MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY – MAIN CAMPUS BATARAZA EXTENSION

Municipality of Bataraza
Province of Palawan

A Detailed Lesson Plan in

BIO013.2 – Microbiology and Parasitology for Teachers

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners shall be able to:
 Identify different shapes of bacteria based on their scientific names.
 Share the importance of proper hygiene to prevent bacterial infections and other related diseases.
 Create a 2-page critique paper about the factors affecting biodegradation of spilled oil in coastal-marine
environments.
II. Subject Matter
Topic: Introduction to Bacteriology
Reference/s: Microbiology and Parasitology by Serdon Sabtal, Volume 3, pp 35-46.
Materials: Laptop and LCD Projector

III. Learning Tasks

Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities
A. Pre-Activity

A.1 Greetings
Good morning, class! Good morning, Sir Navarro! It’s nice to see
you again. Mabuhay!

A.2 Prayer
Let us start our session with a prayer to be led by Mr Arcadio leads the prayer.
Arcadio.

A.3 Classroom Management

Okay, before anything else, please pick up the pieces of The learners pick up the trashes and dispose
papers and plastics below your chairs. them properly.

A.4 Checking of Attendance

May I request our class secretary, Ms Langga, to check Class secretary: Everyone is present, Sir.
the attendance

B. Recapitulation
Let’s have a quick review on the past lesson that we had
about Microbiology.
Is Escherichia coli a living thing? Yes, Sir. E. coli is a living thing because it
possesses a number of characteristics of life
like the ability to reproduce, growth &
development, energy use, homeostasis,
response to environment and the ability to
adapt
C. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
  Identify different shapes of bacteria based on
their scientific names.
 Promote the importance of proper hygiene to
prevent bacterial infections and other related
diseases.
 Create a 2-page critique paper about the factors
affecting biodegradation of spilled oil in coastal-
marine environments.

D. Motivation
Tell me what you see!

The teacher will present pictures of bacteria and will ask

selected students to answer the following processing
questions:

What are your thoughts about these pictures? These are microscopic organisms, Sir. They
are very small that’s why we cannot see
them using our naked eye. We need
specialized apparatus like the microscope to
observe them.

Are these microscopic organisms harmful? Some are harmful to us humans and some
are beneficial, Sir.

E. Lesson Proper

E.1 Abstraction
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that are neither
plants nor animals. They usually measure a few
micrometers in length and exist together in communities
of millions.
There are many different types of bacteria.
How can we classify them? Based on my advanced readings, Sir, one
way of classifying bacteria is through their
distinct shapes.

You are right!

One way of classifying them is by shape. There are three
basic shapes:
 Spherical- These bacteria are like a ball and are
called Cocci. Examples include the
streptococcus group, responsible for “strep
throat.”
 Rod-shaped- These are known as bacilli. One
common example of rod-shaped bacteria is
Bacillus anthracis.
 Spiral- These are known as
spirilla. Leptospirosis and syphilis are caused by
bacteria of this shape.
Are there any questions regarding bacterial shape? None, Sir.

Let us now proceed to the structure of bacteria.

Bacterial cells are different from plant and animal cells
because these microscopic organisms are prokaryotes.

Who among you here can differentiate prokaryotes from Eukaryotic cells are cells containing
eukaryotes? membrane-bound organelles and are the
basis for both unicellular and multicellular
organisms. In contrast, prokaryotic cells do
not have any membrane-bound organelles
and are always part of unicellular
organisms.

Very good! So, since bacteria are prokaryotes, each cell

includes:
 Capsule: A layer found on the outside of the cell
wall in some bacteria.
 Cell wall: A layer that is made of a polymer
called peptidoglycan.
 Plasma membrane: Found within the cell wall,
this generates energy and transports chemicals.
This membrane is permeable.
 Cytoplasm- A gelatinous substance inside the
plasma membrane that contains genetic material
and ribosomes.
 DNA- This contains all the genetic instructions
used in the development and function of the
bacterium.
 Ribosomes- This is where proteins are made, or
synthesized.
 Flagellum- This is used for movement, to propel
some types of bacteria.
 Pili- These hair-like appendages on the outside
of the cell allow it to stick to surfaces and
transfer genetic material to other cells.

Bacteria feed in different ways. Heterotrophic bacteria,

or heterotrophs, get their energy by consuming organic
carbon.
Most of these bacteria obtain energy by
Where do heterotrophic bacteria obtain their energy?
absorb dead organic material, such as
decomposing flesh, Sir.
Awesome answer! Heterotrophic bacteria derive energy
from organic compounds. They are widely distributed
and most abundant forms. Also, they are mostly
responsible for the decomposition of organic matter.
Some live as a parasite and cause various diseases in
plants, animals and humans.
Autotrophic bacteria (or just autotrophs) make their
own food, either through either: Photosynthesis, using
sunlight, water and carbon dioxide, or chemosynthesis,
using carbon dioxide, water, and chemicals such as
ammonia, nitrogen, sulfur, and others.

Based on the facts about bacteria that I mentioned Sir, bacteria can be found in soil, water,
earlier, where do these organisms live? plants, animals, radioactive waste, deep in
the earth’s crust, arctic ice and glaciers,
and hot springs.

Correct! There are also bacteria in the stratosphere,

between 6 and 30 miles up in the atmosphere, and in the
ocean depths, down to 32,800 feet or 10,000 meters
deep. Scientists counted an average of 5,100 bacterial
cells per cubic meter of air.

Other subtopics:
 Types of bacteria according to their
habitat.
 Reproduction and transformation
 Uses of bacteria:
 Human survival
 Nitrogen fixation
 Food technology
 Bacteria in industry and research

E.2 Generalization
The teacher will ask the following questions to the
learners:

What did you learn about bacteria from today’s Sir, I’ve learned that bacteria can be
discussion? classified according to their shape. So, there
are three major shapes among bacterial
cells: spherical, rod-shaped and spiral.

Who among you can give a concrete example of the Nitrogen fixation, Sir. Legume crops such as
importance of bacteria in the agricultural industry? beans, peanuts and soy can fix nitrogen from
the air, and flourish on nitrogen- deficient
soils. To do so, they need help from
Rhizobium bacteria. These special bacteria
stimulate the growth of nodules on the roots
of leguminous plants. The bacteria help the
plant by extracting nitrogen from the air,
while the plant helps the bacteria grow by
supplying carbon. It is a perfect symbiosis.
\ Thanks to the bacteria, the leguminous
plants are less reliant on (artificial)
fertilisers.

F. Application (Role-playing)
Create a 3-minute roleplay that simulates the importance
of proper hygiene in preventing bacterial infections and
other related diseases.

Rubrics:
Content --------- 50%
Delivery--------- 20%
Acting Skills--- 30%
Total------------- 100%

G. Assessment (Quiz)
Identify the shape of the following bacteria:
_____1.Staphylococcus aureus
_____2. Spirillum volutans
_____3. Bacillus anthracis
_____4. Bacillus cereus
_____5. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

H. Assignment
Read the review paper by Bacosa et al., (2022) entitled
“From Surface Water to the Deep Sea: A Review on
Factors Affecting the Biodegradation of Spilled Oil in
Marine Environment” and create a 2-page critique paper
about the factors affecting biodegradation of spilled oil
in coastal-marine environments.

Rubrics:
Content---------60 pts
Organization---30 pts
Grammar-------10 pts
Total-------------100 pts

Prepared by:

CARL KENETH P. NAVARRO, LPT, MSc

Assistant Professor IV
Faculty, College of Education

Checked by:

HERNANDO P. BACOSA, PhD

Professor VI
Campus Director, MSU-MCBE