Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

___________________________________________________________________________

LECTURE 15: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF TIMBER STRUCTURES

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson, the student will be able to:
1. design and investigate timber beams
2. identify different types of Philippine Timbers to be used in a structure

COVERAGE:
1. Structural Introduction of Timber Structures
2. Philippine Timbers
3. Structural Design and Investigation of Timber Structures

OBJECTIVES:
1. To design and investigate timber beams
2. To identify different types of Philippine Timbers to be used in a structure

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF TIMBER STRUCTURES

According to NSCP 2015 pages 6-29 to 6-31 (TAB 1), the structural timber of Philippine woods are
divided into four groups as listed in the table below. The table below is only used for 80% stress grade.
Group 1 is the best but expensive group of Philippine timber.
 Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

TAB 1
 Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

The table below (TAB 2) is a list of relative densities of each structural timber taken from NSCP 2015.

TAB 2

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ANALYSIS OF TIMBER STRUCTURES

1) BENDING OR FLEXURAL STRESS

b
General Formula

Mc
fb = I
d
For rectangular section only

6M
fb = b d2

where: fb = bending or flexural stress

M = maximum moment
c = distance between the neutral axis to the extrememost fiber
I = moment of inertia

b d3
I = for rectangular shape
12

π D4
I = for circular shape
64
 Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

2) SHEARING STRESS

General Formula

VQ
fv = Ib

For rectangular shape only

3V
fv =
2bd

where: fv = shearing stress

V = maximum shear
Q = statical moment
= A  y
b = intersection of the neutral axis to the section itself

3) DEFLECTION

L
δallowable = 240 for dead load and live load consideration

For uniformly distributed load throughout the entire simply supported beam

5 w L4 2
wL
δ = M = wL V = 2
384 EI 8

For concentrated load at the midspan of simply supported beam

3
PL PL P
δ = 48 EI
M = 4 V = 2

PROBLEM 1.

Determine the maximum bending stress, shearing stress and deflection of Molave (80% grade) beam shown
using service dead load of 80.50 kN/m and service live load of 20.80 kN/m. Use LRFD.

200 mm

w 500 mm

3.70 m

MOLAVE (80% stress grade)

E = 6.54 x 103 MPa from TAB 1

 Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

r.d. = 0.69 from TAB 2

ww = weight of the wood

ww = rd (wH2O) wH2O = unit weight of water

= 9.807 kN/m3 (constant)
ww = 0.69 ( 9.807)

ww = 6.77 kN/m3

wB = weight of the beam

w B = w w Aw Aw = area of wood = (0.2 m x 0.5 m)

wB = 6.77 (0.20) (0.50)

wB = 0.68 kN/m

D = total dead load = 80.50 + 0.68

D = 81.18 kN/m

L = live load = 20.80 kN/m

w = 1.2D + 1.6L

w = 1.2 (81.18) + 1.6 (20.80)

w = 130.70 kN/m

2
M =
w L2 = 130.70(3.70) = 223.66 kN.m from formulas
8 8

wL 130.70(3.70)
V = = = 241.80 kN
2 2

3 3
bd 200(500)
I = = = 2 083 333 333 mm4
12 12

6M 6 ( 223.66 ) (1000)2
fb = 2 = = 26.84 MPa ANSWER
bd 200(500)2

3V 3 (241.80 ) (1000)
fv = = = 3.63 MPa ANSWER
2bd 2 ( 200 )(500)
 Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

5 w L4 5 ( 130.70 ) (3.70)4 (1000)4

δ = = 3 = 23.41 mm ANSWER
384 EI 384(6.54 x 10 )( 2083 333 333)

PROBLEM 2.

Determine the total weight per load and the length of a Lingo-lingo (80% stress grade) beam. Neglect
deflection. The size of the beam is 100 mm x 300 mm.

100 mm

W 300 mm

From NSCP 2015 (TAB 1)

Lingo-lingo (80% stress grade)

fb = 13.20 MPa

fv = 1.66 MPa

w L2
M = = 0.125 wL2
8

wL
V = = 0.50 wL
2

6M
fb =
b d2

13.2 = 6 ( 0.125 w L2 ) ¿ ¿

wL2 = 158.40 ............... eq. 1

3V
fv =
2bd

3 ( 0.50 wL ) (1000)
1.66 =
2 ( 100 ) (300)
 Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

wL = 66.40 ................... eq. 2

eq. 1 divided by eq. 2

w L2 158.40
=
wL 66.40
L = 2.39 m ANSWER

Substitute L to eq. 2

wL = 66.40

w (2.39) = 66.40

w = 27.79 kN/m ANSWER

PROBLEM 3.

Check the adequacy of Liusin (80% stress grade) using ASD. Neglect deflection.

PD = 4 kN PL = 5 kN wD = 10 kN/m wL = 8 kN/m

PL PD

1m 1m 1m 300 mm

w 400 mm

R1 R2

From NSCP 2015 (TAB 1)

Liusin (80% stress grade)

fb = 25 MPa

fv = 2.64 MPa

E = 9.36 x 103 MPa

rd = 0.79 (from TAB 2)

ww = 0.79 (9.807) = 7.75 kN/m

wB = 7.75 (0.30) (0.40) = 0.93 kN/m

wD = 10 + 0.93 = 10.93 kN/m

wL = 8 kN/m
 Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

w = wD + wL = 10.93 + 8 = 18.93 kN/m

PL = 5 kN
PD = 4 kN

Consider the free body diagram below

[ƩM1 = 0] +

0 = - R2 (3) + 5 (1) + 4 (2) + 18.93 (3) (1.50)

R2 = 32.73 kN 

[ƩFv = 0] +

0 = R1 + 32.73 - 5 - 4 - 18.93 (3)

R1 = 33.06 kN 

SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM

5 kN 4 kN

1m 1m 1m

18.93 kN/m

R1 R2

33.06

14.13

V (kN) 9.13

0.48 m
9.8

13.8

25.79 32.73
23.6 23.24

M (kN.m)

From shear and moment diagram

V = 33.06 kN
 Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
M = 25.79 kN.m

2
6M 6 ( 25.79 ) (1000)
fb = =
b d2 300 (400)2

fb = 3.22 MPa < 25 MPa safe

3V 3 (33.06 ) (1000)
fv = =
2bd 2 ( 300 ) (400)

fv = 0.41 MPa < 2.64 MPa safe

THEREFORE: the beam is adequate ANSWER

PROBLEM 4.

Determine the unfactored concentrated dead load at the midspan of the beam shown. The wood to
be used is Sasalit (80% stress grade). The unfactored service dead load is 7 kn/m while the unfactored
service live load is 3 kN/m. Use LRFD

PD

2m 2m

From NSCP 2015 (TAB 1)

Sasalit (80% stress grade)

Fb = 31.30 MPa
 Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

Fv = 3.38 MPa

E = 9.72 x 103 MPa

rd = 0.90 (refer to TAB 2)

ww = 0.90 (9.807) = 8.83 kN/m

AB = 235 (311) - 159 (235) = 35 720 mm 2

35720
wB = 8.83 [ 2 ] = 0.32 kN/m
(1000)

wD = 7 + 0.32 = 7.32 kN/m

wL = 3 kN/m

w = 1.4D + 1.6L = 1.2 (7.32) + 1.6 (3) = 13.58 kN/m

PD = 1.2 P P= ?

w L2 P L 13.58(4 )2 1.2 P(4)

M = + D = + = 27.16 + 1.2 P
8 4 8 4

wL PD 13.58(4 ) 1.2 P
V = + = + = 27.16 + 0.6 P
2 2 2 2

For bending or flexural stress: we will be using the general formula since the beam is not a solid rectangle

c = distance from neutral axis (centroidal axis) to the extrememost fiber

d 311
c = = = 155.50 mm
2 2
3 3 3 3
bd bd 235(311) 159(235)
I = Isolid - Ihole = [ ]solid - [ ]hole = -
12 12 12 12

I = 417114346.7 mm4

Mc
fb =
I
 Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
( 27.16+1.2 P )(1000)2 (155.50)
31.30 =
417 114 346.7

P = 47.33 kN

For shearing stress: we will be using the general formula since the beam is not a solid rectangle. To find
statical moment Q consider upper half of the section from neutral axis to the uppermost fiber. The dashed line is
the neutral axis.

238 mm

38 mm

311
- 38 = 117.5 mm
2
38 mm 38 mm

38 117.5
Q = A y = 238 (38) (117.5 + ) + 2 (117.5) (38) ( )
2 2
Q = 1 743 582.5 mm3

b = intersection of the neutral axis to the section itself

b = 2 (38) = 76 mm

VQ
fv =
Ib
( 27.16+0.6 P ) ( 1000 ) (1743 582.5)
3.38 =
417 114 346.7 (76)
P = 57.15 kN

For deflection:

L 4 (1000)
δallowable = = = 16.67 mm
240 240

5w L
4
P D L3
δ = +
384 EI 48 EI
4 4
5 ( 13.58 )(4) (1000) 3
1.2 P( 4) (1000)
4
16.67 = +
384 ( 9.72 x 10 ) ( 417 114 346.7)
3
48¿ ¿

16.67 = 11.16 + 0.39 P

 Far Eastern University MIDYEAR TERM 2023
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

P = 14.13 kN

NOTE: There are three values of P. Since we are considering the safe value of the loads, then the critical
value is the least.

ADOPT: P = 14.13 kN ANSWER