = f(x)
Step 1: Draw the graph of f
Step 2: Take it’s image in y–axis. This image is the graph of f(–x)
y = f(–x) y = f(x)

(IV) Drawing the graph of y = – f(x), from the known graph of y = f(x)
Step 1: Draw the graph of f
Step 2: Take it’s image in x–axis. This image is the
y=f(x)
graph of y=–f(x)

y= –f(x)

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
(V) Drawing the graph of y = f(|x|) from the known graph of y = f(x)
y
Step 1: Draw the graph of f only on the R.H.S. of y–axis.
Step 2: Take it’s image in y–axis. The graph on R.H.S. and the y= f(|x|)

image on L.H.S. together form the graph of y=f(|x|)

O x
Note: The graph of f which lies on L.H.S. of y–axis has no role
in the graph of y=f(|x|)

(VI) Drawing the graph of y =f(x) from the known graph of y = f(x)

Step 1: Draw the graph of f y= f(x)

y
y=|f(x)|

Step 2: Take the image in x–axis of that portion of the O

x

graph which lies below x–axis. y= f(x)

(VII) Drawing the graph of |y| = f(x) from the known graph of y = f(x)
Step-1: Draw the graph of f. y

Step-2: Delete that portion of the graph which lies below |y|=f(x)

x–axis.
O x
Step 3: Take the image in x–axis of the remaining portion
of the graph. y=f(x)

CLASS WORK EXERCISE–3

Draw Graphs of following:
1. f(x) = x2 + 2 2. f(x) = |x| – 3
 x
3. f(x) = |x – 2| 4. f(x) = log10  
10 
5. f(x) = 2 + |3 – x| 6. xy + 3x – 2y = 6
7. f(x) = –e–x 8. y = –ln xe
9. y = 2 – x2 10. y = 1– cos x
11. y = − 2−x 12. y = | |x| – 2 |
13. y = sin |x| 14. y = x2 – 5 |x| + 6
15. y = |x2 – 1| 16. y = |sin x|
17. y = |x2 – 2 |x| + 3| 18. y = –e–|x|
19. y = |ln |x|| 20. |y| = sin x
21. |x| + |y| = 1 22. |x – 2| + |3 – y | = 4

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 FUNCTION
23. y = [x2] 24. y = [sin x]
25. y = [log10 x] 26. y = |x –1| + 2 |x – 2| + |x – 3|

 x +1
27. y = sgn 
 
2 − x
(
28. y = max x 2 , x, x 3 )
29. y = min (x2 – x, |x|) 30. y = max (|x|, |x–1|, 1–x2)
31. Plot the graph of 4y = 2x 32. Plot the graph of y = loge x – 1

  
33. y – e–x = 0, 34. y = cosec ( −x )  x   − , 
 2 2
1
35. Sketch the graph of: x2y = –1 36. y=
x +1

37. y = x2 – 2 | x | + 3 38. y = | x2 – 2x – 3 |
39. y = | log x | 40. | y | = (x – 1) (x – 2)
41. | y | = sin–1 (x).
42. Draw the graphs of the following for x  [0, 2].
(i) y = (x–1)2 (ii) y = (x + 2)3 (iii) y = |x| + 1 (iv) y = sin x – 3
(v) y = ex–1 + 2 (vi) y = –ln x (vii) y = |ln|x|| (viii) y = ||x–1|–2|
43. Sketch the graph of the function f(x) = min {|x|, |x – 1|, |x + 1|}
44. Find the number of roots of the equation x sin x = 1, x   −2, 0)  ( 0, 2

45. Find the number of solutions of 2cos x = sin x , 0  x  4

46. Find the number of solutions of equation 2cos x = sin x , when x  0, 2 is

47. Find the number of solutions of the equation sin πx = log x is :

     2 
48. If f(x) = max {sin t, 0  t  x}, 0  x  2 then find f(0), f   , f   , f(), f   and draw
 6  2  3
graph of f.
49. Draw graph of y = min {cos t, 0  t  x} 0  x  3.

EQUAL FUNCTIONS

Two functions y = f(x) and y = g(x) are said to be equal if

(i) Both functions f(x) and g(x) have same domain and same range,
(ii) f(x) = g(x)  x  domain
Equal functions are also known as identical functions.

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Composition of Functions
Let f: X→Y1, g: Y2→ Z be two functions and D = {x  X: f(x) Y2}. If D  , then the function h
defined on D by h(x) = g{f(x)} is called composite function of g f and is denoted by gof.
Thus, gof x = g(f(x)).
Clearly Domain of, gof = x: x  Df & f(x)  Dg}
Similarly we can define, fog x = f(g(x)) and
Dfog= {x: x  Dg, g(x)  Df}.

Properties of Composite Functions:

(a) In general gof  fog (i.e. not commutative)
(b) The composite of functions are associative i.e. if three functions f, g, h are such that
fo(goh) & (fog)oh are defined, then fo(goh) = (fog)oh.
(c) If f and g both are one–one, then gof and fog would also be one–one.
(d) If f and g both are onto, then gof or fog may or may not be onto
(e) The composite of two bijections is a bijection. If f & g are two bijections such that gof is defined,
then gof is also a bijection only when co-domain of f is equal to the domain of g.
(f) Dfog  Dg and R fog  R f

CLASS WORK EXERCISE–4

 x + 1, x  0  2x, −1  x  1 f (x)
1. If f (x) =  2 and g(x) =  , then find f(x) + g(x), , gof (x)
 x , x0 3 − x, x 1 g(x)

 ln x, 0  x  1  x + 1, x  2
2. If f (x) =  2 and g(x) =  2 then find fog(x), gof (x)
 x − 1, x 1  x − 1, x  2
 n, n is even

3. If f (x) =  n + 3 , then find the value of n which satisfies f(f(n)) = 9
 , n is odd
 2
1
4. If f (x) = , then find domain and range of fofof.....f (x).
1− x 3000 times

ANSWER
 x +1
 2x , −1  x  0
 3x + 1 , −1  x  0 
 2 f (x)  x
1. (f + g)(x) =  x + 2x , 0  x  1 , = , 0  x 1
x 2 − x + 3 , g(x)  2
 x 1
 x2
 3 − x , x  1, x  3


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2(x + 1) , −2  x  0

gof (x) =  2x 2 , 0  x 1
 3 − x2 , 1  x  

 ln x + 1 , 0  x 1

2.  x2 , 1 x  3 3. 27 4. D = R − {0, 1} ; R = R − {0, 1}
 2
(x − 1) − 1 , 3x
2

CLASSIFICATION OF A FUNCTION
ONE–ONE AND MANY–ONE FUNCTIONS:
One–One Function (or Injective Function): If each element in the
f(x)
domain of a function has a distinct image in the co-domain then, the f(x)=3x+5
function is said to be One-One, otherwise Many-one. In short “Every
input should produce different output”. For e.g. The function
f : R→R given by f(x) = 3x + 5 is one–one, because for every input x
(0, 0)
there is a different output.
Fig: Graph of f(x) = 3x+5

Many-One Function: If there are at least two elements in

the domain who have same image then, the function is f(x) f(x)= x2+1
known as Many–One. In short “At least 2 inputs should
produce same output”. For e.g. f : R→R given by
f(x) = x2 +1 is many–one.

(0, 0)
-x2 -x1 x1 x2 x
Graph of f(x)= x2+1

Methods to determine One–One and Many–One Functions:

Method I: Theoretically
Let x1, x2  Domain of f and if x1  x2  f(x1)  f(x2) for every x1, x2 in the domain, then f is
one–one else many–one.
If f(x1) = f(x2)  x1 = x2 ONLY for every x1, x2 in the domain, then f is one-one else many-one.

Method II: Graphically: Horizontal Line Test

To find whether a function is one-one or many-one, we can draw the graph and then apply
Horizontal Line Test.

Horizontal Line Test:

Step 1: Draw the graph of the function
Step 2: Draw a horizontal line anywhere in the range of the function.
Step 3: If every such horizontal line cuts the graph of the function at exactly one point, then the
function is a one–one function, otherwise it is a many–one function.

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f(x) f(x)= x2+1 f(x)

f(x)=3x+5

(0, 0) (0, 0) x
-x2 -x1 x1 x2 x
Many-One Function One-One Function

Note: (a) Many-one function can be made one–one by redefining the domain of the original function.
Can you do that for f(x) = x2 + 1?
(b) Any continuous function f(x) which has at least one local maxima or local minima is
many-one.
(c) All even functions are many one.
(d) All polynomials of even degree defined in R have at least one local maxima or minima and
hence are many one in the domain R.
(e) Polynomials of odd degree can be one-one or many-one.
(f) Every strictly increasing function or strictly decreasing function is always one-one.

Onto and Into Functions:

Onto Function (Surjective Function):
Let f: X→Y be a function such that Range of f = Y(Co–domain of f). For e.g., f : R→ R where
f(x) = ax3 + b is onto where a  0, b R.

Into Function:
If there exists at least one element in the codomain Y which is not an image of any element in
the domain X, then f is into. For e.g. f : R → R where f(x) = sin x is into.
Bijective function (Injective + Surjective): A function which is both one–one and onto.

Remarks:
(i) An into function can be made onto by redefining the codomain as the range of the original
function.
(ii) Any polynomial function f: R→ R is onto if degree is odd; into if degree of f is even.

CLASS WORK EXERCISE–5

Classify the followings as one-one, many-one, into or onto.

1. f : R → R ; f(x) = x3 2. f : R → R ; f(x) = 2x – |x|
x +1 −x
f : R → R ; f (x) = 2 − 2
|x|
3. f : R – {1} → R; f(x) = 4.
x −1
f : R → R ; f (x) = x − 4x + 12x − 1
3 2
5. 6. f : R → R ; f (x) = x + sin x

 x2 − x + 2
7. f : R – (2n + 1) → R; f(x) = 2x – tan x 8. f : R → R ; f (x) =
2 x 2 + 3x + 1
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9. Find the range of p such that the function f(x) = px + sin x is one-one.
x2 + x +1
10. Find range of a such that f: R → R; f (x) = is onto
x 2 + ax + 5
11. Which of the following functions from I to itself are bijections?
(A) f ( x ) = x + 3 (B) f ( x ) = x (C) f ( x ) = 3x + 2 (D) f ( x ) = x + x
5 2

Prove that function f : ( −, − 1 → ( 0, e5  defined by f ( x ) = ex −3x + 2

3
12. is one–one and into
x 2 + 4x + 7
13. Let f: R → R where f(x) = 2 . Is f(x) one–one?
x + x +1

ANSWER
1. one-one, onto 2. One-one, onto 3. one-one, into 4. Many -one, into
5. one-one, onto 6. One-one, onto 7. many-one, onto 8. Many-one, into
9. ( −, − 1  1, ) 10.  11. (A) 13. f is many-one.

Even and Odd Functions:

Even Function:
If f: D→Y is a real valued function such that f(–x) = f(x)  xD then f is said to be an even
function. For e.g. f(x) = x2; f(x) = |x|;f(x) = x sinx
Odd Function:
If f: D→Y is a real valued function such that f(–x) = – f(x)  x  D then f is said to be an odd
function. For e.g. f(x) = x3; f(x) = x |x|; f(x) =sin x
Important Points:
(1) The domain of an even/odd function must be symmetric about origin i.e. xD  –xD.
For e.g.,
x −1
(a) f (x) = sin x is not an odd function.
x −1
x2 −1
(b) f (x) = cos x is an even function.
x2 −1
(2) Graphs of even functions are symmetric about the y-axis (i.e. if (x, y) lies on the curve, then
(–x, y) also lies on the curve)
(3) Graphs of odd functions are symmetric about the origin (i.e. if (x, y) lies on the curve, then
(–x, –y) also lies on the curve).
(4) A function can be even or odd or neither.
(5) Every function (even or odd or neither) defined in symmetric interval D
(i.e. x D  –x  D) can be expressed as a sum of an even and an odd function.
 f (x) + f ( − x)   f (x) − f ( − x) 
f (x) =   +   .
 2 2
 f (x) + f ( − x)   f (x) − f ( − x) 
Here if h(x) =   and g(x) =   , then h(x) is even and g(x) is odd.
 2   2
(6) The derivative of an even function is an odd function and vice versa.

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(7) If x = 0  domain of an odd function f, then f(0) =0

(8) If x = 0  domain of an even differentiable function f, then f (0) = 0.

(9) Algebraic Operations
E = Even, O = Odd, N = Neither even nor odd
Sum Difference Product Division

E, E E E E E

E, O N N O O

E, E N N O O

O, O O O E E
(10) Composition:
0(E) = E, E(0) = E, 0(0) = 0, E(E) = E, N(E) = E

Extension of Domain:
Let f be a function defined on certain domain which is entirely non–negative or entirely
non-positive. The domain of f(x) can be extended to the set X = {–x: x domain of f(x)} in two
ways:

(i) Even extension: The even extension is obtained by defining a new function f(–x) for x  X,
such that f(–x) = f(x).

(ii) Odd extension: The odd extension is obtained by defining a new function f(–x) for xX, such
that f(–x) = –f(x)

CLASS WORK EXERCISE–6

Classify the following Functions as even, odd, neither:

x 3 sin x + x 4 cos x ax +1
1. f (x) = 2. f (x) = x
sec x − x tan x a −1

3. (
f (x) = ln x + x + 1
2
) 4. f (x) =
x 4 − x3
x −1
x4 − x2 x cot x
5. f (x) = 2 6. f (x) =
x −1 x 1
   + 2

 1 
f (x) = ln  2 − x x
 1 + x 
7. 8. f (x) = + +1
e −1 2
x

x x , x  −1

9. f ( x ) = 1 + x  + 1 − x  , −1  x  1 , where [ ] represents greatest integral function.
− x x x 1
 ,

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x ( sin x + tan x )
10. f ( x) = where[ ] denotes greatest integer function.
x +  1
   − 2

11. Express f(x) = 2x as sum of an even and an odd function.

12. Find even and odd extension of f(x) = 2x cos x, x  0

ANSWER
1. Even 2. Odd 3. Odd 4. NENO
5. Even 6. Odd 7. NENO 8. Even
9. even function. 10. f(x) is an odd function (if x  n), f(x) is an even function (if x = n)
2x + 2− x 2x − 2− x
11. + −x −x
12. fo = −2 cos x, x  0 , fe = 2 cos x, x  0
2 2

Periodic Function

A function f: X→Y is said to be a periodic function if there exists a positive real number p
such that f(x + p) = f(x), x  X. The least of all such positive numbers p is called the
principal period or fundamental period of f.

Important Points:
(1) Periods of standard Functions: If ‘n’ is a non–zero integer, then
Standard Functions Period Standard Functions Period
sinx,cosx,secx,cosecx 2 sinnx, cosnx, cosecnx and secnx 2 if n is odd
 if n is even
tanx,cotx  tannx and cotnx  nI
|sinx|,|cosx|,|tanx|,  {x} 1
|cotx|,|secx|,|cosecx|

(2) If f(x) is a periodic function with period p, then

Function Period Function Period

f(x  a), a  R p af(x  b)  c, a, b, c  R p

f(x)  a, a  R p f(ax), a  R p
a
f(x  a)  b, a, b  R p af(bx  c)  d, a, b, c, d  R (a 0) p
b

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(3) Let f(x) and g(x) are two functions with periods p and q respectively
m r
Let f(x) has period p = (m, n  N and co-prime) and g(x) has period q = (r, s  N and
n s
LCM of (m, r)
co-prime) and let t be the LCM of p and q i.e. t = . Then, t shall be the period of
HCFof (r,s)
“h(x) = af(x) + bg(x)” provided there does not exist a positive number k (< t) for which
af(k + x) + bg(k + x) = af(x) + bg(x), else k will be the period. The same rule is applicable for
any other algebraic combination of f(x) and g(x).

Remaks:
p
• LCM of p and q will always exist if above is a rational quantity.
q
p
• If is irrational then algebraic combination of f and g is non-periodic.
q
For example, LCM of (2, 2, 6) is not possible as 2, 6 are Irrational and 2 is
rational.
(4) A constant function is periodic but does not have a fundamental period.
(5) If g is periodic then fog will always be a periodic function. Period of fog may or may not be
the period of g.

For example, sin ({x}) is periodic with period 1 as x – [x] is periodic with period 1.
(6) If f is periodic and g is strictly monotonic (other than linear) then fog is non–periodic.

CLASS WORK EXERCISE–7

Find the Period of the following:

 
1. f (x) = 2sec  x −  + 4 2. f (x) = cos2 3x
 4

1
f (x) = f (x) = ([2 − 3x] + 3x − 4)
2
3. 4.
[x + 2] − (x + 3)
x   3x 
5. f (x) = 2sin 2/3  − 1 + 3 6. f (x) = 1 − 2 tan 2/3  − 1
2   4 

 6x + 1
f (x) = sin 2x + cos x f (x) = 2sin 3x − 3tan 
 5 
7. 8.

9. f (x) = 3sec4x − 5{x} 10. f (x) = sin x + cos x

11. f (x) = sin 2 x + cos4 x 12. f (x) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x + tan 2x

13. f (x) = cos x cos 2x cos 2 3x 14. f (x + 3) = f (x + 10)  x  R

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15. f (x) + f(x + 2) = 3  x  R

16. Find the periods (if periodic) of the following functions, where [.] denotes the greatest integer
function.
(i) f(x) = eln(sinx) + tan3x – cosec(3x–5) (ii) f(x) = x – [x – b], bR
sin x + cos x 
(iii) f(x) = (iv) f(x) = tan [x]
sin x + cos x 2

17. If the periodic function f(x) satisfies the equation f(x +1) + f(x – 1) = 3 f(x)  x  R then find
the period of f(x).
ANSWER
 1
1. 2 2. 3. 1 4.
3 3
4 10
5. 2 6. 7. 2 8.
3 3
  
9. None periodic 10. 11. 12.
2 2 2
13. 2 14. 7 15. 4
16. (i) 2, (ii) 1, (iii) , (iv) 2. 17. 12

INVERSE OF A FUNCTION

If f: X→Y be a function defined by y = f(x) such that f is both one–one and onto
(i.e. injective + surjective i.e. bijective), then there exists a unique function g: Y→X such that
for each y  Y, g(y) = x if and only if y = f(x). The function g so defined is called the inverse
of f and denoted by f –1.

Important Points
(1) The condition for existence of inverse of a function is that the function must be both one–one
and onto.

(2) Whenever an inverse function is defined, the range of the original function becomes the
domain of the inverse function and domain of the original function becomes the range of the
inverse function.

(3) If g is the inverse of f, then f is the inverse of g and the two functions f and g are said to be
inverses of each other.

(4) If g is the inverse of f i.e. g(x)= f –1(x), then fog(x)=gof(x)=x=Identity Function.

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(5) The graphs of y =f (x) and y = f –1 (x) are mirror–images of each other about the line y = x.
For e.g. f(x) = ax and g(x) = loga x are inverse of each other, and their graphs are mirror
images of each other on the line y = x as shown below.

(6) Normally points of intersection of f and f–1 lie on the straight line y = x. However it must be
noted that f(x) and f –1(x) may intersect otherwise also.
(7) In general fog(x) and gof(x) are not equal but if they are equal then in majority of cases either
f and g are inverse of each other or atleast one of f and g is an identity function.

(8) If f & g are two bijections f : A → B, g : B → C then the inverse of gof exists and
(gof) –1 = f–1 o g–1.
CLASS WORK EXERCISE–8

Find Inverse of the following:

ax + a−x
1. +
f :R →R ; +
f (x) = (ax + b) a,b  0
2 3
2. f : R → R ; f (x) =
2
 3   −1 
3. f : (2, 3) → (0, 1) ; f (x) = x − [x] 4. f :  ,  →  ,  ; f (x) = x 2 − 3x + 2
2   4 
log 2 (x + 2) , −2  x  0

5. f (x) =  2x , 0  x 1
 x2 + 1 x 1
 ,

ex − e− x
6. Let f : R→ R be defined by f(x)= , is f(x) invertible? If so, find its inverse.
2

ANSWER

1.
x1/3 − b
a
2. loga ( x2 + 1 − x ) 3. x+2

 2x − 2, x 1
3 + 1 + 4x 
4. 5.  log 2 x, 1  x  2
2 
 x − 1, x2

6. f(x) is invertible, ln ( x + 1 + x 2 )

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 FUNCTION
FUNCTIONAL EQUATION
CLASS WORK EXERCISE–9

Solve for f(x):

 1
1. af(x) + bf   = x2
x
2. If f(x) = x + f(x–1)  x  R. f(0) = 1, then f(100) is
9x  1   2   3   2016 
. Then the value of f   +f   +f   + ... + f 
3. Let f(x) = x
9 +3  2017   2017   2017   2017 
If f(x + y + 1) =  f (x) + f (y)  , f (0) = 1  x, y R. then f(x) is (n N).
2
4.

 1  1
5. If f(x) . f   = f(x) + f   , f(3) = 28, then f(5) is.
x x
6. Determine all functions f(x), such that f(x – f(y)) = f(f(y)) + xf(y) + g(x) –1  x, y  R.
 x + y f (x) + f(y)
7. Find f(x), if f  = x, y R .
2  2
 1 
Find all the functions f satisfying f (x) + f  = 2x  x  R − {0, 1}
 1 − x 
8.

9. Find the function F ( x ) satisfies the functional equation x 2 F ( x ) + F (1 − x ) = 2x − x 4 for all real
x.
1− x
If 2f ( x − 1) − f  = x, x  {−1, 0} then find f(x)
 x 
10.

ANSWER
b
ax 2 −
2
1. f (x) = 2 x2 2. 5051 3. 1008 4. f (x) = (x + 1)2
(a − b )
x2
5. 126 6. f (x) = 1 − 7. f (x) = ax + b 9. F( x) = 1 − x2
2
1 1 
f ( x ) = 2 (1 + x ) +
1 + x 
10. .
3

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

JEE MAIN EXERCISE

DOMAIN (A)  (B) R
1. Domain of the function f (x) = 4 − x . 2
(C) R – {1} (D) Z

(A) [–2, 2] (B) [–2, 0] Sol. …………………………………………..

(C) [0, 2] (D)(–2, 2)
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
4. Domain of y = log(sin x) (cos x) is:
………………………………………….. (A) n
 
(B)  2n, 2n + 
 2
2. Domain of f(x) = log 2 (x 2 – 6x + 6) is:
 
(A) (– , 3 – 3 ]  [3 + 3, ) (C)  n, n + 
 2
(B) (– , 3 – 3 )  (3 + 3 , )
(D) ( n, 2n )
(C) (– ,1]  [5, )
(D) (– , 1)  (5, )
Sol. …………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
5. Domain of
…………………………………………..
y= 4 − x 2 + 4 −  x 2  is:

( ) )
…………………………………………..
(A) x  −2, 5 (B) x   −2, 5

)
…………………………………………..
(C) x   −2, 5  (D) x   2, 5
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
1
3. Domain of y = is:
x− x …………………………………………..

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 FUNCTION
………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

6. (
Domain of y = log 2 log 12 5x − x 2 ( )) 8. Domain of y =
(x + 1)(x − 7)
x2 − x + 1
is:

(A) ( −, −1)  ( 7, )

is:
 5 − 31   5 + 31 
(A) 0,  ,5 (B) ( −,0   7, )
 2   2 
(C) ( −,7
 5 − 31   5 + 31 
(B)  −5,


2   2
,5
 (D) ( −, −1   7, )

 5 − 21   5 + 21 
(C)  0,  ,5 Sol. …………………………………………..
 2   2 
 5 − 31   5 + 31  …………………………………………..
(D)  0,  ,5
 2   2  …………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
9. The domain set of the function
………………………………………….. f(x) = log7 log5 log3 log2 (2x3 + 5x2 –14x)
is
………………………………………….. (A) (–  ) – {0}
(B) (0, )
…………………………………………..
(C) (– 4 1/2 )  (2, )
………………………………………….. (D) (– 4 – 1/2 )  (2, )

7. Domain of y =
x +1
C2x −8 is: Sol. …………………………………………..

(A) {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} …………………………………………..

(B) {4, 5}
(C) {6, 7} …………………………………………..
(D) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
…………………………………………..
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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. 12. Range of f(x) = 4 x + 2 x + 1 is

(A) (0, ) (B) (1, )
…………………………………………..
(C) (2, ) (D) (3, )

10. The domain of f(x) is (0, 1) therefore

Sol. …………………………………………..
domain of f(ex) + f(n|x|) is -
(A) (–1, e) (B) (1, e) …………………………………………..
(C) (– e, –1) (D) (– e, 1)
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
13. The range of the function f(x) = | x – 1| +
………………………………………….. | x– 2 |, –1  x  3, is
(A) [1, 3] (B) [1, 5]
………………………………………….. (C) [3, 5] (D) [1,3)]

………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

RANGE …………………………………………..

11. The range of the function f(x) = cos2 x–5 …………………………………………..

cos x – 6 is
(A) [– 5, 0] (B) [0, 10] …………………………………………..
(C) [–10, 0] (D) [–5,10]
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
 2 (sin x – cos x) + 3 is
Sol.
14. The range of log 5
………………………………………….. (A) [0, 2] (B) [1, 2]
(C) [0, 3] (D) [1, 3]
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

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 FUNCTION
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

15. Range of f(x) = 16– x C2x –1 + 20–3xC4x –5 is ex

18. Range of f(x) = , where x  0 is
(A) [728, 1474] (B) {728, 1474} 1 + [x]
(C) {0, 728} (D) {728, 1617} (A) [0, ) (B) [1, )
(C) (– , ) (D) (–, 0]
Sol. …………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
16. The range of the function f(x) = 8x + 4x + n x
8–x + 4–x + 5 is: 19. Range of the function f(x) =
x
is
(A)  7 ,   (B)  7 ,   (A) (– , e) (B) (– , e2)
4  4 
(C) [9, ) (D) (9, ) (C)  − , 2  (D)  − , 1 
 e  e

Sol. …………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
17. The range of the function f(x) = [sin x +
cos x], (where [.] denotes the greatest 20. The range of y = sin 3x + sin x is -
integer function) is  8 8   4 4 
(A) −  , (B) −  ,
(A) [–2, 1] (B) {–2, –1, 0, 1}  3 3 3 3  3 3 3 3
(C) {–1, 1} (D) {–2, –1, 1}
 3 3   33 
(C) − ,  (D) −  ,
Sol. …………………………………………..  2 2  3 2 2 2
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
………………………………………….. 23. The image of the interval [–1, 3], under
the mapping specified by the function
………………………………………….. f(x) = 4x3 –12x is -
(A) [f(+1), f(–1)] (B) [f(–1), f(3)]
………………………………………….. (C) [– 8, 16] (D) [– 8, 72]

………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

21. The range of the function f(x) = 3 |sin x| – …………………………………………..

2 |cos x| is -
(A) [−2, 13 ] (B) [–2, 3] …………………………………………..

(C) [3, 13 ] (D) [0, 13 ] …………………………………………..

Sol. …………………………………………..
y = x 2 − 1 then range of the expression y2
2
24.
………………………………………….. x +1
+ y – 2 is
………………………………………….. (A) [–1, 1] (B) [0, 1]
(C) − ,0 
9
………………………………………….. (D) [–1,0]
 4 

………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

  
22. Range of y = cos   sin cos(  sin x )   , …………………………………………..
2  
where x R, is : …………………………………………..
(A) [–1, 1] (B) [– , ]
(C) [0, 1] (D) [–1, 0] …………………………………………..

Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

EVEN-ODD
………………………………………….. 25. Which of the function is not even :
 1+ x 
2 
………………………………………….. (A) log  2 
(B) sin2x + cos2x
1– x 
………………………………………….. 1+ x3  (1 + 2 x ) 2
(C) log  
3 
(D)
1– x  2x

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 FUNCTION
Sol. ………………………………………….. 27. If f : [–2, 2] → R given by
x cos x
………………………………………….. f (x) = ; where [x] is the
x
 5  + 0.5
…………………………………………..
greatest integer function then f(x)
………………………………………….. (A) is an even function
(B) is an odd function
………………………………………….. (C) is neither even nor odd function
(D) Maps into [–2, 2]
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
26. Which of the following function(s) is/are
not even? …………………………………………..
x 2 − 9 ; if | x | 5
(A) f(x) =  …………………………………………..
 16 ; if | x |= 5

a x +1 1− x …………………………………………..
(B) f(x) = x2 . n
a −1
x 1+ x
ex +1 …………………………………………..
(C) f(x) = n (x + 1+ x 2 )
e −1
x

1 …………………………………………..
(D) f(x) = [x/] + ; where [ . ] denotes
2
greater integer function 0 for x = 0

 2 
28. Let f(x) = x sin  for – 1  x  1; ( x  0) ,
Sol. …………………………………………..  x
x | x | for x  1 or x  –1
………………………………………….. then -
(A) f(x) is an odd function
………………………………………….. (B) f(x) is an even function
(C) f(x) is neither odd nor even
………………………………………….. (D) f '(x) is an even function

………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

29. The function f(x) = (tan x11) e x sgn(x11).

5
31. If f(x) = | x – 1 | + | x | + | x + 1| then
 1  f(x + 1) is
 2 , where [.] denotes greatest (A) an odd function
 3x + 2 
integer function, is: (B) an even function
(A) even function (C) neither odd nor even function
(B) odd function (D) both odd and even function
(C) even as well as odd function
Sol. …………………………………………..
(D) neither even nor odd function
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
32. If the real valued function
………………………………………….. x
a –1
f(x) = is even, then n equals
x (a x + 1)
n
…………………………………………..
1 1
(A) – (B)
………………………………………….. 3 4
2
(C) (D) 2
30. If f(x) is an odd function then – 3
f (– x ) + f ( x )
(i) is an even function
2 Sol. …………………………………………..
(ii) [|f(x)| + 1], is even where [.] denotes
greatest integer function. …………………………………………..
f ( x ) – f (– x )
(iii) is neither even nor odd …………………………………………..
2
(iv) f(x) + f(–x) is neither even nor odd
…………………………………………..
Which of these statements are correct?
(A) (i) & (iv) only (B) (i) & (ii) only
…………………………………………..
(C) (iii) & (iv) only (D) all of these
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. PERIODIC
33. Which one of the following functions has
………………………………………….. the period equal to  ?
(A) f(x) = sin (cos x)
…………………………………………..
(B) f(x) = |sin x | + |cos x|
(C) f(x) = cos (sinx)
…………………………………………..
(D) f(x) = tan2x + sin 3x
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
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 FUNCTION
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. 36. Period of f (x) = sin

x
+ cos
x
is
(n – 1)! n!
………………………………………….. (A) n ! (B) 2 (n !)
(C) 2 (n – 1) ! (D) Does not exists
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
 x 
34. The period of sin [x] + cos +cot
4 2 3
…………………………………………..
[x], where [x] denotes the integral part of
x is - …………………………………………..
(A) 8 (B) 4
(C) 3 (D) 24
…………………………………………..

Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

…………………………………………..
37. Let f(x) = sin [a ] x (where [] denotes the
………………………………………….. greatest integer function). If f is periodic
with fundamental period , then a belongs
………………………………………….. to :
(A) [2, 3) (B) {4, 5}
………………………………………….. (C) [4, 5] (D) [4, 5)

………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
sin3 x + x –[ x ]
35. If f (x) = 2 , where [x] denotes the
integral part of x is a periodic function …………………………………………..
with period …………………………………………..
(A)  (B) 2
(C)  (D) 3 38. The fundamental period of the function
f(x)= x + a – [x + b] + sin x + cos 2x +
Sol. ………………………………………….. sin 3x + cos 4x +….+ sin(2n–1) x +
cos 2n x forever y a, b  R is:(where [.]
………………………………………….. denotes the greatest integer function)
(A) 2 (B) 4
………………………………………….. (C) 1 (D) 0

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. ONE-ONE, MANY-ONE, INTO, ONTO

41. Which of the following functions are not
………………………………………….. injective map -
(A) f(x) = |x + 1|, x  [–1, )
8 8 1
39. Given f(x) = + and (B) g(x) = x + ; x  (0, )
1− x 1+ x x
g(x) =
4
+
4
then g(x) is - (C) h(x) = x2 + 4x – 5 ; x  (0, )
f (sin x ) f (cos x ) (D) k(x) = e–x ; x  [0, )
(A) periodic with period /2
(B) periodic with period  Sol. …………………………………………..
(C) periodic with period 2
…………………………………………..
(D) non periodic
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
42. Let f: R → R be a function defined by
40. If f(x) = cos x + cos ax is a periodic f(x) = (1 – x)1/3 is:
function, then a is necessarily (A) one-one and onto
(A) an integer (B) many one and onto
(B) a rational number (C) one-one and into
(C) an irrational number (D) many one and into
(D) an even number
Sol. …………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

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 FUNCTION
………………………………………….. (A) Y = R (B) Y = [1, )
(C) Y = [4, ) (D) Y = [5, )
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
43. Which of the following functions from
Z → Z is bijective: …………………………………………..
(A) f(x) = x3 (B) f(x) = x + 2
(C) f(x) = 2x + 1 (D) f(x) = x2 + x …………………………………………..

Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. 46. Let E = {1, 2, 3, 4} and F = {1, 2}. Then

the number of onto functions from E to F
………………………………………….. is-
(A) 14 (B) 16
………………………………………….. (C) 12 (D) 8

………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

x …………………………………………..
44. Let f(x) = defined as
1+ x
[0, ) → [0, ), f(x) is– …………………………………………..
(A) one one & onto
(B) one–one but not onto …………………………………………..
(C) not one–one but onto
(D) neither one–one nor onto 47. Let function f : R → R be defined by
f(x) = 2x + sin x for x  R. Then f is–
Sol. ………………………………………….. (A) one to one and onto
(B) one to one but not onto
………………………………………….. (C) onto but not one to one
(D) neither one to one nor onto
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
45. The function f: [2, ) → Y defined by
f(x) = x2 – 4x + 5 is both one–one & onto
if:
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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

48. Let f : A → [2, 6]; f(x) = 3 sinx + cosx …………………………………………..

+ 4 is bijective function then set A is -
2   5 …………………………………………..
(A)  – ,  (B)  – , 
 3 3  6 6
    …………………………………………..
(C)  – ,  (D)  – , 
 2 2  3 3
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
 1  2
51. If f(x) = [x] +  x +  +  x +  –3x + 5
…………………………………………..  3  3
([.] denotes the greatest integer function)
………………………………………….. then
(A) 'f ' is a one to one function
………………………………………….. (B) 'f ' is a non-periodic function
(C) 4 < f(x)  5 –V x R
…………………………………………..
(D) 'f ' is not one-one
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
49. Let f : R → R be a function defined by
…………………………………………..
x 2 + 2x + 5
f(x) = 2 is :
x + x +1 …………………………………………..
(A) one-one and into
(B) one-one and onto …………………………………………..
(C) many-one and onto
(D) many-one and into …………………………………………..
Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. 52. Let f : R → R be a function defined by
f(x) = [x]2 + [x + 1] – 3 {where [] denotes
………………………………………….. greatest integer function}, then f(x) is
(A) many-one into (B) many-one onto
………………………………………….. (C) one-one into (D) one-one onto

50. f : R → R f(x) = (x2 + x + 5) (x2 + x – 3) Sol. …………………………………………..

(A) f(x) is one-one, into
(B) 'f' is many-one, into …………………………………………..
(C) 'f' is one-one, onto
(D) 'f' is many-one onto …………………………………………..

Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

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 FUNCTION
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

53. Let f : R → R be a function defined by f(x) 55. Function f : R → R; f(x) = x3 + 3x2 + 10x
esin x − e − sin x + 2sin x is :
= sin x , then (A) One-one but not onto
e + e − sin x
(A) f is both one-one and onto (B) Not-one one but onto
(B) f is one-one but not onto (C) Neither one-one nor onto
(C) f is onto but not one-one (D) One-one and onto
(D) f is neither one-one nor onto
Sol. …………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
COMPOSITION
54. Let a function is defined as f : R → R
56. If f(x) = (a – x n)1/n, n  N, then
 x 2 + 2mx − 1, x  0
f(x) =  f [f(x)] =
 mx − 1, x0 (A) 0 (B) x
If f(x) is one-one then set of values of ‘m’ (C) x n
(D) (an – x)n
will be
(A) (– , 0) (B) (– , 0] Sol. …………………………………………..
(C) (0, ) (D) [0, )
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

1, when x Q
57. If function =
f(x) , Sol. …………………………………………..
0, when x  Q
fof ( 4 ) the value will be- …………………………………………..
(A) 0 (B) 2
(C) 1 (D) 3 …………………………………………..

Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. 60. Let f and g be two functions both being

defined from R → R as follows
x
58. If f(x) = , then fofof (x) = x+ | x | x ; x0
(1 + x 2 ) f(x) = and g(x) =  2
2 x ; x  0
3x x then
(A) (B)
(1 + x )
2
(1 + 3x 2 ) (A) fog is defined but gof is not
(B) gof is defined but fog is not
3x x
(C) (D) (C) both gof and fog are defined but they
(1 – x )
2
(1 − 3x 2 ) are unequal
Sol. ………………………………………….. (D) both gof and fog are defined and they
are equal function
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
 
59. If f(x) = sin x + sin  x +  + cos x cos
2 2
 3 …………………………………………..
   5
 x +  and g   = 1, then (gof) (x) =  x, x  Q 0 x  Q
3 4 61. f (x) =  ; g (x) = 
(A) –2 (B) –1  0, x  Q x x  Q
(C) 2 (D) 1 then (f – g) is

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 FUNCTION
(A) one-one, onto
(B) neither one-one, nor onto Sol. …………………………………………..
(C) one-one but not onto
(D) onto but not one – one …………………………………………..

Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. 64. If f(x) = px + q and f(f(f(x)) = 8x + 21

where p and q are real numbers, then p +
………………………………………….. q equals -
(A) 3 (B) 5
………………………………………….. (C) 7 (D) 11

………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

62. Let f(x)= log x and …………………………………………..

x − 2x + 3x − 2x + 2
4 3 2
g(x)= . The …………………………………………..
2x 2 − 2x + 1
domain of the composite function fog(x)
is- …………………………………………..
(A) (− , ) (B) [0, )
…………………………………………..
(C) (0, ) (D) [1, )
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. 65. If f(x) = (ax2 + b)3 , then the function g

such that f(g(x)) = g(f(x)) is given by -
…………………………………………..  
b−x 1/ 3
(A) g(x) =  

 a 
…………………………………………..
1
(B) g(x) =
………………………………………….. (ax + b) 3
2

(C) g(x) = (ax2 + b)1/3

…………………………………………..  x1 / 3 − b 
1/ 2
(D) g(x) =  

 a 
1− x
63. If f(x) = , then f [f (sin)] equals -
1+ x Sol. …………………………………………..
(A) sin  (B) tan (/2)
(C) cot (/2) (D) cosec  …………………………………………..

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
67. Let Z denote the set of integers. Let p be a
………………………………………….. prime number and let Z 1  {0, 1}. Let f: Z
→ Z and g : Z → Z 1 be defined as follows:
………………………………………….. f(n) = pn ; if n  Z and g(n) = 1; if n is a
perfect square, g(n) = 0; otherwise
………………………………………….. If we consider the composite function gof,
then:
………………………………………….. (A) gof is onto but f is not onto
(B) gof is one-one but g is not one-one
…………………………………………..
(C) gof is invertible but g is not invertible
………………………………………….. (D) f and g are both one-one

Sol. …………………………………………..
 –1; x  0

66. If f (x) =  0; x = 0 and …………………………………………..
 1; x  0

…………………………………………..
g(x) = x(1 – x ) then -
2

 –1; –1  x  0 or x  1 …………………………………………..

(A) fog (x) =  0; x = 0, 1, –1
 1; 0  x 1 …………………………………………..

 –1; –1  x  0
 …………………………………………..
(B) fog (x) = 0; x = 0, 1, – 1
1; 0  x 1 If f(x) = sin2x, g(x) =
 68. x and
 –1; –1  x  0 or x  1 h(x) = cos–1x, 0  x  1, then -
 (A) hogof(x) = gofoh(x)
(C) fog (x)= 0; x = 0, 1, – 1
(B) gofoh(x) = fohog(x)
1; 0  x  1 or x  –1
 (C) fohog(x) = hogof(x)
1; –1  x  0 or x  1 (D) hogof(x) = cos–1  sin 2 x 
  
(D) fog (x)= 0; x = 0, 1, – 1
1; 0  x  1 or x  –1 Sol. …………………………………………..

…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

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 FUNCTION
69. Let f(x) = max {1 + sin x, 1, 1 – cos x}, x …………………………………………..
 [0, 2] and g(x) = max {1, |x – 1|}
x  R, then - …………………………………………..
(A) g(f(0)) = 0 (B) g(f(1)) = 1
(C) f (g(1)) = 1 (D) f(g(0)) = sin 1 72. Let f(x) = sin x + cos x and g(x) = x2 – 1,
then g (f(x)) will be invertible for the
Sol. ………………………………………….. domain-
(A) x  [0, ] (B) x   –  ,  
…………………………………………..  4 4

(C) x  0,   (D) x   –  , 0 

…………………………………………..  2  2 

…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
INVERSE
…………………………………………..
70. Which of the following functions is
inverse of itself - …………………………………………..
1− x
(A) f (x) = (B) g (x) = 5log x
1+ x …………………………………………..
(C) h (x) = 2 x (x–1)
(D) (x) = sin x
73. The inverse of function f(x) = loga
Sol. ………………………………………….. (x + x 2 + 1 ); (where a > 0 and a  1) is:
1
(A) (ax –a–x)
………………………………………….. 2
1
(B) (ax + a–x)
………………………………………….. 2
(C) does not exist if x  R
………………………………………….. (D) exists only if x  R+

………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

71. Let f : A → B be an invertible function. If …………………………………………..

f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2 + x – 1, then
f–1(5) = …………………………………………..
(A) 2 (B) 1
(C) 6 …………………………………………..
(D) cannot be determined
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

ex – e–x Sol. …………………………………………..

74. The inverse of the function y = –x
is
e +ex

1 1+ x 1 2+ x …………………………………………..
(A) loge (B) log e
2 1− x 2 2−x …………………………………………..
1 1− x
(C) log e (D) 2 loge(1+ x)
2 1+ x …………………………………………..

Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
77. If the function f : [1, + ) → [1, +) is
………………………………………….. defined by f(x) = 2x(x–1) then f–1 (x) is -
x ( x −1)
(A)  
1
…………………………………………..
2
………………………………………….. (B)
1
2
( )
1 + 1 + 4 log 2 x

75. If f(x) is an invertible function, and (C)

1
(1 – 1 + 4 log 2 x)
g(x) =2 f(x) + 5, then the value of g–1(x), 2
is (D) not defined
1
(A) 2f–1(x) – 5 (B)
2f –1 ( x ) + 5 Sol. …………………………………………..
(D) f −1  x − 5 
1 −1
(C) f (x) + 5 …………………………………………..
2  2 
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
78. Let f(x) = [x] + {x} ; where [.] denotes the
…………………………………………..
integral part of x and {x} denotes the
76. Suppose f(x) = (x + 1)2 for x  –1. If g(x) fractional part of x. Then f–1(x) is-
is the function whose graph is the (A) [x] + {x} (B) [x]2 + {x}
reflection of f(x) w.r.t. y = x, then g(x)
(C) [x] + {x}2 (D) {x} + {x}
equals:
1
(A) – x –1, x0 (B) , x > –1
( x + 1) 2 Sol. …………………………………………..
(C) x +1 , x  –1 (D) x –1, x0
…………………………………………..

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 FUNCTION
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

79. If f : [1, ) → [2, ) is given by …………………………………………..

1
f (x) = x + then f–1 (x) equals –
x …………………………………………..
x+ x −4 2
x
(A) (B)
2 1 + x2
81. If f is a strictly decreasing function with
x − x2 − 4
(C) (D) 1 + x − 4 2
range [a, b], its domain is
2 (A) [b, a] (B) [f–1(a), f–1(b)]
Sol. …………………………………………..
(C) [f–1(b), f–1(a)] (D) [a,b]
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
82. If f(x) = 5 log5x then f –1
( – ) where
…………………………………………..    R is equal to-
f −1 ()
(A) f –1 () – f –1 () (B)
………………………………………….. f −1 ()
1 1
(C) (D)
f ( − ) f () − f ()
x|x|
80. If f(x) = – , then f–1(x) equals
1+ x2
Sol. …………………………………………..
|x| |x|
(A) (B) (sgn x)
1 – (x) 1– | x | …………………………………………..
x |x|
(C) – (D) …………………………………………..
1– x 1– | x |

…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

GRAPH 86. Let f: R → R be a function defined by f(x)

| x |3 + | x |
83. Graph of y = f(x) is symmetrical about the =– , then the graph of f(x) lies in
1+ x2
line x = 1 then the –
(A) f(x) = f(– x) (A) I and II quadrants
(B) f(1 + x) = f(1 – x ) (B) I and III quadrants
(C) f(x + 1) = f(x – 1) (C) II and III quadrants
(D) f(x–1)=f(x) (D) III and IV quadrants

Sol. ………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

84. If graph of y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d is …………………………………………..

symmetrical about line x = k then-
c …………………………………………..
(A) a + +k=0 (B) k = c
2b
c c 87. This graph could be a sketch of the part of
(C) k = – (D) k =
b b the curve - y
(A) 6y = 13cos–1 x – 5
Sol. ………………………………………….. (B) 2y = cos–1 x /4
–1
(C) y = cos x –/4 x' x
………………………………………….. –1
(D) 3y = cos x –/4 –1 O 1 1
2
y'
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

85. Graph of f(x) = loga (x + x 2 + 1) …………………………………………..

(a > 0,  1) is symmetric about …………………………………………..
(A) x-axis (B) origin
(C) y-axis (D) y = x …………………………………………..
Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. 88. Let f(x) be a second degree polynomial

function such that nf(x) > 0  x  R &
…………………………………………..
the equation f '(x) + 786f(x), has no real
………………………………………….. roots. If g(x) = e786x f(x), then -
(A) g(x) is an increasing function
………………………………………….. (B) f(x) is a decreasing function
(C) g(x) is an even function
………………………………………….. (D) the graph of g(x) cuts x-axis at least
once.

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 FUNCTION
Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

…………………………………………..
91. If af(x + 1) + bf  1  = x, x  – 1, a  b
 x +1 
………………………………………….. then f(2) is equal is -
2a + b a
89. The number of solutions of the equation (A) (B) 2
2(a − b )
2 2
a − b2
5{x} = 4x + [x] is (Here [ ] denotes
greatest integer function and {} denotes a + 2b
(C) 2 (D) ab
the fractional part function) - a − b2
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3 Sol. …………………………………………..

Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

FUNCTIONAL RELATIONS …………………………………………..

90. Let f : R → R and g : R → R be two one-

92. If f(x + 2a) = f(x – 2a), then f(x) is-
one and onto functions such that they are
(A) a periodic function with period 4
the mirror images of each other about the
line y = 2. If h(x) = f(x) + g(x), then h(0) (B) a periodic function with period 2a
equal to (C) a periodic function with
(A) 2 (B) 4 indeterminate period
(C) 0 (D) 1 (D) a non periodic function

Sol. ………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

(43)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. 95. If f(x) is an even function and satisfies the

relation x2f(x) – 2f   = g(x) where g(x)
1
………………………………………….. x
is an odd function then f(5) equals
50
93. If f : R → R is a function satisfying the (A) 0 (B)
75
property f(x +1) + f(x + 3) = 2  x R 49
then the period (may not be fundamental (C) (D) 1
75
period) of f (x) is
(A) 3 (B) 4 Sol. …………………………………………..
(C) 7 (D) 6
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
96. If 2f(x–1) – f  1 − x  = x, then f(x) is -
…………………………………………..  x 

1 1 
94. Let f be an even periodic function with
(A)  2(x + 1) + x + 1
3
period 2 and f(x) = x  x [0, 1]. Then  1− x 
(B) 2 (x − 1) −
f(3.14) equals
 x 
(A) –3.14 (B) –0.14
1
(C) 0.14 (D) 0.86 (C) x2 + 2 + 3
x
1  1
Sol. ………………………………………….. (D)  2x + 
3 x
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
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 FUNCTION
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

97. If 2f(sin x) + 2 f (− cos x) = – tanx, then  y y

99. If f  2x + , 2x −  = xy then f(x, y) +
f(1/2) is equal to  8 8
3+ 2 3− 2 f(y, x)=
(A) (B)
6 6 (A) 0 (B) 1
2 −3 3− 2 (C) 2 (D) 3
(C) (D)
6 6
Sol. …………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
100. If a, b be two fixed positive integers such
………………………………………….. that f(a + x) = b + [b3 + 1 – 3b2 f(x) + 3b
{f(x)}2 – {f(x)}3]1/3 for all real x, then f(x)
………………………………………….. is a periodic function with period -
(A) a (B) 2a
98. If f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y) for all real x, y and (C) b (D) 2b
f(0)  0 then the function
f (x) Sol. …………………………………………..
g(x) = is
1 + {f (x)}2
…………………………………………..
(A) even function
(B) odd function …………………………………………..
(C) odd if f(x) > 0
(D) neither even nor odd …………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
………………………………………….. 103. A function f : R → R is defined by
f(x + y) – kxy = f(x) + 2y2  x, y  R and
………………………………………….. f(1) = 2 ; f(2) = 8, where k is some
 1 
………………………………………….. constant, then f(x + y) . f 
 x + y 
………………………………………….. = (x + y  0) -
(A) 1 (B) 4
101. If f(x) = x2 + bx + c and f(2 + t) = (C) k2 (D) k2 + 4
f(2 – t) for all real numbers t, then which
of the following is true Sol. …………………………………………..
(A) f(1) < f(2) < f(4)
(B) f(2) < f(1) < f(4) …………………………………………..
(C) f(2) < f(4) < f(1)
(D) f(4) < f(2) < f(1) …………………………………………..

Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. 104. Consider a real valued function f(x)

satisfying 2f (xy) = (f(x))y + f((y))x  x, y
102. If f(x) is a function such that f(0) = 2, f(1)  R and f(1) = a where a  1, then
= 3 and f(x + 2) = 2f(x) –f(x + 1) for n
xR, then f(5) is - (a – 1)  f (i) equals -
i =1
(A) 7 (B) 13
(C) 1 (D) 5 (A) an (B) an+1
(C) an–1 + a (D) an+1 – a
Sol. …………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

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 FUNCTION
105. The function ƒ(x) is defined for all real x. x
107. If f(x) = x4 , f(x)+f(1 – x) = a and f  1 
If ƒ(a + b) = ƒ(ab)  a and b and ƒ  − 1  4 +2  97 
 2
+ f  2  + …. + f  96  = b then order pair
1  97   97 
= − then ƒ(2007) equals -
2 (a, b) is -
(A) –2003 (B) 2003 (A) (2, 20) (B) (1, 48)
(C) –1/2 (D) 1/2 (C) (1, 24) (D) (2, 96)

Sol. ………………………………………….. Sol. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

n
108. If ƒ is a polynomial function satisfying
106. If  f (x + ka ) = 0 , where a > 0, then the 2 + ƒ(x) · ƒ(y) = ƒ(x) + ƒ(y) + ƒ(xy),  x,
k =0 y  R and if ƒ(2) = 5, then find ƒ(f(2)) -
period of f(x) is - (A) 26 (B) 28
(A) a (C) 6 (D) 25
(B) (n + 1) a
(C)
a Sol. …………………………………………..
n +1
(D) f(x) is non-periodic …………………………………………..

Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

MISCELLANEOUS

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
109. Let the function f(x) = 3x2 – 4x + 8 log 111. The range of k for which ||x–1|–5| = k have
(1 + | x | ) be defined on the interval [0, 1]. four distinct solutions -
The even extension of f(x) to the interval (A) [0, 5] (B) (–, 5)
[–1, 0] is - (C) [0, ) (D) (0, 5)
(A) 3x2 + 4x + 8 log(1 + | x |)
(B) 3x2 – 4x + 8 log(1 + | x |) Sol. …………………………………………..
(C) 3x2 + 4x – 8 log(1 + | x |)
(D) 3x2 – 4x – 8 log (1 + | x |) …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

…………………………………………..   
112. If A =  x :  x   and
 6 3
110. Let f be an injective map. with domain f(x) = cos x – x (1 + x) then f(A) is equal
{x, y, z} and range {1, 2, 3}, such that to-
exactly one of the following statements is
 
correct and the remaining are false : (A)  , 
f(x) = 1, f(y)  1, f(z)  2. The value of 6 3
f –1 (1) is -   
(B)  − , − 
(A) x (B) y  3 6
(C) z (D) 1 1    3    
(C)  − 1 +  , − 1 +  
 2 3  3  2 6  6 
Sol. …………………………………………..
1    3    
………………………………………….. (D)  + 1 −  , + 1 −  
2 3 3 2 6  6 
…………………………………………..
Sol. …………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
113. Let ƒ(x) = max. {(1 – x), (1 + x), 2}, 
………………………………………….. x  R. Then -

(48)
 FUNCTION

1 + x, x  −1
 …………………………………………..
(A) ƒ (x) =  2, −1  x  1
1 − x, x 1
 …………………………………………..
1 − x, x  −1
 …………………………………………..
(B) ƒ(x) =  1, −1  x  1
1 + x, x 1

…………………………………………..
1 − x, x  −1

(C) ƒ (x) =  2, −1  x  1 …………………………………………..
1 + x, x 1

115. Let ƒ be a function defined on [–2, 2] and
(D) All are incorrect
 –1, –2  x  0
is given by ƒ(x)=  and
Sol. …………………………………………..  x − 1, 0  x  2
………………………………………….. g(x) = ƒ(|x|) + |ƒ(x)| . Then g(x) is equal to
…………………………………………..  − x, −2  x  0
………………………………………….. 
(A)  0, 0  x 1
…………………………………………..  x − 1, 1  x  2

 1  − x, −2  x  0
114. If ƒ(x) = maximum  x 3 , x 2 ,   x  
 64  (B)  0, 0  x 1
[0, ), then - 2(x − 1), 1  x  2

x 2 , 0  x  1  –x, –2  x  0
(A) f(x) =  3 (C) 
x , x 1
 x − 1, 0  x  2
1 1 (D) g(x) cannot be determined
 64 , 0  x 
4

 1 Sol. …………………………………………..
(B) f(x) =  x 2 ,  x 1
 3 4
x , x 1 …………………………………………..

…………………………………………..
1 1
 64 , 0  x  8 …………………………………………..

 1
(C) f(x) =  x 2  x 1
 3 8 …………………………………………..
x , x 1
 …………………………………………..
1 1
 , 0x …………………………………………..
 64 8
(D) f(x) = 
 x3 , 1 …………………………………………..
x

 8
Sol. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
(49)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

JEE ADVANCED EXERCISE

SINGLE ANSWER TYPE:
1. The true set of values of ‘K’ for which -------------------------------------------------
 1  Kπ
sin −1  2 = may have a solution -------------------------------------------------
 1 + sin x  6
is: -------------------------------------------------
1 1
(A)  ,  (B) [1, 3] -------------------------------------------------
4 2
1 1  3. Number of elements in the range set of
(C)  ,  (D) [ 2, 4]
6 2  x   15 
f (x)
=    −  ∀ x ∈ (0, 90); (where
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- 15   x 
[.] denotes greatest integer function):
------------------------------------------------- (A) 5 (B) 6
(C) 7 (D) Infinite
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

2. If [5 sin x] + [cos x] + 6 = 0, then range of -------------------------------------------------

f (x)
= 3 cos x + sin x corresponding to so-
lution set of the given equation is: (where -------------------------------------------------
[.] denotes greatest integer function)
4. The maximum integral value of x in the do-
 3 3+2 
(A) [–2, –1) (B)  −
5
, − 4 = (
main of f (x) log10 log1/3 ( log4 ( x − 5) ) )
 
is:
 3 3+4  (A) 5 (B) 7
(C) [ −2, − 3) (D)  − 5 , − 1 (C) 8 (D) 9
 
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
(50)
 FUNCTION
n −1
------------------------------------------------- 7. Let f(1) = 1, and f (n) = 2∑ f (r). Then
r =1

------------------------------------------------- m

∑ f (r) is equal to:

r =1
5. Let f : N → Z and
3m − 1
 x −1 (A) (B) 3m
 2 ; when x is odd 2
f (x) =  , then;
 − x ; when x is even 3m −1 − 1
(C) 3m−1 (D)
 2 2
(A) f(x) is bijective Sol. -------------------------------------------------
(B) f(x) is injective but not surjective
(C) f(x) is not injective but surjective -------------------------------------------------
(D) f(x) is neither injective nor surjective
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- 8. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree 5 with

leading coefficient unity such that f(1)= 5,
6. The number of solutions of the equaiton f(2) = 4, f(3) = 3, f(4) = 2, f(5) = 1. Then
[y + [y]] = 2 cos x is: f(6) is equal to:
(A) 0 (B) 24
1
(where y = sin x + sin x + [sin x ]  and (C) 120 (D) 720
3 Sol. -------------------------------------------------
[.] greatest integer function)
(A) 0 (B) 1 -------------------------------------------------
(C) 2 (D) infinite
-------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
9. The number of positive integral values of x-
-------------------------------------------------
x  x 
satisfying   =   is:
-------------------------------------------------  9   11 
(51)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
(where [.] denotes greatest integer function)
(A) 21 (B) 22 Sol. -------------------------------------------------
(C) 23 (D) 24
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
12. (
Range of f (x) = sin log 7 ( cos ( sin x ) ) )
------------------------------------------------- is:
(A) [0, 1) (B) {0, 1}
------------------------------------------------- (C) [3, 3] (D) [2, 3]
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
10. The domain of function
=f (x) log  1
 x + 2 
( 2x 2
+ x − 1) , where [.] de- -------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
notes the greatest integer function is:
3  -------------------------------------------------
(A)  , ∞  (B) ( 2, ∞ )
2 
13. Range of the function
 1  1  1 
(C)  − , ∞  −   (D)  , 1 ∪ (1, ∞ ) = cot {− x} + sin {x} + cos {x}, {.}
−1 −1 −1
f (x)
 2  2 2 
denotes fractional part function:
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
 3π  3π
(A)  , π  (B)  , π 
-------------------------------------------------  4   4 
 3π  3π
------------------------------------------------- (C)  , π  (D)  , π 
 4   4 
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

11. The number of solutions of the equaiton -------------------------------------------------

x
e − log x =
0 is:
14. Range of the function,
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
f (x) =
(1 + x + x )(1 + x ) , for x > 0 is:
2 4

x3

(52)
 FUNCTION
(A) [0, ∞) (B) [2, ∞) (A) b2 = 3c (B) b2 = 4c
(C) [4, ∞) (D) [6, ∞) (C) b2 = 12c (D) b2 = 8c
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

15. Set values of ‘a’ for which the function -------------------------------------------------

f : R → R, given by
-------------------------------------------------
f (x) = x 3 + ( a + 2 ) x 2 + 3ax + 10 is one-one
is given by: 17. Let=
f (x) sin −1 x − cos−1 x, then the set of
(A) ( −∞, 1] ∪ [4, ∞) (B) [1, 4]
values of k for which of f (x) = k has ex-
(C) [1, ∞ ) (D) [ −∞, 4]
actly tow distinct solutions is:
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
 π  π
------------------------------------------------- (A)  0,  (B)  0, 
 2  2

-------------------------------------------------  π 3π   3π 
(C)  ,  (D)  π, 
2 2   2
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

16. If the range of the funciton -------------------------------------------------

 π
f (x) tan −1 ( 3x 2 + bx + c )
= is 0, 2  ; 18. Consider all function f: {1, 2, 3, 4} → {1,
2, 3, 4} which are one-one, onto and satisfy
(domain is R), then:

(53)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
the following property: if f(k) is odd then 20. The number of integral values of x in the
f(k + 1) is even, k = 1, 2, 3. domain of function of defined as
The number of such funciton is: 2
(A) 4 (B) 8 f=
(x) ln ln x + 7 x − x − 10 is:
(C) 12 (D) 16 (A) 5 (B) 6
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- (C) 7 (D) 8
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

19. Let f : R → R and -------------------------------------------------

x ( x + 1) ( x + 1) + x + 2
4 4

f (x) = , then 21. The complete set of values of x in the do-

x2 + x + 1 main of function
f(x) is:
(A) one-one, into (B) many one, onto f (x)
= log x + 2{x} ([x]2 − 5[x] + 7 ) (where
(C) one-one, onto (D) Many one, into [.] denote greatest integer function and {.}
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- denote fractionpart function) is:
-------------------------------------------------  1  1 
(A)  − , 0  ∪  , 1 ∪ ( 2, ∞ )
 3  3 
-------------------------------------------------
(B) ( 0, 1) ∪ (1, ∞ )
-------------------------------------------------  2  1 
(C)  − , 0  ∪  , 1 ∪ (1, ∞ )
-------------------------------------------------
 3  3 
 1  1 
------------------------------------------------- (D)  − , 0  ∪  , 1 ∪ (1, ∞ )
 3  3 
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

(54)
 FUNCTION

------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- MULTIPLE ANSWER TYPE:

24. The domain of the function
22. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and f: A → A, then total
number of invetible funciton ‘f’ such that –1  1– | x | 
f(x) = sec  is
 2 
f (2) ≠ 2, f (4) ≠ 4, f(1) = 1 is equal to:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (A) (– ∞, – 1] ∪ [1, ∞)
(C) 3 (D) 4 (B) (– ∞, – 2] ∪ [2, ∞)
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- (C) (– ∞, – 3] ∪ [3, ∞)
(D) (– ∞, – 4) ∪ (4, ∞)
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- 25. Domain of f(x) = sin–1 [x2– 4]2 is (where [x]

represents greatest integer ≤ x)
23. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and
f : A → B is an injective mapping satisfy- (
(A) − 6, 6 )
ing f (i ) ≠ i, then number of such mappings (B)  3, 6 )
are:
(A) 182 (B) 181 (
(C) − 6, − 3  ∪  3, 6 )
(C) 183 (D) None
(D) ( − 5, − 3  ∪  3, 5)

(55)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

Sol. ------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

26. The domain of the function

 1  1
28. If f(x) = cos–1(x – x2) + 1 –  + 2
2x – 1  | x |  [ x – 1]
y= 3 2
+ sin –1 (log 2 x) is -
2x + 3x + x then domain of f(x) is (where [.] is the greatest
1  1  integer)
(A)  , ∞ (B)  , 2
2 2   1+ 5   1+ 5 
(C) [1, 2] (D) (1, ∞) (A)  2 , 
2  (B)  – 2 , 
2 
 
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
 1– 2   1+ 2 
------------------------------------------------- (C)  – 2 , 
2  (D)  2, 2 
  
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

27. The domain of definition of the function -------------------------------------------------

cot –1 x
-------------------------------------------------
f(x) = , where [x] denotes the
{x 2 – [ x 2 ]}
greatest integer less than or equal to x is - 29. The function f(x) = cot–1 (x + 3) x + cos–
(A) R
1 x 2 + 3x + 1 is defined on the set S, where S
(B) R – {± n : n ∈ I+ ∪ {0}}
(C) R – {0} is equal to:
(D) R – {n : n ∈ Ι} (A) {0, 3} (B) (0, 3)
(C) {0, –3} (D) [–3, 0]

(56)
 FUNCTION

Sol. ------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

30. Range of the function 32. Let f be a function satisfying f(x + y) = f(x) .
n
1
f ( x ) = tan−1
[ x ] + [ −x ] + 2 − x + 2 is f(y) ∀ x, y∈ R .If f((1) = 3 then ∑ f (r ) is
x r =1

a subset of, where [] is the greatest integer less than or equal to (n > 10)
function. 3 n 3
(A) (3 − 1) (B) n ( n + 1)
LM 1 , ∞IJ RS 1 UV ∪ g 2 2
(A)
N4 K (B)
T4 W 2,∞
(C) 3n + 1 – 3 (D)
3
n(n − 1)
R1 U
(C) S , 2 V
L1 O
(D) M , 2 P
2
T4 W N4 Q Sol. -------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
31. Let the function f : D → R ;
-------------------------------------------------
=f ( x ) log 5 log 1 ( 3
( log ( 2 x + 1 ) ) )
8
-------------------------------------------------
where, if S represents the maximum pos-
sible sum of the absolute values of all inte-
-------------------------------------------------
gers in D, then the value of S, is always
greater than
33. Which of the following options, is / are true
(A) 5 (B) 10
(C) 6 (D) 3 (A) Range of x 2 − 2x + 1 + x 2 + 4x + 4 is
[3, ∞)

(57)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

(B) Range of  sin 2 x  +  -sin 2 x  (where

-------------------------------------------------
⋅ is G.I.F) is {0, –1})
(C) The period -------------------------------------------------
2 2
of sin x + cos x - { }{
sin 2 x - cos 2 x , } -------------------------------------------------

π -------------------------------------------------
(where {}
⋅ denotes decimal part) is
2
π  π  -------------------------------------------------
(D) If f(x) = sin x sin  3 + x  sin  3 − x then
-------------------------------------------------
 π 1
f  =
 18  8 35. Among the following, which is / are periodic
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- functions
|x|
------------------------------------------------- (A)
x

------------------------------------------------- (B) sinπx + { x} where {}

⋅ to decimal part
of x
------------------------------------------------- (C) cos x + tan π x
 1
------------------------------------------------- (D) max sin x, 2 
 
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
34. If the domain of f(x) be (–1, 2), then
(A) domain of f(sinx) will be (–∞, ∞ )
36. If f(x) = sgn (x), g(x) = x(x 2 –1),
1 2 h(x) = (x 2 –1)sin x, then which of the
(B) domain of f(loge x) will be  e , e 
following is/are periodic functions
(C) domain of f([x]) will be (0, 2) (A) g(f(x)) (B) f(g(x))
(D) domain of f (|x|) will be (–2, 2) (C) h(f(x)) (D) g(h(x))
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

(58)
 FUNCTION
(A) f(x) is an even function
-------------------------------------------------
 π  π
(B) f   = f  
8 4
-------------------------------------------------
(C) f(x) > f(y) ∀ x > y
(D) f(x) is not a periodic function
π  π 
Let f(x) = cos2 x + cos2  + x  + cos  - x  , Sol. -------------------------------------------------
2
37.
3 3
then -------------------------------------------------
3  π 3
(A) f ( 0) = (B) f   = -------------------------------------------------
2 6 4

 3π  3 3 -------------------------------------------------
(C) f   = (D) f ( −1) =
17 2 4
-------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
40. Which of the following statements are true
------------------------------------------------- for the function

-------------------------------------------------=  x2 + e   x2 + e 
f (x) sin log  2  + coslog  2 
 x +1   x +1 
38. If f(x) is a polynomial function satisfying
f(x) . f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x) and f(2) = 9, (
(A) Range of the function is 1, 641/8 
then (B) Domain of the function ∈R
(A) 2 f(4) = 3 f(6) (B) 14 f(1) = f(3) (C) Function is even
(C) 9 f(3) = 2 f(5) (D) f(10) = f(11) (D) Function is invertible
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
π 
39. If f(x) = cos2 x + cos2  + x  -------------------------------------------------
3 
π  -------------------------------------------------
−cosx.cos  + x  then
3 
(59)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
41. Let f (x) = x 2 − 4x + 3 − 2 . Wich of the
following is/are correct?
(A) f(x) = m has exactly two real solutions  x2 0<x<2
of different sign ∀ m > 2. 43. Let f (x)=  2x − 3 2 ≤ x < 3, then the
(B) f(x) = m has exactly two real solutions  x+2 x≥3

∀ m ∈ ( 2, ∞ ) ∪ {0}. equations:
(C) f(x) = m has no solutions ∀ m < 0.    3   3
(D) f(x) = m has four distinct real solution (A) f  f  f  2    = f  2 
     
∀ m∈ (0, 1).
Sol. -------------------------------------------------    5   5
(B) 1 + f  f  f  2    =
f 
    2
-------------------------------------------------
( )
(C) f f ( f ( 2 ) ) = f (1)
-------------------------------------------------
f ( f ( f (....f (4) ) ) ... ) = 2012
(D)  
------------------------------------------------- 1004 times

Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
42. loge x = k − 1 − 3 has four distinct roots
-------------------------------------------------
then k satisfies: (where |x| < e2, x ≠ 0)
(A) (–4, –2) (B) (4, 6)
-------------------------------------------------
(C) (e–1, e) (D) (e–2, e–1)
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

(60)
 FUNCTION

 2π 5π  e−x
44. Let f :  , → [0, 4] be a function 46. For the equation = λ, which of the
 3 3  1+ x
following statement(s) is/are correct?
defined as f (x)= 3 sin x − cos x + 2, then:
(A) when λ ∈ (0, ∞) equaiton has 2 real and
−1 4π distinct roots
(A) f (1) = (B) f −1 (1) = π
3 (B) when λ∈(−∞, −e2) equaiton has 2 real and
−1 5π 7π distinct roots
(C) f (2) = (D) f −1 (2) =
6 6 (C) when λ ∈ (0, ∞) equaiton has 1 real root
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- (D) when λ∈ (−e, 0) equaiton has no real
root
-------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
45. Let f :R→R defined by
-------------------------------------------------
f=
(x) cos −1
( − {−x}) , where {x} is
-------------------------------------------------
fractional part function. Then which of the
following is/are correct?
-------------------------------------------------
(A) f is many-one but not even funciton
(B) Range of f contains two pime numbers
(C) f is a periodic 47. The equation x − 1 + a= 4, a ∈ R, has:
(D) Graph of f does not lie below x-axis (A) 3 distinct real roots for unique
value of a
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
(B) 4 distinct real roots for a ∈ ( −∞, − 4)
------------------------------------------------- (C) 2 distinct real roots for a < 4
(D) no real roots for a > 4
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

(61)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
1   x 2 
48. If the domain of f (x) = cos −1 log3   
π   3  -------------------------------------------------
where, x > 0 is [a, b] and the range of f(x) is
[c, d], then: -------------------------------------------------
(A) a, b are the roots of the equation
-------------------------------------------------
x 4 − 3x 3 − x + 3 = 0
(B) a, b are the roots of the equation 50. Which of the following is(are) incorrect?
x4 − x3 − x2 − 2x +1 =0 (A) If f (x) = sin x and g(x) = ln x then range
(C) a3 + d3 = 1
of g(f(x)) is [–1, 1]
(D) a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 11
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- (B) If x 2 + ax + 9 > x ∀ x ∈ R then
–5 < a < 7
------------------------------------------------- 1
(C) If =
f (x) ( 2011 − x )
2012 2012
then
-------------------------------------------------
1
f ( f ( 2) ) =
------------------------------------------------- 2
(D) The function f : R → R defined as
-------------------------------------------------
x 2 + 4x + 30
f (x) = is not surjective.
------------------------------------------------- x 2 − 8x + 18
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
49. The number of real values of x satisfying the
-------------------------------------------------
 2x + 1   4x + 5  3x − 1
equaiton;  + = are
 3   6  2
-------------------------------------------------
greater than or equal to {[.] denotes greatest
integer function}: -------------------------------------------------
(A) 7 (B) 8
(C) 9 (D) 10 -------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
(62)
 FUNCTION

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

COMPREHENSION TYPE: -------------------------------------------------

PASSAGE-1: -------------------------------------------------
Let f(x + y) + f(x – y) = 2f(x) f(y) ∀x, y ∈ R
-------------------------------------------------
and f ( 0 ) ≠ 0 . Now answer the following
questions based on above equation. -------------------------------------------------

51. The function f(x) is PASSAGE-2:

(A) even Let a real function f(x) satisfies the following
(B) odd conditions :
(C) both even & odd
( )
2
(D) neither even nor odd (i) f ( x + y + 1) = f ( x ) + f ( y )
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
∀ x,y ∈R
------------------------------------------------- (ii) f(0) = 1
(iii) f(x) > 0 ∀ x ∈R
------------------------------------------------- Now answer the following questions :
53. The value of f(3) is
------------------------------------------------- (A) 4 (B) 9
(C) 16 (D) 8
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

52. The value of f(3) – 2kf(2) if f(1) = k is -------------------------------------------------

(A) k (B) –k
(C) 2k (D) –2k -------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
(63)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

n −1 -------------------------------------------------
54. ∑ f ( r ) equals to
r =0
-------------------------------------------------
n ( n +1) n ( n +1)( 2n +1)
(A) (B) -------------------------------------------------
2 6
n2 + n + 6 n 2 + n +1 -------------------------------------------------
(C) (D)
4 2
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

PASSAGE-3:
-------------------------------------------------
Let f(x) = f1(x) – 2f2(x),
------------------------------------------------- where f1(x) = min {x2, |x|}. for –1 < x < 1
= max {x2, |x|}, for |x| > 1
------------------------------------------------- f2(x) = max {x2, |x|}, for –1 < x < 1
= min {x2, |x|}, for |x| > 1
------------------------------------------------- ì
ï min {f ( t ) : -3 £ t £ x, - 3 £ x < 0}
ï
and ( ) í
g x =
-------------------------------------------------
ï
ï
ï max {f ( t ) : 0 £ t £ x, 0 £ x £ 3 }
î
Now answer the following questions based
------------------------------------------------- on above information.

------------------------------------------------- 56. For –3 < x < –1, range of g(x), is

(A) [–1, 3] (B) [–1, –15]
------------------------------------------------- (C) [–1, 9] (D) [–3, 3]

------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
55. The value of f(2) is
(A) 4 (B) 9 -------------------------------------------------
(C) 16 (D) 8
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

(64)
 FUNCTION

58. The valueof {f ( 5.12 )} (where {.} denotes

-------------------------------------------------
fractional part function), is:
------------------------------------------------- (A) {f(3.26)} (B) {f(7.88)}
(C) {f(2.12)} (D) {f(5.88)}
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

57. For x Î (–1, 0), f(x) – g(x), is -------------------------------------------------

(A) x2 – 2x + 1 (B) x2 + 2x – 1
(C) x2 + 2x + 1 (D) x2 – 2x – 1 -------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
59. The number of solutions of f (x) = 3sin x
-------------------------------------------------
for x ∈ ( −6, 6) are:
------------------------------------------------- (A) 5 (B) 3
(C) 7 (D) 9
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

PASSAGE-4: -------------------------------------------------
An even periodic function f : R → R with
period 4 is that -------------------------------------------------

 max . ( x , x 2 ) ; 0 ≤ x < 1 -------------------------------------------------

f (x) = 
 x; 1≤ x ≤ 2
-------------------------------------------------

(65)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- 61. The set ‘A’ equals to

(A) [5, 2] (B) [–2, 5]
------------------------------------------------- (C) [–5, 2] (D) [–5, –2]
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
PASSAGE-5:
Let f : [2, ∞) → [1, ∞) defined by -------------------------------------------------

π  -------------------------------------------------
and g :  , π  → A defined
4
− 4x 2
f (x) = 2 x
2 
-------------------------------------------------
sin x + 4
by g(x) = be two invertible
sin x − 2 -------------------------------------------------
functions, then
-------------------------------------------------
60. f (x) is equal to
−1

-------------------------------------------------
(A) 2 + 4 − log 2 x
-------------------------------------------------
(B) 2 + 4 + log 2 x
-------------------------------------------------
(C) 4 + 2 + log 2 x
-------------------------------------------------
(D) 4 − 2 + log 2 x
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- MATRIX MATCH TYPE:

62. Match the following
------------------------------------------------- Column-I
x 
------------------------------------------------- (A) The period of the function sin log  
3
------------------------------------------------- (where {x} denotes the fractional part of
‘x’) is
------------------------------------------------- (B) The total number of solutions of the
equation log e x = sin x in [ −π / 2, π / 2]
-------------------------------------------------
is
(C) The least value of the
-------------------------------------------------

(66)
 FUNCTION

f ( x ) sec2 x + cos ec 2 x is
function = Column – II

(D) Let f(x) = | sin x | + | cos x | then é 5ù

(p) êê-1, úú
number of elements in range of [f(x)] ë 4û
where ([ ⋅ ] is G.I.F) is
ïì 1 ïü
(q) R - íï ,1ýï
Column-II îï 5 þï
(p) 1
(r) (-1, ¥)
(q) 4
(r) 5 (s) (1, 2) È (3, ¥)
(s) 3
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
64. Column-I
63. Column – I (A) The number of values of ‘x’ satisfying
(A) Domain of f(x) = loge(ax3 + (b + a)x2 + exlnx = 1 is/are
(b + c) x + c) if b2 – 4ac < 0 ; a > 0 is (B) The number of real solutions of the
(B) Domain of f(x) = logetan–1{(x3 – 6x2 + equation x 2log x ( x +3) = 16 is
11x – 6)x(ex – 1)} (C) The number of roots of the equation
x 2 - 3x + 2 π
(C) Range of f ( x ) = is x + 2 tan x = in the interval [0, 2π ] is
x2 + x - 6 2
x x (D) The period of the function sin3 π t +
(D) Range of f ( x ) = sin 2 + cos is sin4 π t is
4 4
(67)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
Column-II
(p) 0 -------------------------------------------------
(q) 1
(r) 2 -------------------------------------------------
(s) 3
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- 66. Match the columns, given below:

Column-I
-------------------------------------------------
(A) f (x) sin 2 2x − 2 sin 2 x
=
-------------------------------------------------
4
-------------------------------------------------
=
(B) f (x)
π
( sin −1 ( sin πx ) )

------------------------------------------------- (C) f (x) = ln ( cos ( sin x ) )

-------------------------------------------------
−1  x + 1 
2

(D) f (x) = tan  2 

------------------------------------------------- x + 3
Column-II
-------------------------------------------------
(P) Range contains no natural number
65. If x, y, z ∈ R satisfies the system of equaitons (Q) Range contains atleast one integer
x + [y] + {z} = 12.77, [x] + {y} + z = 4.1 (R) Many one but not even function
and {x} + y + [z] = 2 (where {.} and [.] (S) Both many one and even function
denotes the fractional and integral parts (T) Periodic butnot odd function
respectively), then match the following: Sol. -------------------------------------------------
Column-I Column-II
(A) {x} + {y} = (P) 7.7 -------------------------------------------------
(B) [z] + [x] = (Q) 1.1
(C) x + {z} = (R) 1 -------------------------------------------------
(D) z + [y] – {x} = (S) 3
(T) 4 -------------------------------------------------

Sol. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

(68)
 FUNCTION
Column-II
-------------------------------------------------
 5
(P)  −1,
-------------------------------------------------  4 
(Q) [2, ∞)
------------------------------------------------- (R) (1, 2) ∪ (3, ∞)
------------------------------------------------- (S) [0, ∞)
(T) ( −∞, − 3) ∪ ( −2, − 1) ∪ (2, ∞)
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
67. Match the columns, given below:
-------------------------------------------------
Column-I
(A) Domain of
-------------------------------------------------
= {
f (x) ln tan −1 ( x 3 − 6x 2 + +11x − 6 )
-------------------------------------------------
}
x ( e x − 1) is
-------------------------------------------------
x x2
(B) f (x) sin + cos is
Range of=
4 4 -------------------------------------------------
(C) The domain of funciton
-------------------------------------------------
f (x)
= log ( x −1) ( x 2 + 4x + 4 ) is
-------------------------------------------------
 x 2
x <1
(D) Let f (x) =  ;
-------------------------------------------------
x + 1 x ≥ 1
x + 2 x < 1 -------------------------------------------------
g(x) =  2 . Then range
 x x ≥1
-------------------------------------------------
of function f ( g ( x ) ) is
-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
(69)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
INTEGER TYPE:
68. If f(x) = (1005 – x10)1/10, then find the value of -------------------------------------------------
1
f(f(1024)). -------------------------------------------------
210
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
69. If f(x+f(y)) = f(x) + y ∀ x, y∈R and f(0) = 1
-------------------------------------------------
and f(x) is not a constant function, then the
f (10) 71. Let f : R → R such that f(x – f(y)) =
value of is.
5 f(f(y)) + x f(y) + f(x) – 1 ∀ x, y∈R. Then
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- |(f(16))| – 125 =
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
70. Polynomial P(x) contains only terms of odd
degree. When P(x) is divided by (x – 3), -------------------------------------------------
then remainder is 6. If P(x) is divided by
(x2 – 9) then remainder is g(x). Find the value -------------------------------------------------
of g(2).
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- 72. Let f be a function I → R ;

n

------------------------------------------------- f(1) = 1 and ∑ r f (r)

r =1
= n (n + 1) f(n), ∀

------------------------------------------------- n≥ 2 then 2126 f(1063) = _______

(70)
 FUNCTION
74. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B ={0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- If ‘m’ is the number of strictly increasing
function f , f : A → B and n is the number
-------------------------------------------------
of onto funcitons g, g : B → A. Then the last
------------------------------------------------- digit of n – m is.
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
73. Let f(x) be a function such that f(x – 1) +
-------------------------------------------------
f(x + 1) = 2 f(x) ∀ x ∈R. If f(2) = 7, then
17 -------------------------------------------------
∑ [f (2 + 8r) − 7 ] = _________
r =0
-------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
75. If f(x), g(x) are any two real valued functions
-------------------------------------------------
such that |f(x) + g(x)| ≥ |f(x)| + |g(x)| and
100
-------------------------------------------------
g(x) ≠ 0, f(x) g(x) ≤ 0 then ∑ f(r) = ___
r =1
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
1− x 
76. If f2(x) . f  = x3
-------------------------------------------------  1 + x 
[x ≠ − 1,1 & f(x) ≠ 0] then find |[f(–2)]|
------------------------------------------------- (where [.] is the G.I.F.).

Sol. -------------------------------------------------

(71)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

77. If ‘f ’ is polynomial such that -------------------------------------------------

 1 − x   1+ x  1− x   1+ x 
f  .f =
  f  +f  79. The number of elements in therange of the
 1+ x   1− x   1+ x   1 − x 
function:
where (x ≠ 0, ± 1) and f(3) = 28,
 5  4
1  10  =y sin −1  x 2 +  + cos−1  x 2 −  wher [.]
 9  9
then  ∑
60 5  n=1
(f(n) − 1) =_________
 denotes the greatest integer funciton is-
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
78. Let f (x) = x 3 − 3x + 1. Find the number of
different real solution of the equaiton -------------------------------------------------

f ( f ( x ) ) = 0. 80. The number of integers in the range of

Sol. ------------------------------------------------- function
f (x) = [sin x] + [cos x] + [sin x + cos x] is
------------------------------------------------- (where [.] = denotes greatest integer
function)

(72)
 FUNCTION

Sol. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- 83. The number of integral values of m for which

f : R → R;
81. If P(x) is a polynomial of degree 4 such that
P(–1) = P(1) = 5 and P(–2) = P(0) = x3
f (x) = + ( m − 1) x 2 + ( m + 5) x + n
P(2) = 2, then find the maximum valueof P(x). 3
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- is bijective is:
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
84. If f (x) = 4x 3 − x 2 − 2x + 1 and
82. Find the number of elements contained in the  min{f (t) : 0 ≤ t ≤ x}; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
range of the function g(x) = 
 3 − x; 1< x ≤ 2
 x   −6 
f (x)     ∀ x ∈ (0, 30] (where [.]
= 1  3  5
6 x  and if=λ g   + g   + g   , then
denotes greatest integer function) 4 4 4
2λ =
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
(73)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
85. Let the maximum valueof expression
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- p
x4 − x2
y= for x > 1 is , where p
6 3
x + 2x − 1 q
-------------------------------------------------
and q are relatively prime natural numbers,
------------------------------------------------- then p + q =

------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

(74)
 FUNCTION

PREVIOUS YEAR PROBLEMS

1. If g(x) = x 2 + x − 1 and
-------------------------------------------------
 5
(gof)(x) = 4 x 2 − 10x + 5, then f  4  is
-------------------------------------------------
equal to: [MAIN 2020]
-------------------------------------------------
3 1
(A) (B)
2 2 -------------------------------------------------
1 3
(C) − (D) − 3. Let f : (1, 3) → R be a function defined by
2 2
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- x[x]
f (x) = , where [x] denotes the greatest
1 + x2
-------------------------------------------------
integer ≤ x. Then the range of f is:
[MAIN 2020]
-------------------------------------------------
3 4  2 4
------------------------------------------------- (A)  ,  (B)  , 
5 5 5 5

-------------------------------------------------  2 1  3 4  2 3  3 4 
(C)  ,  ∪  ,  (D)  ,  ∪  , 
5 2 5 5 5 5 4 5
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

2. The inverse function of -------------------------------------------------

2x −2x
8 −8
=f (x) , x ∈( −1, 1) , is ______ . -------------------------------------------------
82x + 8−2x
[MAIN 2020]
-------------------------------------------------
1 1− x 
(A)
4
( log8 e ) loge 
 1 + x  -------------------------------------------------

1 1− x -------------------------------------------------
(B) loge 
4  1 + x 
-------------------------------------------------
1 1+ x 
(C) ( log8 e ) loge  
4 1− x  -------------------------------------------------
1 1+ x
(D) loge  4. Let S be the set of all real roots of the
4  1 − x 
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
x x
( ) x x
equation, 3 3 − 1 + 2 = 3 − 1 + 3 − 2 .
Then S: [MAIN 2020]
-------------------------------------------------
(75)
 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
(A) contains at least four elements
(B) contains exactly two elements -------------------------------------------------
(C) is a singleton
(D) is an empty set -------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
7. For x ∈ R , let [x] denote the greatest integer
------------------------------------------------- ≤ x, then the sum of the series [MAIN 2019]
 1  1 1   1 2 
-------------------------------------------------  − 3  +  − 3 − 100  +  − 3 − 100  + ..

-------------------------------------------------  1 99 
... +  − −
5. The number of real roots of the equation,  3 100 
e4x + e3x − 4e2x + ex + 1 = 0 is:[MAIN 2020] (A) –135 (B) –153
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) –133 (D) –131
(C) 1 (D) 4 Sol. -------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
 3
6. The number of distinct solutions of the 8. For x ∈  0,  , let f (x) = x,
2
equation, log 1 sin x = 2 − log 1 cos x in the
2 2 1 − x2
g(x) = tan x and h(x) = . If
interval [ 0, 2π ] , is ________.[MAIN 2020] 1 + x2
Sol. -------------------------------------------------  π
( (hof )og )( x ) , then φ  3  is equal
φ(x) =
-------------------------------------------------
to: [MAIN 2019]
(76)
 FUNCTION

11π π (A) Injective only

(A) tan (B) tan (B) Not injective but it is surjective
12 12
(C) Both injective as well as surjective
5π 7π (D) Neither injective nor surjective
(C) tan (D) tan Sol. -------------------------------------------------
12 12
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- 11. Let N be the set of natural numbers and two

functions f and g be defined as
------------------------------------------------- f , g : N → N such that:

9. Let f :R →R be defined by  n +1
 2 if n is odd
x f (n) = 
and
f (x) = , x ∈R. Then the range of f is:  n if n is even
1+ x2  2
[MAIN 2019]
g(n) = n–(–1)n. The fog is: [MAIN 2019]
 1 1 (A) Both one-one and onto
(A) (–1, 1) – {0} (B)  − ,  (B) One-one but not onto
 2 2
(C) Neither one-one nor onto
 1 1 (D) onto but not one-one
(C) R −  − ,  (D) R – [–1, 1]
 2 2 Sol. -------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
10. Let a function f : (0, ∞) → (0, ∞) be defined
-------------------------------------------------
1
by f (x)= 1 − . Then f is :- [MAIN 2019]
x
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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
12. Let f(x) = x2, x ∈ R. For any A ⊆ R, define 14. Let

g(A) = { x ∈ R : f (x) ∈ A} . If S = [0, 4], A

= {x ∈ R : x is not a positive ingeter} .
then which one of the following statements Define a function f :A → R as
is not true? [MAIN 2019] 2x
f (x) = then f is [MAIN 2019]
(A) f ( g ( S) ) ≠ f (S) (B) f ( g ( S) ) = S x −1
(A) injective but not surjective
(C) g ( f ( S) ) ≠ S (D) g ( f ( S) ) = g(S) (B) not injective
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- (C) surjective but not injective
(D) neither injective nor surjective
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
15. For x ∈ R − [0, 1], let
-------------------------------------------------
1 1
f1 (x) = , f 2 (x) = 1 − x and f3 (x) = be
------------------------------------------------- x 1− x
three given functions. If a function, J(x)
13. The number of real roots of the equation
satisfies (f 2o J o f1 )(x1 ) = f3 (x) then J(x) is
x
5 + 2 −= x
1 2 2 − 2 is ( x
) [MAIN 2019] equal to: [MAIN 2019]
(A) 4 (B) 2 (A) f3 (x) (B) f1 (x)
(C) 2 (D) 1
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- 1
(C) f 2 (x) (D) f3 (x)
x
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

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 FUNCTION

π (A) R − [ −1, 0) (B) R − ( −1, 0)

16. If 0 ≤ x ≤ , then the number of values of x
2
(C) R − { −1,} (D) [ 0, ∞]
for which sin x – sin 2x + sin 3x = 0, is
(A) 2 (B) 1 Sol. -------------------------------------------------
(C) 3 (D) 4 [MAIN 2019]
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- 1− x
19. If=f (x) loge  , | x |< 1, then
 1 + x 
17. The domain of the definition of the function
1  2x 
f (x) =
4 − x2
( )
+ log x 3 − x is [MAIN 2019] f
 1 + x 2  is equal to: [MAIN 2019]

(A) (1, 2) ∪ ( 2, ∞) (B) ( f ( x ) )

2
(A) 2f(x)
(B) ( −1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ∪ ( 3, ∞) (C) 2f x( )
2
(D) −2f ( x )
(C) ( −1, 0) ∪ (1, 2 ) ∪ ( 2, ∞ ) Sol. -------------------------------------------------
(D) ( −2, − 1) ∪ ( −1, 0) ∪ ( 2, ∞ ) -------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- 20. The sum of the solutions of the equation

18. If the function f : R − {1, − 1} → A defined x−2 + x ( ) 2 0, ( x > 0)

x − 4 += is
equal to: [MAIN 2019]
x2 (A) 9 (B) 4
by f (x) = , is surjective, then A is
1 − x2 (C) 10 (D) 12
equal to: [MAIN 2019] Sol. -------------------------------------------------
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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

22.
 1 1
The function f : R →  − ,  defined as
-------------------------------------------------
 2 2
------------------------------------------------- x
f (x) = , is: [2017]
1+ x2
------------------------------------------------- (A) invertible.
(B) injective but not surjective.
-------------------------------------------------
(C) surjective but not injective.
------------------------------------------------- (D) neither injective nor surjective.
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

21. Let (x) a x ( a > 0)

f= be written as -------------------------------------------------
( x ) f1 ( x ) + f 2 ( x ) , where f1 ( x ) is an
f=
-------------------------------------------------
even function and f 2 ( x ) is an odd function.
-------------------------------------------------
Then f1 ( x + y ) + f1 ( x − y ) equals
(A) 2f1 ( x ) f 2 ( y ) [MAIN-2019] 23. Let a, b, c ∈R . If f(x) = ax2 + bx + c is such
that a + b + c = 3 and f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) +
(B) 2f1 ( x ) f1 ( y)
10
(C) 2f1 ( x + y ) f 2 ( x − y ) xy, ∀ x, y ∈R , then ∑ f (n) is equal to:
n =1
(D) 2f1 ( x + y) f1 ( x − y ) (A) 330 (B) 165 [2017]
(C) 190 (D) 255
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
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 FUNCTION

 1 1
------------------------------------------------- (A) Range of f is  − ,  [2015]
 2 2
-------------------------------------------------  1 1
(B) Range of fog is  − , 
 2 2
-------------------------------------------------
f (x) π
(C) lim =
 1 g(x) 6
x →0

24. If f (x) + 2 f   =3x, x ≠ 0 and (D) There is an x ∈ R such that (gof)(x) = 1

 x
S={x ∈ R: f(x) = f(–x)};then S: [2016]
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
(A) is an empty set.
(B) contains exactly one element. -------------------------------------------------
(C) contains exactly two elements.
(D) contains more than two elements. -------------------------------------------------

Sol. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
 π π
------------------------------------------------- 26. Let f :− ,  → R be given by
 2 2
f(x) = (log (sec x + tan x))3, then [2014]
π π  (A) f(x) is an odd function
25. Let f(x) = sin  sin  sin x   for all x ∈ R
6 2  (B) f(x) is a one-one function
π (C) f(x) is an onto function
and g(x) = sin x for all x R. Let (fog)(x) (D) f(x) is an even function
2
denote f(g(x)) and (gof)(x) denote g(f(x)). Sol. -------------------------------------------------
Then which of the following is (are) true?
-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

27. Let a ∈ R and let f : R → R be given by 29. The function f(x) = 2|x| + |x + 2| – ||x + 2|–2|x||
f(x) = x5 – 5x + a. Then [2014] has a local minimum or a local maximum at
(A) f(x) has three real roots if a > 4 x= [2013]
(B) f(x) has only real root if a > 4
−2
(C) f(x) has three real roots if a < – 4 (A) –2 (B)
(D) f(x) has three real roots if – 4 < a < 4 3
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- 2
(C) 2 (D)
3
------------------------------------------------- Sol. -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
30. Consider the Statements: [2012]
-------------------------------------------------
P: There exist some x ∈ R such that
28. Let f : [0, 4π] → [0, π] be defined by f(x) + 2x = 2(1 + x2)
f(x) = cos–1 (cos x). The number of points Q: There exits some x ∈ R such that
x ∈ [0, 4π] satisfying the equation 2f(x) + 1 = 2x(1 + x), then
(A) both P and Q are true
10 − x
f (x) = is [2014] (B) P is true and Q is false
10 (C) P is false and Q is true
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- (D) Both P and Q are false
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
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 FUNCTION

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- 33. Let f, g and h be real-valued functions de-

fined on the interval [0, 1] by
31. The function f:[0, 3] → [1, 29] defined by f(x) = ex 2 + e− x2 , g(x) = xex 2 + e − x 2 and
f(x) = 2x3-15x2 + 36x + 1 is [2012] h(x) = x 2 e x2 + e− x 2 . If a, b and c denote, re-
(A) one-one and onto
(B) Onto but not one-one spectively, the absolute maximum of f, g and
(C) one-one but not onto h on [0, 1], then [2010]
(D) neither one-one nor onto (A) a = b and c ≠ b
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- (B) a = c and a ≠ b
(C) a ≠ b and c ≠ b
------------------------------------------------- (D) a = b = c
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

32. Let f(x) = x2 and g(x) = sin x for all x ∈ R. -------------------------------------------------

Then the set of all x satisfying (f o g o g o
f)(x) = (g o g o f) (x), where (f o g) -------------------------------------------------
(x) = f(g(x)), is [2011]
-------------------------------------------------
(A) ± nπ ,n ∈{0,1,2,...}
34. Match the column:
(B) ± nπ , n ∈{1, 2,...} [2007]
π x 2 − 6x + 5
(C) + 2nπ,n ∈{... − 2, −1,0,1,2...} Let f (x) =
2 x 2 − 5x + 6
(D) 2nπ,n ∈{... − 2, −1,0,1,2...} Match the expressions/Statements in column
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- I with expressions/statements in Column II.
Column-I
------------------------------------------------- (A) If -1 < x < 1, then f(x) satisfies
(B) If 1 < x < 2, then f(x) satisfies
------------------------------------------------- (C) If 3 < x < 5, then f(x) satisfies
(D) If x > 5, then f(x) satisfies
------------------------------------------------- Column-II
(p) 0 < f(x) < 1
------------------------------------------------- (q) f(x) < 0
(r) f(x) > 0
------------------------------------------------- (s) f(x) < 1
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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
x
Sol. ------------------------------------------------- 36. Let f (x) = for n≥2 and
(1 + x n )1/n
------------------------------------------------- (fofo..of)
g(x) =   (x). [2007]
f occurs n times
-------------------------------------------------
Then ∫ x n − 2 g(x)dx equals.
-------------------------------------------------
1
1 n
1−
(A) (1 + nx ) n
+K
------------------------------------------------- n(n − 1)
1
------------------------------------------------- 1 n
1−
(B) (1 + nx ) n
+K
n−1
------------------------------------------------- 1
1 n
1+
(C) (1 + nx ) n
+K
------------------------------------------------- n(n + 1)
1
------------------------------------------------- 1 n
1+
(D) (1 + nx ) n + K
n+ 1
-------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
35. Reasoning type: [2007]
Let F(x) be an indefinite integral of sin2x.
-------------------------------------------------
Statement 1: The function F(x) satisfies
F(x + π ) = F(x) for all real x.
-------------------------------------------------
Statement 2: sin2 (x + π ) = sin2x for all
real x.
-------------------------------------------------
Sol. -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

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 FUNCTION

ANSWER KEY
JEE MAIN EXERCISE

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (B)

6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (C)
11. (C) 12. (B) 13. (B) 14. (A) 15. (D)
16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (A)
21. (B) 22. (A) 23. (D) 24. (C) 25. (C)
26. (D) 27. (A) 28. (A) 29. (C) 30. (B)
31. (C) 32. (A) 33. (C) 34. (D) 35. (B)
36. (B) 37. (D) 38. (A) 39. (A) 40. (B)
41. (B) 42. (A) 43. (B) 44. (B) 45. (B)
46. (A) 47. (A) 48. (A) 49. (D) 50. (B)
51. (D) 52. (A) 53. (D) 54. (A) 55. (D)
56. (B) 57. (C) 58. (B) 59. (D) 60. (D)
61. (A) 62. (A) 63. (A) 64. (B) 65. (D)
66. (C) 67. (A) 68. (D) 69. (B) 70. (A)
71. (B) 72. (B) 73. (A) 74. (C) 75. (D)
76. (D) 77. (B) 78. (C) 79. (A) 80. (B)
81. (C) 82. (B) 83. (B) 84. (A) 85. (B)
86. (D) 87. (C) 88. (A) 89. (B) 90. (B)
91. (A) 92. (A) 93. (B) 94. (D) 95. (A)
96. (A) 97. (C) 98. (A) 99. (A) 100. (B)
101. (B) 102. (B) 103. (B) 104. (D) 105. (C)
106. (B) 107. (B) 108. (A) 109. (A) 110. (B)
111. (D) 112. (C) 113. (C) 114. (C) 115. (B)

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 KALRASHUKLA CLASSES
JEE ADVANCED
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (B)
6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (C) 9. (D) 10. (A)
11. (B) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (B)
16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (C) 19. (D) 20. (B)
21. (D) 22. (C) 23. (B) 24. (C) 25. (C)
26. (C) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (C)
30. (A, B, C, D) 31. (A, D) 32. (A, C) 33. (A, B, C, D)
34. (B, D) 35. (B, D) 36. (A, C) 37. (A, C)
38. (B, C) 39. (A, B) 40. (B, C) 41. (A, B, C)
42. (A, B) 43. (A, B, C, D) 44. (A, D) 45. (A, B, D)
46. (B, C, D) 47. (A, B, C, D) 48. (A, D) 49. (A, B, C)
50. (A, B) 51. (A) 52. (B) 53. (C) 54. (B)
55. (B) 56. (A) 57. (C) 58. (B) 59. (C)
60. (B) 61. (D) 62. (A → s), (B → q), (C → q), (D → q)
63. (A → r), (B → s), (C → q), (D → p) 64. (A → q), (B → p), (C → ), (D → r)
65. (A → R), (B → S), (C → P), (D → Q) 66. (A → P,Q,S,T), (B → Q,R), (C → P,Q,S), (D → P, S)
67. (A → R), (B → P), (C → T), (D → S) 68. (1.00) 69. (2.00)
70. (4.00) 71. (2.00) 72. (2.00) 73. (0.00)
74. (5.00) 75. (0.00) 76. (2.00) 77. (5.00)
78. (7.00) 79. (1.00) 80. (5.00) 81. (6.00)
82. (6.00) 83. (6.00) 84. (5.00) 85. (7.00)

PREVIOUS YEAR PROBLEMS

1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (C)
6. (8.00) 7. (C) 8. (A) 9. (B)
10. (Bonus) 11. (D) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (A)
15. (A) 16. (A) 17. (C) 18. (A) 19. (A)
20. (C) 21. (B) 22. (C) 23. (A) 24. (C)
25. (A B C) 26. (A B C) 27. (B, D) 28. (3) 29. (A B)
30. (C) 31. (B) 32. (A) 33. (D)
34. (A-p, r, s); (B-q, s);(C-q, s);(D-p, r, s) 35. State.-1is false, State.-2 is true 36. (A)

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