ARC 045 - SITE PLANNING AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERNG & ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

RESEARCH WORK NO. 1

IN ARC 045 – SITE PLANNING AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITETCURE
(BASIC DESCRIPTION OF TERMS)

TUE&SAT – 2:00 AM TO 3:00 PM &

1:30 AM TO 3:00 PM

DATE GIVEN: 22 JULY 2022

DATE DUE: 23 JULY 2022

SUBMITTED BY:
PALOR IV, PRESCILO N.
(STUDENT)

SUBMITTED TO:
AR. ALLAN M. AQUINO
(INSTRUCTOR)
 SITE PLANNING
Site planning is an important aspect of Architectural design. It is important that
designers are completely aware of all the factors that are to be taken into consideration
while designing.
This article has been written in order to explain various factors that are essentially to
be considered while taking up Site planning. The site planning considerations that have
been discussed in the article are as follows:
• Environmental factors
• Identification of site and its preparation
• Natural factors which include Geology, topography, Hydrography, soil, Vegetation,
Wild life etc.
• Climatic factors
• Cultural factors
• Existing land use

The importance of Site documentation and site analysis cannot be denied. It is the
role of any designer to perform a complete detailed documentation and analysis of the
site before designing and construction.
The article has been written in order to address various aspects to be considered
while analyzing the surroundings of the site. It also addresses important requirements to
be incorporated in site planning in order achieve a greener environment. The important
design features that are to be necessarily incorporated in your zoning layout are also
mentioned.
Site planning typically begins by assessing a potential site for development
through thorough site analysis. Information about slopes, soils, hydrology, vegetation,
parcel ownership, orientation, etc. are assessed and documented.
Going through a thorough analysis of the feasibility of developing a site allows the
architect to determine optimal locations and design for a structure that works within the
space. While conducting the site analysis the architect also needs to review zoning of the
potential project site. These are the regulations that have been developed by the local
municipality to separate the land into different use areas such as residential and industrial
zones. This allows the town or city to not be over powered by one type of land distinction.
As the architect goes through the site planning phase they take into consideration
and look at the surrounding buildings and adjacent sites to see what characteristics they
have. They may use this information to help inform some of their decisions which will
ultimately be used to grant them approval for their building and renovation projects. In
addition to the general analysis that is done during this phase, details about where
everything is located is also documented including not only buildings but water, sewer
and power lines. This information needs to be taken into consideration when developing
a new development project.
Site planning and design is a complex process involving a variety of considerations
such as zoning regulations (setbacks, Floor Area Ratio allowances, allowable building
density, and height restrictions), traffic, wetlands, and environmental impacts.
Site planning is undertaken by the developer or project proponent in conjunction
with local and/or state review agencies, typically local Planning, Zoning, and Inland
Wetlands Commissions and, in some instances, the Connecticut Department of
Environmental Protection (DEP) or federal agencies such as the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers. Due to the complexities of site planning and design, the most effective site
planning process occurs through a collaborative effort between developers and the review
agencies before and throughout the review process.

SITE PLANNING PRINCIPLES

A. The main elements of sound industrial site design include the following:

1. Controlled site access;

2. Service areas located at the sides and rear of buildings;
3. Convenient access, visitor parking and on-site circulation;
4. Screening of outdoor storage, work areas, and equipment;
5. Emphasis on the main building entry and landscaping;
6. Landscaped open space.
B. A variety of building and parking setbacks should be provided in order to avoid
long monotonous building facades and to create diversity.

C. Structures should be located on landscaped pads, where the office portion of

the building does not directly abut paved parking areas. A minimum 5 to 7 foot
landscape strip should be provided between parking areas and the office portion of
a structure.

D. Building setbacks should be provided proportionate to the scale of the structure

and in consideration of existing development adjacent to it. Larger structures require
more setback area for a balance of scale and so as not to impose on neighboring
uses.

E. Placement of structures which creates opportunities for plazas, courts, or

gardens is encouraged. Setback areas can often be used to provide space for patio
areas.

F. Where industrial uses are adjacent to non-industrial uses, appropriate buffering

techniques such as setbacks, screening, and landscaping need to be provided to
mitigate any negative effects of industrial operations.
 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Landscape architecture involves the planning, design, management, and

nurturing of the built and natural environments. With their unique skill set, landscape
architects work to improve human and environmental health in all communities. They plan
and design parks, campuses, streetscapes, trails, plazas, residences, and other projects
that strengthen communities.
Landscape architecture is the study and practice of designing environments
(outdoors & indoors) of varying scale that encompasses elements of art, environment,
architecture, engineering, and sociology.
Landscape Architecture is a profession that is unknown or misunderstood as
gardening by many. Its value to society is greater than many can imagine and should be
celebrated by the population of every town, city, and country.
Many landscape architects from the past, current, (and future) have designed
everlasting landscapes that will stand the test of time for decades to come that create
calm, joy, and inspiration for so many. As a profession, landscape architects should be
proud as few professions can stake claim to creating places that impact and benefit so
many people.s

PRINCIPLES OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITETCURE

The landscape design principles are proportion, order, repetition and unity.

• PROPORTION - Proportion refers to the size of an object in relation to other

objects in the landscape. It's important to think about proportion between plants
and hardscapes.

• ORDER - Order refers to the organization and balance in a landscape. Order can
be achieved in your yard by using the more formal symmetrical balance or the
informal asymmetrical balance.

• REPETITION - The goal of repetition is to create predictable and familiar patterns

and sequences in the landscape. To achieve this, landscape design elements or
specific features can be repeated throughout the space.

• UNITY - In landscape design, unity refers to the perceived sense that everything
is connected and works together to create the whole. Employing a design theme
or style will help you achieve unity in your yard.
EXAMPLE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE:
 LANDSCAPING

Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of
land, including the following: Living elements, such as flora or fauna; or what is commonly
called gardening, the art and craft of growing plants with a goal of creating a beauty within
the landscape.
By definition, to be properly said to be "landscaping" (verb form) a property, you
must be making improvements (or maintaining past improvements) on that property's
grounds--either in a practical or in an aesthetic way. In an extended sense, everything on
your property that stands outside of the home itself is part of a property's landscaping. A
related word is "landscape." When you landscape your yard, you are engaging in
landscaping.

Modern landscaping is a process that makes changes to an area of land in one or all of
the following three categories:
• Plants - The addition of ornamental, edible, native or other types of landscaping
plants.
• Terrain - Changing the shape of the land through grading, backfilling, mounding,
terracing, etc.
• Structures - Constructing fences, patio covers, walls, decks, raised planters or
other built features.

People have practiced landscaping for centuries. As far back as the ancient
Mayans, humans were manipulating the land for both aesthetic and practical reasons.
The addition of plants, changes to the existing terrain and the construction of structures
are all part of landscaping. Today landscaping refers to the planning, laying out and
construction of gardens that enhance the appearance and create useable space for
outdoor activities around a home.

Types of Landscaping Features

Here are some types of landscaping features. Don't feel obligated to include each
and every one of these in your own landscaping! There are wonderful landscapes that
leave out half of these (or more). The following is just a quick sampling.
• Planting beds (such as flower borders)
• Lawns
• Shrubs
 • Flowering trees
• Foundation plantings
• Driveways
• Walkways
• Fences
• Fountains
• Water gardens

EXAMPLES OF LANDSCAPING:
 SITE DEVELOPMENT
Site development is the design of human experience.
Site development, as used here, refers to designed physical improvements or
modifications to the campus landscape, excluding utilities and buildings. Site
development is also distinct from campus master planning because of its focus on specific
physical projects that include the preparation of construction documents and project
implementation. Master plans define a broad physical framework for campus land use,
facility location, circulation, natural systems, infrastructure, and overall space
organization. Site development is the process by which the ideas of a master plan are
designed in detail and brought to realization on the ground. Site development elements
typically include drainage, earthwork, roads, paths, exterior pavements, site structures,
exterior signage, exterior lighting, site furnishings, lawns, and plantings.
Site development projects are often integrated with building or infrastructure
projects; however, site development projects can also be undertaken as independent
projects not associated with specific building or infrastructure projects. Both types of site
development projects should be approached with an awareness of the issues discussed
in this section.
A Site Development Plan depicts the general layout and configuration of a site,
including building footprints, parking and street layout, conceptual landscaping and
lighting, site cross section drawings, and building elevations. Please contact the
Development Services Department for Site Development Plan questions and
applications.
The intent of the Site Development Plan is to depict the proposed site layout for
the benefit of the public, Planning Commission and Town Council at public hearings (for
Downtown properties at the Design Review Board public hearing). The detail of
infrastructure, utility, storm drainage engineering, and final landscape and irrigation
design is submitted later with the Construction Documents, which is an administrative
review process

Site Development Project Considerations

Whether a campus site development project is being undertaken independently or
as part of a larger architecture or infrastructure project, the following considerations are
intended to provide a guide for project managers charged with defining and executing
such projects. These considerations will apply selectively and as dictated by the specific
circumstances of the project. Some of the guidelines may apply to a project, while others
may not. It is not likely that all guidelines will apply to any one project.
EXAMPLES OF SITE DEVELOPMENT:
 DIFFERENCES

DESIGNING AND PLANNING

Design inquires into the nature of a problem to conceive a framework for solving
that problem. In general, planning is problem solving, while design is problem setting.
Where planning focuses on generating a plan—a series of executable actions—design
focuses on learning about the nature of an unfamiliar problem.

LANDSCAPING AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Landscape architects must be prepared to work on large projects such as public
spaces, and be knowledgeable about issues such as grading, constructing structures and
drainage. A landscape designer, on the other hand, typically has more knowledge in
different aspects of gardening and specialized plant knowledge.

LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE

LANDSCAPING
REFERENCES:

• https://www.architecture-student.com/tag/factors-to-be-considered-for-site-
planning/
• https://ctstormwatermanual.nemo.uconn.edu/4-site-planning-design/
• https://library.qcode.us/lib/desert_hot_springs_ca/pub/municipal_code/ite
m/title_17-chapter_17_16-17_16_170
• https://www.bc-architecture.com/site-planning/
• https://www.asla.org/aboutlandscapearchitecture.aspx#:~:text=Landscape
%20architecture%20involves%20the%20planning,environmental%20health
%20in%20all%20communities.
• https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/what-is-landscape-architecture/
• https://www.thespruce.com/what-is-landscaping-2130991
• https://www.landscapingnetwork.com/landscape-design/what-is.html
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%20are,and%20balance%20in%20a%20landscape.
• https://fs.blog/counterinsurgency-field-
manual/#:~:text=Design%20inquires%20into%20the%20nature,nature%20of
%20an%20unfamiliar%20problem.
• https://bestaccreditedcolleges.org/articles/difference-between-landscape-
architect-landscape-
designer.html#:~:text=Landscape%20architects%20must%20be%20prepare
d,gardening%20and%20specialized%20plant%20knowledge.