Scribd
Upload
7 views

Experiment 6

The document describes an experiment on operational amplifiers. It discusses four applications of op-amps: as an inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, summing amplifier, and difference amplifier. Circuits are provided for each application. The procedures describe connecting each circuit, applying input voltages, measuring input and output voltages, and varying resistor values. The goal is to study how op-amps function in these four common circuit configurations.

Uploaded by

rachit gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

Experiment 6

The document describes an experiment on operational amplifiers. It discusses four applications of op-amps: as an inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, summing amplifier, and difference amplifier. Circuits are provided for each application. The procedures describe connecting each circuit, applying input voltages, measuring input and output voltages, and varying resistor values. The goal is to study how op-amps function in these four common circuit configurations.

Uploaded by

rachit gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Experiment-6

Aim: - Applications of Op-amp - Op-amp as inverting amplifier, non-inverting, summing


amplifier, and Difference amplifier.
Apparatus: Experimental kit and connecting cables.
Theory: An operational amplifier is a high-gain direct-coupled amplifier having low output
impedance and high input impedance. The first stage of an op-amp consists of a differential
amplifier resulting in two input terminals called inverting and non-inverting. These are
characteristics by a +ve and -ve sign, respectively.

The input applied at the ‘non-inverting’ terminal is amplified by the amplifier without any
phase change, whereas an input applied at the ‘inverting’ terminal undergoes a 180-degree
phase change. The operational amplifier can amplify dc as well as ac input signals.

a) Inverting amplifier
This is the most widely used of all the Op-amp circuits. The output is fed back to the
inverting input through the – network, as shown in the figure, where Rf is the feedback
resistor. The input signal Vi is applied to the inverting input terminal through Rin, and the
non-inverting input terminal of Op-amp is grounded. The negative sign indicates a phase shift
of 180 degrees between Vi and V0. The effective input impedance is Ri.
An inverting amplifier uses negative feedback to invert and amplify a voltage. The
Rin, Rf resistor network allows some of the output signal to be returned to the input. Since
the output is 180° out of phase, this amount is effectively subtracted from the input, thereby
reducing the input into the operational amplifier.
Inverting amplifier
Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Apply the voltage with the help of an inbuilt voltage source and measure its
amplitude with the help of DVM.
3. Switch on the power supply.
4. Measure the input and output voltage from the input and output.
5. Set the different values of resistors and repeat the steps

b) Non-inverting amplifier
The operational amplifier can also construct a non-inverting amplifier with the circuit
indicated below. The input signal is applied to the operational amplifier's positive or non-
inverting input terminal, and a portion of the output signal is fed back to the negative input
terminal. Analysis of the circuit is performed by relating the voltage at V 2 to both the input
voltage Vin and the output voltage Vo.  The output is applied back to the inverting (-) input
through the feedback circuit (closed loop) formed by the input resistor R 1 and the feedback
resistor R2. Resistors R1 and R2 form a voltage-divider circuit, which reduces Vo and connects
the reduced voltage V2 to the inverting input. 

Non-inverting amplifier
Procedure:
 
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Apply the voltage with the help of an inbuilt voltage source and measure its amplitude
with the help of DVM.
3. Switch on the power supply.
4. Measure the input and output voltage from the input and output.
5. Set the different values of resistors and repeat the steps.

c. Summing amplifier

The Summing Amplifier is another operational amplifier circuit configuration that combines
the voltages on two or more inputs into a single output voltage.

−R F
V 0= (V a +V b )
Ra

The output voltage is equal to the negative sum of all the inputs times the circuit’s gain.
When the gain of the circuit is 1, Ra =Rb=R F , Then the output voltage is equal to the
negative sum of all input voltages. Thus

V 0=−(V a+V b)

Summing amplifier
d) Difference amplifier
A difference amplifier or op-amp subtractor is an electronic amplifier that amplifies the
difference between two input voltages but suppresses any voltage common to the two inputs.
A differential amplifier is an analog circuit with two inputs (V 1 and V2) and one output (V0)
in which the output is ideally proportional to the difference between the two voltages.

−R F
V 0= (V a −V b )
Ra

The output voltage of the differential amplifier with a gain of 1 is


−R
V 0= (V a +V b)
R
That is
V 0=(V b −V a )

Difference amplifier
Procedure:
 
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Apply the voltage with the help of an inbuilt voltage source and measure its amplitude
with the help of DVM.
3. Switch on the power supply.
4. Measure the input and output voltage from the input and output.
5. Set the different values of resistors and repeat the steps.

You might also like