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General Chemistry 2 – Grade 12 (STEM) Learning Activity Sheets

Quarter 3, Week 3A: Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

First Edition, 2021

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Author: Mr. Sherjune C. Cañete

School/Station: Marcos Calo National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte email address:
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1
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
General Chemistry 2, Quarter 3, Week 3A

Name: Section:
Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)

Describe the difference in the structure of crystalline and amorphous solids.
(STEM_GC11IMFIIIa-c-104)

Learning Objectives
The learners will be able to:
1. describe the structure of crystalline and amorphous solids; and
2. compare the properties of crystalline and amorphous solids.

Time Allotment: 1 hour

Key Concepts

Think of a glass, a wax, and a diamond. Do you think these substances are alike?
Why? They are different in every angle and yet all are solids. They differ in the structure
and the arrangement of their particles. The structure of solids can be categorized as
crystalline solids or amorphous solids.

Solids
- characterized by a rigid structure of molecules, ions, and atoms arranged in an
orderly or non-orderly manner. These orderly or non-orderly arrangements led to the
categorization of crystalline and amorphous solids, the two general types of solids.

Figure 1. Molecules of Solid Figure 2A. Molecules of Crystalline Solids

Source: http://Www.Differencebetween.Net/Science/Difference- Figure 2B. Molecules of Amorphous Solids
Between-Crystalline-And-Amorphous/ Source: https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/the-solid-state/crystalline-and-amorphous-solids/

Crystalline Solids
Crystalline solids are the type of solids that have particles that are orderly arranged
in a 3-dimensional pattern called the crystal lattice (a regular repeating structure). When

Author: Mr. Sherjune C. Cañete

School/Station: Marcos Calo National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte email address:
[email protected]

2
cut anywhere, it shows a clear cleavage in the structure. For its internal structure, it has a
distinct geometric shape.
In a 3-dimensional pattern, the particles have equal intermolecular forces. This solid
has a sharp melting point and is anisotropic (property of a material which allows it to
change or assume different properties in different directions). They are called true solids.
To detect the difference between a crystalline and non-crystalline solid is not easy,
especially by only touching it. Both solids are holding a definite and fixed shape, rigid, firm,
and incompressible. Also, both generally have geometric shapes and flat faces but differ
from each other in many aspects including the chemical and the physical attributes or
properties. Examples are benzoic acid, diamond, metals, and salts (figure 3).

Amorphous Solids
The word amorphous is a Greek word that means “shapeless”. Irregular and
disordered arrangement of the constituent particles of a solid. Structures are rigid and they
lack a well-defined shape.
Amorphous solids do not have a geometric shape so, they are non-crystalline. Those
variations in characteristics of an amorphous solid occur due to the arrangement of its
molecules. Here, the particles of matter which is a 3-dimensional lattice structure that we
see in other solids do not form. Some amorphous solids have impurities, it prevents such a
structure forming edged-like crystals and it has a short order arrangement of molecules. In
amorphous solids, their intermolecular forces are not the same, nor are the distances
between the particles. Some can have parts of orderly arranged patterns which are called
crystallites. The molecules, ions, or atoms of the solid depend on its cooling process. As
aforementioned, quartz crystal differs from quartz glass because of the process of
crystallization. In general, many amorphous solids have a disordered pattern. They are also
usually called the super-cooled solids; the structure shares some properties with liquids.
Also, amorphous solids do not show the true properties of solids or pseudo solids.
Examples of amorphous solids are glass, plastics, waxes, some polymers, gels, and thin
films (figure 4).
Figure 3AFigure 3B Figure 4AFigure 4B

Figure 3A. Molecules of crystalline solids Figure 4A. Molecules of amorphous solids
Figure 3B. Salt, example of crystalline solid Figure 4B. Cotton candy, example of amorphous solid
Source: https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/the-solid- Source: https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-physical state/crystalline-and-
amorphous-solids/ science-flexbook-2.0/section/2.12/primary/lesson/solids-ms-ps

Key differences between Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

A. Structure of Crystalline and Amorphous

Crystalline solid has a definite shape with orderly arranged molecules or atoms in
3dimensional patterns often termed as a crystal lattice. If this solid will cut, it depicts a
clear cleavage with surfaces intersecting at angles that are characteristic of the crystal.

Author: Mr. Sherjune C. Cañete

School/Station: Marcos Calo National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte email address:
[email protected]

3
Amorphous solids, on the other hand, have a disordered array of components not showing
a definite shape.
They show irregular shapes usually with curved surfaces when cut.
B. Melting points of Crystalline and Amorphous
Having an irregular shape, amorphous solid does not have definite melting points but melt
over a wide range of temperatures. For crystalline solids, melting points are keenly
observed or have a sharp melting point.
C. Physical properties of Crystalline and Amorphous
For crystalline solids, they are called anisotropic. Because it possesses different thermal
conductivity, electrical conductivity, and refractive index within a crystal in different
directions. Amorphous are called isotropic. These solids have similar physical properties
from either direction.

References:

Books:
BYJU’S The Learning App. “Difference between Crystalline and Amorphous”. Accessed January
08, 2021. https://byjus.com/chemistry/difference-between-crystalline-and-
amorphous/
Chang, Raymond, and Cruickshank, Brandon. Chemistry, Eighth Edition. Mc Graw Hill Higher
Education. Copyright © 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1991, 1988, 1984, 1981 by the
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN 0-07-251264-4(hc: alk. paper)
Commission on Higher Education in collaboration with the PNU. “Teaching guide for Senior
High School, General Chemistry 2. Specialized Subject | Academic-STEM. Feedback at
[email protected].

Author: Mr. Sherjune C. Cañete

School/Station: Marcos Calo National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte email address:

[email protected]

4
Online references:
Bagley, Mary. Live Science. “Properties of Matter: Solids”. Accessed January 09, 2021.
https://www.livescience.com/46946-solids.html
Dahl, Jeff. Britannica.com. “X-ray diffraction, Physics”. Accessed January 09,
2021. https://www.britannica.com/science/X-ray-diffraction
Flexbooks. “CK-12 Physical Science for Middle School – Soilds”. Flexbooks
v2.9.4.20201228233419| © CK-!@ Foundation 2021. Accessed January 10, 2021.
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-physical-science-flexbook
2.0/section/2.12/primary/lesson/solids-ms-ps
Juers, Douglas. Whitman College, Department of Physics. “X-ray Diffraction – Lab 7”.
Accessed January 07, 2021.
https://www.whitman.edu/Documents/Academics/Powder_diffraction_metals.pdf
Kochitty, Joe. Toppr.com. “The solid-state: Crystalline and Amorphous solids”. Accessed
January 07, 2021. https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/the-solid-state/crystalline-and
amorphoussolids/
Macromoltek. “What is x-ray crystallography?”. Macromoltek. Inc. Accessed January 10, 2021.
https://medium.com/@macromoltek/what-is-x-ray-crystallography-1e186bc3d180
Madisha, Lusi. DB Difference between.net. “Difference between crystalline and amorphous”.
Accessed January 08, 2021. http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-
between-crystalline-andamorphous/
Socratic Q&A. “Chemistry- What are the properties of solids?”. Accessed January 07, 2021.
https://socratic.org/questions/what-are-the-properties-of-solids SlideShare. “Free rubrics
for essay”. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://www.slideshare.net/pjlynch/essay-
assessment-rubric
The Libre Texts. “11.7: Structure of Crystalline Solids”. Accessed January 10, 2021.
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Heartland_Community_College/HCC%3A_Chem_161
/11%3A_Liquids_and_Solids/11.7%3A_Structures_of_Crystalline_Solids#:~:text=Crystallin e
%20solids%20have%20well%2Ddefined,a%20wide%20range%20of%20temperatures.

Author: Mr. Sherjune C. Cañete

School/Station: Marcos Calo National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte email address:Z

[email protected]