Tutorial Letter

RAE3601 ASSIGNMENT 2

2023

Department of Electrical Engineering

This tutorial letter contains important information

about your module.
 RAE3601-2023-ASSIGNMENT 2

ASSIGNMENT 2
QUESTION 1: WAVE PROPAGATION, WAVEGUIDE AND RADAR

Choose the correct answer and write the alphabet next to question number, for
example: 1.1 D if alphabet D is the correct answer for question 1.1.

1.1 What is the most popular waveguide shape?

A Circular

B Rectangular

C Flexible

D Ridged

1.2 A metallic post inserted in the broad wall of a waveguide provides a lumped
reactance at that point. This is referred to…

A Tuner

B Tee

C Attenuator

D Coupler

1.3 The ratio of output power and incident power is known as…

A Tuning

B Coupling

C Bridging

D Bending

1.4 What is the name given to the number of radar pulses (waveforms)
transmitted per second?

A Pulse repetition rate

B Pulse repetition frequency

C Pulse repetition time

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 RAE3601-2023-ASSIGNMENT 2

D Rest time

1.5 What is the phenomenon whereby the frequency of a reflected signal is

shifted if there is a relation motion between the source and the reflecting
object?

A Radar

B Double range echoes

C RFDI

D Doppler

1.6 The velocity with which wave appears to more pass the guide side wall is
termed…...

A Light velocity

B Group velocity

C Phase velocity

D Wave velocity

1.7 When testing VSWR using power meter the reflected power should be very
low and the VSWR should be …...

A Nearly 1

B Exactly 1

C Much greater than 1

D Much lesser than 1

1.8 The contender for wiring of miniature millimetre wavelength circuit is …...

A Waveguide

B Dielectric filled waveguide

C Dielectric waveguide

D Flexible waveguide

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 RAE3601-2023-ASSIGNMENT 2

1.9 Which tags are suitable are suitable for animal identification and typically use
frequency shift keying (FSK)?

A Low frequency tags

B High frequency tags

C Very high frequency tags

D Ultra high frequency tags

1.10 A plane jointing all points of equal phase in a wave is……

A Ground waves

B Surface waves

C Wavefront

D Isotropic point source

1.11 Determine the ghost width on a TV screen 15 in wide when a reflected wave
results from an object 0.5 mi “behind” a receiver

A 5.38 µs

B 1.51 in

C 53.5 µs

D 1 mi

1.12 What is the best frequency for the optimum communication between any
points at any specific condition of the ionosphere?

A Maximum usable frequency

B Optimum waking frequency

C Critical frequency

D Center frequency

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 RAE3601-2023-ASSIGNMENT 2

1.13 What is the typical HF band that moves outward and upward into ionosphere?

A Ground wave

B Sky wave

C Surface wave

D Space wave

1.14 Line of sight is also known as …...

A Radiated wave

B Reflected wave

C Refracted wave

D Direct wave

1.15 What is the value of electromagnetic waves in vacuum?

A 8.85 x 10-12 F/m

B 300 x 106 m/s

C 4π x 10-7 H/m

D 6.626 x 10-34 J.s

[15]

QUESTION 2: TRANSMISSION LINES

2.1 What it is the primary reason for terminating a transmission line in an

impedance equal to the characteristic impedance of the line? (2)

2.2 Briefly explain what a standing wave ratio (SWR) is and discuss what
happens in a line when the reflection coefficient is equal to zero and when
reflection coefficient is equal to one. (3)

2.3 A citizen band transmitter operating at 27 MHz with a 4W out is connected

through a 10 m RG-8A/U cable to an antenna that has an input resistance of
300 Ω. Determine the:

2.3.1 The reflection coefficient (2)

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 RAE3601-2023-ASSIGNMENT 2

2.3.2 The electrical length of cable in wavelength (2)

2.3.3 VSWR (2)

2.3.4 The amount of transmitter`s 4-W output absorbed by the antenna (4)

2.3.5 What happened to the rest of the power? (1)

2.3.6 What can be done to increase power absorbed by the antenna? (2)

2.4 Differentiate between balanced and unbalanced line. (2)

[20]

QUESTION 3: ANTENNAS

3.1 Two λ/2 dipoles are separated by 50 km. They are aligned for optimum
reception. The transmitter feed antenna with 10 W at 144 MHz. Calculate
the power received. (4)

3.2 Define a collinear array and driven array? (2)

3.3 An antenna has a gain of 14 dB. It is fed by an RG-8/U transmission line 25 m

long whose attenuation is 3 dB/10 m at 220 MHz. The transmitter output is 50
W. Calculate:

3.3.1 A transmission line loss (5)

3.3.2 The effective radiated power (3)

3.4 Define radiation resistance and its significance (3)

3.5 SABC has satellite with a transmit power of 100 W and is 100 percent
efficient. The diameter of the reflector of the transmit antenna is 80 cm while
that of the receiver is 120 cm and 70 percent efficient. The distance between
the receive antenna and transmit antenna is 40 000 km, frequency is 11.5
GHz. Calculate:

N.B: Take path loss is equal to free space path loss.

3.5.1 The transmit power in dBm (2)
3.5.2 The wavelength (1)
3.5.3 Gain of the transmit antenna (2)

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 RAE3601-2023-ASSIGNMENT 2

3.5.4 Gain of the receive antenna (2)

3.5.5 Power received by the antenna (4)
3.6 An antenna is being fed by properly terminated two-wire transmission line.
The current in the line at the input end is 5 A. The surge impedance of the line
is 500Ω.
3.6.1 Define the surge impedance. (1)
3.6.2 How much power is being supplied to the line? (1)

[30]

TOTAL = [65]

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 RAE3601-2023-ASSIGNMENT 2

ANNEXURE 1: FORMULAR SHEET

𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 −𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Modulation index 𝑚𝑚 = 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 +𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Thermal noise generated by the resistor is 𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑛 (𝑅𝑅) = √4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

P = V2/R
PR = PT + GT- Lp+ GR
π2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴2
𝐺𝐺 = 10 log �η � ��
λ2
4π𝑟𝑟
𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑝 = 20 log � λ
�

𝑆𝑆
𝐶𝐶 = 𝐵𝐵𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙2 �1 + �
𝑉𝑉

𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 =
𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐿 −𝑍𝑍𝑜𝑜 𝑉𝑉 −𝑉𝑉
Г= 𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐿 +𝑍𝑍𝑜𝑜
= 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 +𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑚𝑚2
𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇 = 𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐 �1 + �
2

𝐼𝐼𝑇𝑇2
𝑚𝑚 = �2 � − 1�
𝐼𝐼𝐶𝐶2

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 RAE3601-2023-ASSIGNMENT 2

ANNEXURE 2: CONSTANTS LIST

Speed of light = 3 x 108 m/s
Boltzmann constant = 1.38064852(79) x 10-23 J/K

Table 1: Bessel Functions of the First Kind, Jn(mf)

mf J0 J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10
(Carrier)
0.00 1.00 - - - - - - - - - -
0.25 0.98 0.12 - - - - - - - - -
0.5 0.94 0.24 0.03 - - - - - - - -
1.0 0.77 0.44 0.11 0.02 - - - - - - -
1.5 0.51 0.56 0.23 0.06 0.01 - - - - - -
2.0 0.22 0.58 0.35 0.13 0.03 - - - - - -
2.5 -0.05 0.50 0.45 0.22 0.07 0.02 - - - - -
3.0 -0.26 0.34 0.49 0.31 0.13 0.04 0.01 - - - -
4.0 -0.40 -0.07 0.36 0.43 0.28 0.13 0.05 0.02 - - -
5.0 -0.18 -0.33 0.05 0.36 0.39 0.26 0.13 0.05 0.02 - -
6.0 0.15 -0.28 -0.24 0.11 0.36 0.36 0.25 0.13 0.06 0.02 -
7.0 0.30 0.00 -0.30 -0.17 0.16 0.35 0.34 0.23 0.13 0.06 0.02
8.0 0.17 0.23 -0.11 -0.29 -0.10 0.19 0.34 0.32 0.22 0.13 0.06
9.0 -0.09 0.24 0.14 -0.18 -0.27 -0.06 0.20 0.33 0.30 0.21 0.12
10.0 -0.25 0.04 0.25 0.06 -0.22 -0.23 -0.01 0.22 0.31 0.29 0.20