HZ-2000H

Transformer Tan Delta Tester

USER MANUAL

Huazheng Electric Manufacturing (Baoding) Co., Ltd

 Contents

I.Summary of Instrument.................................................................................................................1

II.Security Measures........................................................................................................................ 1

III.Performance Feature.................................................................................................................. 2

IV.Technical Indicators..................................................................................................................... 4

V.Measurement Method and Principle..........................................................................................5

VI.Common Equipment Wiring Method........................................................................................ 6

VII.Brief Introduction to Instrument Functions........................................................................... 11

VIII.Instrument Operation Procedure.......................................................................................... 13

IX.Notes for Test............................................................................................................................. 21

X.Discussion of Frequency Conversion Measurement........................................................... 23

XI.Packing List of Instrument....................................................................................................... 25

I.Summary of Instrument
Dielectric loss measurement is a very basic method in insulation test, which can

effectively find out the whole damp deterioration and local defects of insulation of electrical

equipment. It is widely used in electrical manufacturing, electrical equipment installation,

handover and preventive test. The measurement of dielectric loss of transformer, mutual

inductor, reactor, capacitor, bushing and lightning arrester is the most basic method to

measure its insulation performance. The dielectric loss tester has broken through the

traditional bridge measurement method, adopting frequency conversion power supply

technology, using single chip microcomputer and modern electronic technology to carry

out automatic frequency conversion, mode/number conversion and data operation. Strong

anti-interference ability, fast test speed, high precision, automatic digitization, easy

operation; Power supply adopts high-power switching power supply, output 45Hz and

55Hz pure sinusoidal wave, automatically pressurize, can provide up to 10 kv voltage;

Automatic filter 50Hz interference, suitable for substation and other electromagnetic

interference large field test. Widely used in the power industry transformer, mutual

inductor , casing, capacitor, lightning arrester and other equipment dielectric loss

measurement.

II.Security Measures
1. Read this manual carefully before using this instrument.

2. The operator of the instrument should have general knowledge of the use of

electrical equipment or instruments.

3. This instrument can be used both inside and outside, but it should be kept away

from places such as rain, corrosive gas, excessive concentration of dust, high

temperature and direct sunlight.

4. Instrument should avoid violent vibration.

5. The maintenance, care and adjustment of the instrument should be carried out by

professionals.

6. Before any connection, the grounding terminal of the instrument must be reliably

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connected with the earth with an earth cable.

7. Due to the high voltage generated by the test equipment, the tester must strictly

follow the safe operation procedures and prevent others from contacting the high-voltage

components and circuits. Direct test personnel must fully understand the high-voltage test

circuit, and instrument operation points. Non-engaged testers must stay away from the

high-pressure test area, which must be clearly marked with fences or ropes, warning signs,

etc.

8. The adjustment, repair and maintenance of the instrument must be carried out

without electricity. If it must be live, the operator must be very familiar with the high voltage

dangerous parts of the instrument.

9. When the fuse is damaged, the same insurance must be replaced. It is forbidden to

replace different types of insurance or directly short circuit the insurance.

10. When the instrument fails, turn off the power switch and wait for one minute

before checking.

III.Performance Feature
1. The instrument adopts Fourier transform digital filtering technology to measure

capacitance, dielectric loss and other parameters. The precision of the test results is

high, which is convenient for automatic measurement.

2. The instrument adopts frequency conversion technology to eliminate 50Hz power

frequency interference in the field, and reliable data can be measured even in the

environment of strong electromagnetic interference.

3. Use full-touch super large LCD, easy to operate. Full touch LCD screen, large full

graphical operation interface, each process is clear, operators do not need additional

professional training to use. The whole process can be measured with a touch.

4. Data storage: it is equipped with calendar chip and large-capacity memory, which can

save the test results at any time, check the history record at any time, and print out. The

current time and storage time can be displayed and printed at any time.

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5. Scientific and advanced data management: instrument data can be exported through U

disk. Data can be viewed and managed by special software on any PC.

6. The instrument is easy to operate, and the measurement process is controlled by the

microprocessor. As long as the appropriate measurement method is selected, the data

measurement can be completed automatically under the control of the microprocessor.

7. Integrated model, with standard capacitor and high-voltage power supply, facilitates

field testing and reduces field wiring.

8. The measurement accuracy of the instrument is high, which can meet the requirements

of oil dielectric loss measurement. Therefore, the measurement of oil dielectric loss can

be achieved only by equipping standard oil cup and special test line.

9. It has reverse wiring low-voltage shielding function. When the 220kV CVT bus is

grounded, 10kV reverse wiring dielectric loss measurement can be performed on the

C11 without removing the wires.

10. Able to do ac withstand test. It is convenient for PT, CT secondary side ac withstand

voltage, 400V low-voltage system to do the withstand voltage test.

11. It can identify the frequency of external high voltage power supply (40Hz~70Hz), and

allow the use of frequency power supply or serial resonant power supply to conduct

large-capacity and high-voltage dielectric loss test.

12. With CVT test function, CVT self-excitation test can be realized, and 4 protection limits

of high voltage/current and low voltage/current can be set to ensure the safety of

person and equipment.

13. When testing CVT, not only the capacitance and dielectric loss values of C1 and C2

can be automatically tested, but also the total capacitance and dielectric loss values

of CVT equipment can be tested

14. Equipped with thermal printer for printing and output, with calendar clock, convenient

for users to produce test report, with U disk output.

15. With a computer interface. A computer can control 32 instruments, which can be

integrated into the comprehensive high-voltage test vehicle to achieve measurement, data

processing and report output.

16. Grounding protection function, when the instrument is not grounded or the grounding

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is bad, the instrument does not enter the normal program, does not output high voltage.

Over-current protection, the instrument will not be damaged in short circuit or breakdown.

17. Electric shock protection function: when the operator of the instrument accidentally

touches the electric shock, the instrument will immediately cut off the high voltage to

ensure the safety of the test personnel.

IV.Technical Indicators
Accuracy： Cx: ±（readings×1%+1pF）

tgδ: ±（readings×1%+0.00040）

Anti-interference index: frequency conversion anti-interference, can still achieve the

above accuracy under the interference of 200%.

Capacitance range：

Internal high voltage：3pF～60000pF/10kV 60pF～1μF/0.5kV

External high voltage： 3pF～1.5μF/10kV 60pF～30μF/0.5kV

Resolution: up to 0.001 pF, 4-bit significant digits

Tgδ range： no limi,The resolution is 0.001%. The capacitance, inductance and

resistance can be identified automatically.

Test current range：10μA～5A

Internal high voltage：

Setting Voltage Range：0.5～10kV

Maximum output current：200mA

Boost and drop voltage mode: the voltage is set at will. Such as 5123 v.

Test frequency: 40-70Hz single frequency can be set at will. For example, 48.7 Hz.

50± 0.1Hz to 50±10Hz automatic dual frequency conversion optional setting.

60± 0.1Hz to 60±10Hz automatic dual frequency conversion optional setting.

Frequency accuracy: ±0.01Hz

External high voltage: maximum test current 5A, power frequency or frequency

conversion of 40-70Hz during positive connection

Maximum test current 10kV/5A, power frequency or frequency conversion 40-70Hz

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 CVT self-excitation method low voltage output: output voltage 3～50V, output current

3～30A

Measurement time: about 40s, related to measurement method

Input power: 180V ~ 270VAC, 50Hz±1%, municipal or generator power supply

Computer interface: standard RS232 interface, U disk socket (automatic U disk

storage data).

Printer: micro thermal printer

environment temperature: -10℃ ~ 50℃

relative humidity: <90%

Overall dimension: 430×330×350mm

Weight: 28kg

V.Measurement Method and Principle

According to whether the tested product is grounded or not, there are two kinds of

measurement methods, namely, the forward connection measurement method and the

reverse connection measurement method. The principles of the two measurement

methods are shown in figure 1:

HV output terminal Icx R HV output terminal

Icx
10KV o 10KV o
CN ICN ～ Cx CN ICN ～ CX
o
RN R RN
Cx

（a）Normal wiring measurement （b）Reverse wiring measurement

Figure 1

At the 10kV side of the high-voltage power supply, the high-voltage power supply is

divided into two channels, and the first channel feeds the standard capacitor CN inside the

machine. The dielectric loss of this capacitor is very small, which can be considered as

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zero, i.e. pure capacitive current. This current ICN can be used as the capacitive current

reference. On the Cx test side, the test current Icx is collected into the machine through

the sampling resistance R. The Icx can be decomposed into horizontal and vertical

components, as shown in figure 2. tgδ value can be obtained by calculating the ratio of the

horizontal and vertical components.

In FIG. 1 (a), Cx is the ungrounded sample, and the sample current Icx enters the

sampling resistance R from the sample end to obtain the full current value. In FIG. 1 (b),

Cx is the grounding sample, the Cx end of the machine is directly grounded, and the

current Icx obtains the full current value from the high-voltage end of the sample to the

sampling resistance of the machine.

（a）Current vector method （b）Test equivalent circuit

Figure 2

VI.Common Equipment Wiring Method

1．Description of instrument outlet terminal：

HV —— high voltage (with dangerous voltage) on the measuring lead of the

instrument.

CX —— Input terminal of measured current in case of UST.

—— the grounding end of the instrument is reliably connected with the earth

during use

2.Wiring reference

2.1 UST, internal reference capacitor, internal HV (conventional UST):

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2.2 Reverse Wiring, Internal Standard Capacitance, Internal High Voltage (Conventional

Reverse Wiring)

2.3 Positive wiring, external standard capacitance, internal high voltage:

2.4 Reverse wiring, external standard capacitance, internal high voltage：

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2.5 Positive Wiring, Internal Standard Capacitance, External High Voltage：

2.6 Reverse Wiring, Internal Standard Capacitance, External High Voltage：

2.7 Positive Wiring, External Standard Capacitance, External High Voltage (High Voltage

Dielectric Loss)：

2.8 Reverse Wiring, External Standard Capacitance, External High Voltage：

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2.9 CVT self-excitation measurement：

CVT self-excitation method can be connected according to the following figure. If C1

is a single saving capacity, the bus cannot be grounded; If C1 is multi-saving capacity, the

bus can be grounded, C11 and C12 can be measured by conventional positive and

negative wiring, and C13 and C2 can be measured by self-excitation method.

In CVT self-excitation measurement, the instrument first measures C1, then automatically

inverts C2, and automatically calibrates the partial voltage effect.

It should be noted that the high-voltage wire should be suspended and not touch the

ground, otherwise the additional dielectric loss to the ground will cause errors. The

high-voltage socket can be connected with the CVT test product with a thin cable and

hoisted.

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2.10 Reverse wire low voltage shielding test

Reverse wiring low voltage shielding function, the primary wiring can measure both the

capacitance and dielectric loss of C1 and C2

By selecting the reverse wiring low-voltage shield, 10kV reverse wiring dielectric loss

measurement can be carried out on the upper capacitor C1 without removing the busbar.

As shown in the figure below: the busbar is grounded, the upper end of C1 is not

disassembled, the lower end of C1 is connected to the high-voltage core wire, and the end

of C2 is connected to the Cx core wire. The instrument adopts the reverse wiring /10kV/M

measurement mode, which can measure the capacitance and dielectric loss of C11 and

the lower shielding part at the same time.

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VII.Brief Introduction to Instrument Functions
The Instrument Panel is Shown in Figure 9 Below

1. Usb port - used to export data stored in the instrument.

2. RS232 interface - used to connect computer, control instrument and upload data.

3. CX socket -- is the measurement input end of the test product signal. It is

connected by a special low-voltage cable during the positive connection. This cable

is single-layer shielded with a special crocodile clip, which is 8m long and connected

to the low-voltage end of the test product. This end is empty when reverse wiring.

4. Color touch screen display -640*480 resolution, control and display menu and

various prompt information and measurement results.

5. Printer -- print measurement data.

6. CN socket -- is the measurement input end of outer standard capacitive signal,

which is empty when using inner standard.

7. Self-excitation current output terminal -- special terminal for measuring CVT,

generally connected with auxiliary winding dn.

8. Self-excitation current output terminal -- special terminal for measuring CVT,

generally connected with auxiliary winding da.

9. Power switch - power on and off.

10. High voltage switch - responsible for the starting and closing of high voltage

power inside the instrument. Only when using external high pressure to close, the

rest of the time should be in the open state.

11. Power socket -- AC 220V±10%, 50±1Hz power input port, with 5A fuse.

12. Grounding terminal -- the grounding terminal.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

FIG. 9 Instrument panel

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13．High voltage wiring diagram of instrument side

High voltage HV socket

High voltage grounding shielded socket (the interior is already grounded, just plug it in))

The small black clip is high voltage shield, generally suspended (with high voltage)

The big red clip is connected to the high voltage part under test

VIII.Instrument Operation Procedure

1.Turn on the power switch and conduct self-check. If the self-check is good, the LCD will

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display the starting interface in FIG. 10.

Figure 10 Start-up interface

2．Description of test parameter selection

1) test frequency: 50.0± 5.0hz means 45/55hz dual frequency conversion test. Generally,

the field test is 50±5Hz or 60±5Hz. You can choose something else, of course. If you want

a single frequency test such as 50Hz, you can choose 50.0± 0.0hz. Here the frequency

value is set at will in the range of 40-70.

2) test mode: reverse wiring means using reverse wiring mode to test products. Here is

the drop-down menu. You can choose forward connection, reverse connection, CVT

dielectric loss and reverse connection low-voltage shield.

3) test voltage: 10000V represents the value of test voltage. Minimum 100V, maximum

10000V. The voltage value here can be set at will, such as 7892V.

4) high voltage selection: internal high voltage means the use of internal high voltage

power supply. General test must be set to internal high pressure.

External high voltage is only used when external high voltage power supply is connected.

5) standard selection: internal standard means the use of internal standard capacitance.

General test must be set to the internal standard.

External standard is only used when external standard capacitors are used.

Note: external standard, external high voltage are used for large capacity or high voltage

dielectric loss. The general equipment of substations can be tested with the internal

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standard and internal high voltage.

3. Modification and selection of test parameters:

1）To test the modification of the frequency, click the "45.0±0.0Hz" scarlet letter with the

stylus or finger. Display Figure 11

Figure 11 Frequency modification diagram

Enter the frequency value 50 directly from the keyboard and press OK. If you press OK, it

will be 50.0±0.0Hz.

If "45.0±0.0Hz" "±0.0" is modified, use a stylus or finger to click on the scarlet letter 0.0 to

appear the keypad, and then input 5.0 from the keypad and press OK.

2）The modification of test voltage is the same as the modification frequency. Use a stylus

or finger to click on the red letters in "test voltage 5000 V". The little keyboard pops up.

Enter the test voltage value of 10000 directly on the keypad, and press OK, the keypad

disappears. The value of the test voltage will become the value just entered from the

keyboard.

3 ） To modify the test mode, click "Reverse wiring" with a stylus or finger. Figure 12 is

displayed

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 Figure 12 mode selection modification diagram

All test modes are on the drop-down menu. Click on the mode you want to select.

Positive wiring, reverse wiring, CVT dielectric loss, low voltage shielding of reverse wiring.

4) The modification of high-voltage selection is the same as the modification of test mode.

With a touch-screen pen or finger click on the "internal high pressure", the drop-down

menu appears in the high pressure, external high pressure, click on the high pressure you

want to choose.

5) The modification of standard selection is the same as the modification of test mode.

With a touch-screen pen or finger, click on "Internal Standard" to display the "Internal

Standard" and "External Standard" in the drop-down menu. Just click on the standard you

want to select.

4．Preparation before measurement：

1) One end of the grounding wire is connected with the grounding column of the

instrument, and the other end is connected with the earth reliably to ensure that the

instrument shell is on the ground potential.

2) Positive wiring: insert the high-voltage cable plug into the HV socket of the back door,

clamp the red pliers at the other end to the high-end lead of the tested product, and hang

the black pliers or clamp them on the red pliers. Insert the CX low voltage cable into the

CX socket, and the red clamp at the other end, the Black clamp suspended or connected

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with the shielding device at the lower end of the sample.

3) Reverse wiring: insert the high voltage cable plug into the HV socket of the back door,

clamp the red pliers at the other end to the high-end lead of the tested product, and

suspend the red pliers or connect the shielding device. Cx socket is not used.

5.Testing process：

FIG. 13 interface before instrument starts test

Select the test items, test frequency, test voltage, etc., as shown in FIG. 13.

After making sure the wiring is correct, click "start instrument test" with a stylus or finger.

The instrument starts boosting, measuring,

See FIG. 14 and 15.

The instrument adopts dual frequency conversion test. Figure 14 is 55Hz test and figure

15 is 45Hz test.

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 FIG. 14 instrument 55Hz test

FIG. 15 instrument 45Hz test

6.Test results：

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 Fig. 16 Test results of reverse wiring

Fig. 17 CVT test results

The capacitance value and dielectric loss value of C1 and C2 are the values of C1 and C2

of CVT equipment.

The capacitance and dielectric loss of CZ are the total capacitance and dielectric loss of

CVT equipment.

K = 252.927 E3 Represents the variation ratio of 252.927×1000.

Φ=128.603º Represents the angular difference of 128.603 degrees.

7.Test finished, event processing

1) Test data can be stored after testing. Click the "store" button with the stylus or finger,

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and figure 18 appears

FIG. 18 data storage interface

Click "1" in the data number box with a stylus or finger, and a keypad will appear. Figure

19 below is the data input interface

Figure 19 serial number data input interface

Enter the storage number and press OK. The data number 5 appears in the data number

box. Press "store", the instrument will beep, and then return to the interface of test results,

indicating that the storage is finished.

2 ） Test data printing. After the test, click the "print" button with the touch pen or finger

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under the test result interface to print the test data. Figure 20 below is a data printing

diagram.

Figure 20 data printing diagram

3）The test. After printing or storing data, click the "exit" button with the touch pen or

finger, and the device will return to the initial startup interface.

IX.Notes for Test

If the test data is obviously unreasonable in use, please find out the reasons from the

following aspects:

1. Poor contact of red clip on high voltage wire

When the red clip is used to connect the sample in the field measurement, the red clip

must be in good contact with the sample, otherwise the discharge of the contact point will

cause serious fluctuation of the data. Especially the oxide layer of the drain line is too thick.

Please scrape the skin to avoid bad contact.

2. Poor grounding contact

Poor grounding can cause serious fluctuation of instrument protection or data. The paint

and rust on the grounding point should be scraped off, and zero resistance grounding

must be guaranteed!

3. Direct Measurement of CVT or End Shielding Method for Measuring

Electromagnetic PT

Direct measurement of the lower coupling capacitance of CVT will result in negative

dielectric loss, so self-excitation method should be used instead.

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When measuring electromagnetic PT with end shielding method, negative dielectric loss

occurs due to "T-shaped network interference" caused by dampness. Blow-dry the three

skirts of ceramic sleeve and terminal disc below. It can also be measured by conventional

method or end pressure method.

4. Excessive air humidity

Air humidity makes dielectric loss measurement abnormally increased (or decreased or

even negative) and unstable, and shielding rings may be added when necessary. This

method is controversial because the electric field distribution of the test sample is

changed by artificial shielding ring. The relevant regulations can be consulted.

5. Generator Power Supply

The output voltage of the generator is unstable when it is supplied with power, and there

are high voltage burrs, which may lead to the wrong connection of 380V protection to start.

Several power filters can be connected in series at the output end of the generator to

solve this problem.

6. Test Line

Because of long-term use, it is easy to cause hidden circuit break, short circuit of core wire

and shield, or bad contact of plug. Users should always maintain the test line.

When testing standard capacitors, full shielded plugs should be used to eliminate the

influence of additional stray capacitance, otherwise the accuracy of the instrument can not

be reflected.

When measuring CVT by self-excitation method, the non-dedicated high-voltage line

should be suspended, otherwise additional stray capacitance and dielectric loss to the

ground will cause measurement errors.

7. Choice of working mode

After wiring, please choose the correct measurement mode (positive, negative and CVT),

not wrong. Especially in the interference environment, frequency conversion anti-jamming

mode should be chosen.

8. Effect of test methods

Because dielectric loss measurement is greatly influenced by test method, it should be

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distinguished between test method error and instrument error. When there is a problem,

the wiring can be checked first, and then whether it is a fault of the instrument.

9. Instrument failure

Use a multimeter to measure whether the test line is open, or whether the core line and

shield are short-circuit; 220V input power supply is too high or too low; and whether the

grounding is good.

Measure standard capacitors or capacitance samples with known capacitance and

dielectric loss by positive and negative wiring. If the results are correct, it can be judged

that there is no problem with the instrument.

X.Discussion of Frequency Conversion Measurement

1、Frequency conversion measurement

When the interference is very serious, the frequency conversion measurement can

get accurate and reliable results. For example, when measuring with 55Hz, the measuring

system only allows 55Hz signal to pass, and 50Hz interference signal is effectively

suppressed. The reason is that the measuring system can easily distinguish different

frequencies. The following simple calculation can illustrate the effect of frequency

selection measurement:

The sinusoidal waves with a difference of 1 times of the two frequencies are

superimposed together, and the high-frequency ones are interference with a amplitude 10

times of the low-frequency ones:

Y=1.234sin(x+5.678°)+12.34sin(2x+87.65°)

At x=0/90/180/270°,four measurements are obtained

Y0=12.4517,Y1= -11.1017,Y2=12.2075,Y3= -13.5576,

Calculate A=Y1-Y3=2.4559，B=Y0-Y2=0.2442,then:

φ=tg-1(B/A)=5.678° V= A2+B2/2=1.234

This is just the phase and amplitude of the low frequency part, and the interference is

suppressed. The measurement points of the actual waveform are up to tens of thousands,

and the calculation is very large.

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2、The relationship between frequency and dielectric loss

There are two ideal models of RC series and parallel dielectric losses：series model

tgδ=2πfRC ， Parallel model tgδ=1/(2πfRC) ， tgδis proportional and inverse with the

frequency f.As shown in the figure, f has a great influence on the two models of perfect

direct ratio and perfect inverse ratio. However, the actual capacitor is a hybrid model with

many models interwoven, so the influence of f is small.

tgδ Tandem model tgδ

Constant
dielectric
loss

Actual sample

Parallel model
f f
Low frequency dielectric loss High frequency dielectric loss curve or low

curve(<1kHz) frequency circuit resonance

3、Automatic frequency conversion is equivalent to 50Hz

The instrument adopts automatic frequency conversion to measure one point at each side

of the interference frequency of 50Hz (45Hz and 55Hz), and then calculate the data at the

frequency of 50Hz. In addition to the low frequency resonance of multiple component

circuits, it is impossible for the medium in a single sample to cause the energy absorption

peak at low frequency, and the dielectric loss near the power frequency always changes

monotonously with the frequency. Therefore, this measurement method will not bring

obvious errors. In fact, the average of the first two dielectric loss values is very close, even

if the average is completely valuable. At present, frequency conversion dielectric loss

instrument has become a conventional instrument for dielectric loss measurement, and its

excellent anti-interference ability and accuracy have been recognized.

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XI.Packing List of Instrument

No. Item Qty

1 Main engine 1

2 Power line 1

3 Ground lead 1

4 Fuse pipe 2

5 High voltage cable 1

6 Low voltage cable 2

7 Print paper 1

8 The CVT transmission line 2

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