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WEEK 4 Arts Crafts Movement

The Arts and Crafts movement arose in late 19th century Britain as a reaction against industrialization. It advocated for handcrafted design, truth of materials, and medieval architectural styles. Championed by William Morris and John Ruskin, Arts and Crafts architecture used simple, vernacular forms and emphasized craftsmanship. Examples include the Red House in Bexley Heath and homes showcasing built-ins, fireplaces, porches, and open floor plans.

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52 views23 pages

WEEK 4 Arts Crafts Movement

The Arts and Crafts movement arose in late 19th century Britain as a reaction against industrialization. It advocated for handcrafted design, truth of materials, and medieval architectural styles. Championed by William Morris and John Ruskin, Arts and Crafts architecture used simple, vernacular forms and emphasized craftsmanship. Examples include the Red House in Bexley Heath and homes showcasing built-ins, fireplaces, porches, and open floor plans.

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Jeux
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Architecture Of The Arts

& Crafts Movement


(1880-1920)
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
• became prominent at the end of the
nineteenth century
• continued into the beginning of the
twentieth century
• highly emphasized primitive, vernacular
forms over the revivalism popular at the
time,
• focused on the democratic and spiritual
aspects of architecture, and
• in many ways laid the foundations for the
development of modernism.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
• Arts and Crafts movement was a
reaction against the social, moral, and
artistic confusion of the Industrial
Revolution
• They sought to address the
tastelessness of mass-produced goods
and the lack of honest craftsmanship
through a reunion of art and craft
• The movement advocated
• truth to materials
• traditional craftsmanship using
simple forms and often medieval,
romantic or folk styles of decoration.
• It also proposed economic and social
reform and has been seen as essentially
anti-industrial
ARCHITECTURE
OF THE ARTS &
CRAFTS
MOVEMENT

• The motto of Arts and


Crafts was ‘Head, Hand
and Heart’ which explained
the keywords to
understanding their artistic
movement –
• The head was
embodiment of creativity
and imagination,
• The hand expressed skill
and craftsmanship, and
• The heart reflected the
honor and love.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
• Championed by architects William Morris and John Ruskin,
• was characterized by a reversion to more primitive and basic forms than were
common in neo-gothic and neo-classical styles

William Morris Red House, Bexleyheath with Philip Web


ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
• Championed by architects William Morris and John Ruskin,
• was characterized by a reversion to more primitive and basic forms than were
common in neo-gothic and neo-classical styles

John Ruskin
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
1. Sacrifice – dedication of man's craft to God, as visible proofs of man's
love and obedience
2. Truth – handcrafted and honest display of materials and structure.
Truth to materials and honest display of construction were bywords since
the serious Gothic Revival had distanced itself from the whimsical
“Gothick" of the 18th century; it had been often elaborated by Pugin and
others.
3. Power – buildings should be thought of in terms of their massing and
reach towards the sublimity of nature by the action of the human mind
upon them and the organization of physical effort in constructing
buildings.
4. Beauty – aspiration towards God expressed in ornamentation drawn
from nature, his creation
5. Life – buildings should be made by human hands, so that the joy of
masons and stone carvers is associated with the expressive freedom
given them
6. Memory – buildings should respect the culture from which they have
developed
7. Obedience – no originality for its own sake, but conforming to the
finest among existing English values, in particular expressed through
the "English Early Decorated" Gothic as the safest choice of style.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Critique of industry
• attacked the modern factory,
• the use of machinery,
• the division of labour,
• capitalism and the loss of traditional
craft methods.
• artist should be a craftsman-
designer working by hand, taking
pleasure in their work
Socialism
• advocated a more humane and
personal relationship between
employer and employee, master
and apprentice, owner and architect
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Samples of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Red House in Bexley


Heath
• Designed by Phillip
Webb and William
Morris
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Samples of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Standen House,
Sussex
• Designed by Phillip
Webb
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Samples of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Nuffield Place, Oxfordshire


• Built by Viscount Nuffield
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Samples of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Rodmarton Manor,
Gloucestershire
• designed by architect
Ernest Barnsley, a follower
of William Morris
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Samples of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Stoneywell, Leicestershire
• designed by Ernest
Gimson, a Morris follower
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Samples of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Blackwell House, Cumbria


• designed by Thomas
Mawson
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Samples of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Goddards House, Yorkshire


• designed by local architect
Walter Brierley
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Samples of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Coleton Fishacre, Devon


• architect was Oswald
Milne
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Elements of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Built of natural materials.


• Craftsman homes are
typically built of real
wood, stone and brick.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Elements of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Built-in furniture and light


fixtures.
• Built-ins were the hallmark
feature of the Arts and Crafts
era. Built-in cabinets allowed
the furnishings to be part of
the architecture, ensuring
design unity and economic
use of space. Even the light
fixtures are often part of the
design.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Elements of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Fireplace.
• A fireplace was the symbol of
family in the Arts and Crafts
movement, so most homes
feature a dominant fireplace in
the living room and a large
exterior chimney.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Elements of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Porches.
• Most homes in the
Craftsman style have
porches with thick square
or round columns and
stone porch supports.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Elements of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Low-pitched roofs.
• The homes typically
have a low roof with
wide eaves and
triangular brackets.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Elements of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Exposed beams.
• The beams on the
porch and inside the
house are often
exposed.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ARTS & CRAFTS
MOVEMENT
Elements of Arts and Crafts Movement

• Open floor plan.


• The Arts and Crafts
Movement rejected the
small, boxy rooms like
those in Victorian
houses.

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