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Hall Effect

This document describes an experiment to determine the Hall voltage, Hall coefficient, and carrier concentration of a sample material. The apparatus includes a constant current source, two solenoids to generate a magnetic field, and a Hall probe. When a current-carrying conductor is placed perpendicular to a magnetic field, a Hall voltage develops perpendicular to both the current and magnetic field. By measuring the Hall voltage across the sample for different currents and magnetic fields, the Hall coefficient and carrier concentration can be calculated. A procedure is outlined where the sample is placed between the solenoids and the Hall voltage is measured for varying currents and magnetic fields using the Hall probe and apparatus.

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KARMA FOWL
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12 views

Hall Effect

This document describes an experiment to determine the Hall voltage, Hall coefficient, and carrier concentration of a sample material. The apparatus includes a constant current source, two solenoids to generate a magnetic field, and a Hall probe. When a current-carrying conductor is placed perpendicular to a magnetic field, a Hall voltage develops perpendicular to both the current and magnetic field. By measuring the Hall voltage across the sample for different currents and magnetic fields, the Hall coefficient and carrier concentration can be calculated. A procedure is outlined where the sample is placed between the solenoids and the Hall voltage is measured for varying currents and magnetic fields using the Hall probe and apparatus.

Uploaded by

KARMA FOWL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HALL EFFECT

AIM: To determine the Hall voltage developed across the sample material and to calculate
the Hall coefficient and the carrier concentration of the sample material.

APPARATUS: Two solenoids, Constant current supply, Four probe, Digital gauss meter,
Hall effect apparatus (which consist of Constant Current Generator (CCG), digital milli
voltmeter and Hall probe).

THEORY: If a current carrying conductor placed in a perpendicular magnetic field, a


potential difference will generate in the conductor which is perpendicular to both magnetic
field and current. This phenomenon is called Hall Effect.

CCG – Constant Current Generator, JX – current density


ē – electron, B – applied magnetic field
t – thickness, w – width
VH – Hall voltage

If the magnetic field is applied along negative z-axis, the Lorentz force moves the charge
carriers (say electrons) toward the y-direction. This results in accumulation of charge carriers
at the top edge of the sample. This set up a transverse electric field Ey in the sample. This
develop a potential difference along y-axis is known as Hall voltage VH and this effect is
called Hall Effect.

Hall voltage can be written as:

Rearranging:

Where RH is called the Hall coefficient:

RH=1/ne

PROCEDURE:

 Connect ‘Constant current source’ to the solenoids.

 Four probe is connected to the Gauss meter and placed at the middle of the two
solenoids.

 Switch ON the Gauss meter and Constant current source.

 Vary the current through the solenoid from 1A to 5A with the interval of 0.5A, and
note the corresponding Gauss meter readings.

 Switch OFF the Gauss meter and constant current source and turn the knob of
constant current source towards minimum current.

 Fix the Hall probe on a wooden stand. Connect green wires to Constant Current
Generator and connect red wires to milli voltmeter in the Hall Effect apparatus

 Replace the Four probe with Hall probe and place the sample material at the middle of
the two solenoids.

 Switch ON the constant current source and CCG.

 Carefully increase the current I from CCG and measure the corresponding Hall
voltage VH. Repeat this step for different magnetic field B.
 Thickness t of the sample is measured using screw gauge.

 Hence calculate the Hall coefficient RH.

 Then calculate the carrier concentration n.

TABULATION:

Trial Magnetic Field Thickness (t) Hall current, Hall Voltage


    RH          
No: (Tesla T) m mA mV
 1          
 2          
 3          
 4          
 5          
 

RESULTS:

Hall coefficient of the material = .........................


Carrier concentration of the material =..........................  m-3

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