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BGCSE BIOLOGY Session 12 PDF

This document provides information about human and plant reproductive systems. It discusses the male and female reproductive systems in humans and their main parts. It also describes gametes, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction in plants. Asexual reproduction results in genetically identical offspring from one parent through cloning, while sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes from two parents, resulting in offspring with mixed genetic information.

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Thobo Peter
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86 views22 pages

BGCSE BIOLOGY Session 12 PDF

This document provides information about human and plant reproductive systems. It discusses the male and female reproductive systems in humans and their main parts. It also describes gametes, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction in plants. Asexual reproduction results in genetically identical offspring from one parent through cloning, while sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes from two parents, resulting in offspring with mixed genetic information.

Uploaded by

Thobo Peter
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BGCSE BIOLOGY
Human Reproductive Systems
Male reproductive
system
• Testes: produce sperm and testosterone

• Scrotum: a sac that keeps testes cool (outside


body)

• Sperm ducts: link testis to urethra: allow passage


of semen containing sperm

• Prostate gland: produce alkaline fluid ---> semen

• Urethra: urinate; pass semen (+sperm) through


penis
Female
reproductive
system
• Ovaries: contains follicles, produce
and stores eggs, produce oestrogen

• Oviducts: carries ovum to uterus;


Fallopian tubes = site of fertilization

• Uterus – where fetus develops

• Cervix- a ring of muscles that


separate the vagina from the uterus
Gametes
Adaptations
Reproduction in Plants
Asexual Reproduction in Plants

• Plants can reproduce asexually as well


as sexually

• Asexual reproduction only involves one


parent and all offspring produced
are exact genetic copies of each other
and the parent plant – they
are clones (genetically identical)

• Asexual reproduction is the process


resulting in the production of
genetically identical offspring from a
single parent i.e. cloning
Sexual Reproduction in
Plants
• Sexual reproduction is the process
involving the fusion of two gametes
(one from each parent) to form a
zygote.

• This results in the production of


offspring that is genetically
different from the parents.

• Gametes are sex cells that have half


of the normal chromosome number
(haploid).

• Therefore, when the male and


female gamete fuse together they
form a new cell with the normal
chromosome number (diploid).
Fertilization in Plants
Pollination Vs Fertilization

• Think of pollination as the plant’s equivalent to human sexual intercourse –


after sex, the male sex cells (sperm) have been deposited into the female.

• But, for fertilisation to occur, the nucleus from a male sperm cell has to fuse
with the nucleus of a female sex cell (egg) and the sperm has to travel to
find the egg before this happens. It’s exactly the same in plants!
Fertilization in Plants
Fertilization in Plants
Fertilization in Plants
Asexual reproduction is: The process resulting in
genetically identical offspring being produced from one
parent
• Asexual reproduction
does not involve gametes or fertilization

• Only one parent is required so there is no fusion of


gametes and no mixing of genetic information

• As a result, the offspring are genetically identical to the


parent and to each other (they are clones)

• Many plants reproduce via asexual reproduction

• Bacteria produce exact genetic copies of themselves in


a type of asexual reproduction called binary fission

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