PRESENT

PERFECT
 1.
STRUCTURE

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How to form the present perfect tense?

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NOTE
We use other question words ( Like Who, What, Why , etc.) in present perfect
tense.
Question Words (who, what, why, etc.) + have + subject + V3

Examples
What have they done?
Why has she said like that?
Where have you seen my wallet?

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 CONTRACTIONS
For “HAVE OR HAS”

have –> ‘ve Ex: I‘ve seen.

For “HAVE NOT OR HAS NOT”;

have not –> haven’t Ex: I haven’t seen.

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2. USES

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When and how do you use the present perfect
tense in English?
Well, the present perfect tense is a way of indicating a
link between the present and the past. It is used to talk
about experiences in a way that does not refer to when
they happened. And it describes something that has
happened in the past but that is still relevant.

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1. ACTIONS THAT HAVE an impact to THE PRESENT
Present Perfect Tense is used to express an action that happened at an
unspecified time in the past and the impact of the event is now
continuing.

Examples
She has lost her wallet ( She can’t find it )
We can’t reach Paul by phone. Have you seen him?
Tom isn’t at school. I think he has gone to the theater.
My sister has broken her arm. Her arm is still broken.

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 2. Actions that ended recently
Present Perfect Tense is used to express an action that ended
recently. We often use words like “just” or “recently” for the events
taking place a very short time before now.

Examples

I have just finished my project.

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 3. unfinished actions
Present Perfect Tense is used to talk about unfinished actions or states or habits that
started in the past and continue to the present. In such sentences, it is emphasized
that how long the action has continued. So we usually use ‘since’ or ‘for’ to express
“how long”.

Examples

I have lived in Paris for five years.

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4. repeated actions in an unspecified time
Present Perfect Tense is used to express repeated actions in an
unspecified time between the past and now.

Examples

We have watched that movie three times.

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5. LIFE EXPERIENCES
Present Perfect Tense is used when we talk about life experiences.

Examples
I have been to England in my life.
Have you ever eaten Sushi before?
We have never tried to invent something new.

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6. CHANGES OVER TIME
Present Perfect Tense is used when we talk about changes that
has occurred over periods of time.

Examples
Our English has improved a lot when we moved to England.
Her behavior and attitudes have changed a lot since you last saw
her.
I have become more interested in medical issues.

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NOTE 1.
“Present Perfect Tense” is
used with “an unfinished
time word ( this week,
today, etc. )“. The period of
time is still continuing.
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Use an unfinished time word when using present perfect

Examples:

We haven’t called him this week.

I have eaten lots of plumps today.

They have had several tests this month.

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“Present Perfect Tense” is not used with “a finished time word ( yesterday, last week,
etc. )“. In such sentences, we use “Simple Past Tense”

Examples

WRONG CORRECT
I haven’t seen you yesterday. I didn’t see you yesterday.
We have finished the project last week. We finished the project last week.
He has bought a new house last year. They bought a new house last year

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NOTE 2.
We often use the present
perfect with some time
adverbials ( adverbs of
time ).

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since
“Since” is used with a point ( previous point ) in time in the past.

Examples:
Since last week / month / year / summer, etc.
Since one o’clock / two o’clock / six o’clock, etc.
Since Sunday, Monday, Friday, etc.

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for
“For” is used with a period of time in the past, present or future.

Examples

For one minute / ten minutes, etc.

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ALREADY
“Already” is used to emphasize that something was completed before something else
happened. It is also used to show surprise about things that have happened or will
have happened earlier than we expected. It usually comes between the auxiliary verb (
have or has ) and the main verb.

( We use “already” in affirmative ( positive ) sentences and questions but not usually in
negative sentences )

Examples
She has already come.
I have already done it.
Have you already written to John?
Has the train already left?

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YET
“Yet” is used to refer to a time which starts in the past and continues up to the
present. It usually comes at the end of a sentence.
( We use “yet” mostly in negative sentences and questions but not usually in
positive sentences )

Examples
It hasn’t stopped snowing yet.
They haven’t opened it yet.
Have they arrived yet?
Has she driven her new car yet?

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EVER
Ever” is used to refer to at any time. It usually comes between the
auxiliary verb ( have or has ) and the main verb.

(We use “ever” mostly in questions)

Examples
Have you ever met her?
Have you ever cooked cheesecake?
Have you ever heard this sound?

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NEVER
“Never” is used to refer to not at any time. It usually comes between the auxiliary verb
( have or has ) and the main verb.

(We use “never” in negative sentences ( negative meaningful ))

Examples
I have never been to America.
We have never heard anything so stupid.
She has never flown in a plane before.

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PRACTICE!
https://www.focus.olsztyn.pl/en-present-perfect-tense-exercises-
with-answers.html
http://www.adelescorner.org/grammar/pres_perfect/pres_perfect_1.ht
ml

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I have lied

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