Journal Final
Journal Final
A JOURNAL REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE
NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY GUIHULNGAN CAMPUS
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
LERADO, AIZEL A.
JUNE 2023
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This piece of work come into reality and become a success with the kindest help
from these wonderful people. With deepest gratitude to the Almighty Father, who gives
us wisdom and knowledge to make things happen; we extend our appreciation to:
Mr. Ariel D. Langomes our Adviser/ Mentor for not hesitating to help us, for
patiently and encouragingly, and push us to look forward. He makes all things possible
To our classmates especially our group for making these pressuring moments
unforgettable and creating good vibes with the fighting spirit to continue dreaming big
To the College of Agriculture Forestry and Fishery the Faculty and Staff who
share with us; when we start our learning for keeping us believing that we can do it.
Most importantly, to our parents and guardians for not giving up every time we
BSA 3- Section A
2i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES 5
PHYSICAL RESOURCES 6
EGGPLANT PRODUCTION
Land Preparation 15
Varietal Selection 16
Transplanting 17
Fertilizer Application 18
Weeding and Cultivation Management 19
Other Management 20
Pest and Disease Management 21
Harvesting 23
Financial Aspect 24
LADYFINGER PRODUCTION
Land Preparation 25
Varietal Selection 25
Seed Sowing 26
Fertilizer Application 27
Weeding and Cultivation Management 28
Pest and Disease Management 29
Harvesting 31
Financial Aspect 31
BUSH SITAO PRODUCTION
ii3
Land Preparation 32
Varietal Selection 33
Seed Sowing 33
Fertilizer Application 34
Weeding and Cultivation Management 34
Pest and Disease Management 35
Harvesting 37
Problem Encountered 38
Financial Aspect 39
APPENDICES 40
CURRICULUM VITAE 48
4iii
CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES
DATE ACTIVITIES
March 02, 2023 Cleared the area.
March 04, 2023 Plowed the area.
March 09, 2023 Germinated eggplant seeds into a
seedling tray.
Prepared planting beds for
mulching.
March 13, 2023 Prepared the materials used for
mulching.
Planted Lemon grass serves as crop
guard.
March 15, 2023 Sown okra seeds.
March 23, 2023 Applied cow manure to okra
plants.
March 27, 2023 Mulched the planting beds for
eggplant.
March 28, 2023 Applied cow manure as basal
fertilizer.
Transplanted the eggplant.
April 04, 2023 Weeded the eggplant area.
April 05, 2023 Weeded and cultivated the okra
area.
April 13, 2023 Weeded and cultivated eggplant
and okra area.
Drenched eggplant and okra plants.
April 16, 2023 Drenched eggplant plants.
April 18, 2023 Sprayed fungicide on eggplant and
okra plants.
Drenched eggplant plants.
April 20, 2023 Drenched eggplant plants.
April 24, 2023 Applied granular fertilizer (urea)
on eggplant and okra plants.
April 27, 2023 Applied granular fertilizer (urea
and potash) on eggplant.
April 28, 2023 Weeded and cultivated the eggplant
and okra area.
May 02, 2023 Installed a shading net.
Cleared and plowed the Bush Sitao
5
area.
Applied basal fertilizer on bush
sitao.
Sown the Bush Sitao seeds.
May 05, 2023 Spraying fungicide on eggplant
and okra plants.
May 10, 2023 Did the 1st harvest of okra.
May 12, 2023 Did the 2nd harvest of okra.
May 13, 2023 Sprayed fungicide on eggplant and
okra plants.
May 19, 2023 Applied granular fertilizer (potash)
on eggplant.
Sprayed insecticides on eggplant,
okra, and bush sitao plants.
May 28, 2023 Did the 3rd harvest of okra.
May 30, 2023 Did the 4th harvest of okra.
Sprayed insecticides on eggplant,
okra, and bush sitao plants.
Drenching Bush Sitao
June 02, 2023 Did the 5th harvest of okra.
Wrapped the fruit in pieces of
newspaper.
Trellising eggplant
June 06, 2023 Weeded and cultivated the eggplant
and okra area.
Drenched the eggplant and bush
sitao plants.
Did the 1st harvest of eggplant.
Did the 6th harvest of okra.
Sprayed insecticides on eggplant
and okra plants.
Wrapped the fruit in pieces of
newspaper.
June 9, 2023 Did the 2nd harvest of eggplant.
Did the 7th harvest of okra.
June 13, 2023 Did the 3rd harvest of eggplant.
Did the 8th harvest of okra.
Weeded and cultivated the eggplant
and okra area.
June 14, 2023 Did the 1st harvest of bush sitao.
6
Removed the plants that were
infected by the curl leaf virus.
June 16, 2023 Did the 9th harvest of okra.
June 19, 2023 Did the 10th harvest of okra.
Did the 4th harvest of eggplant.
Did the 2nd harvest of bush sitao.
Table 1. The table above enumerates the activities done by the students.
PHYSICAL RESOURCES
7
Rake. A tool used for collecting hays, grasses, and debris and for loosening and leveling
the soil.
Figure 1.
Shovel. A hand implement consisting of a broad scoop or less hallowed out blade with a
handle used to lift and throw material.
Figure 2.
8
Figure 3.
Seeding Tray. A gardening tool designed to hold multiple seeds, starting from the
germination stage, till the seedlings are ready for transplantation.
Figure 4.
Sprinkler. It is a manual device perforated with small holes overly water plants.
9
Figure 5.
Fertilizers. Chemicals or natural substances are applied to soils or to plants to supply one
or more nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
Figure 6.
Farm Chemicals. A variety of chemicals are available that have been designed to control
insect and plant diseases.
10
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Pick Mattock. A very handy tool that combines the pointed head of a pick, used for
digging up hard soil and rock, and an adze.
11
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Digital Weighing Scales. Devices are used to measure the weight or mass of an object.
12
Figure 11.
Pressure Sprayer. Used to water plants, apply plant care agents, or eradicate weeds.
Figure 12.
EGGPLANT PRODUCTION
Solanum melongena
Land Preparation
13
The total land area of 36.75m2 was cleared and plowed and the plot bed layout
1.2m x 24.5m was raised to 8 inches for the preparation of installing the plastic mulch.
Measuring the planting distance at 75cm x 75cm and holes were made afterward. Air-dry
cow manure was filled in the holes as basal fertilizer to increase soil fertility and nutrients
of the plants.
14
Plate 3. Installing plastic mulch.
15
Plate 6. Basal application of cow manure.
Varietal Selection
The students used a variety known as “CALIXTO F1” from the EAST-WEST
Seed Company Inc. This variety possesses high-yielding cluster-type eggplant. Early
maturing variety with excellent fruit quality.
16
Plate 8. Sowing eggplant seeds in the seedling tray.
Transplanting
After 3 weeks of germination, the seedlings were transplanted to the bed late in
the afternoon with a planting distance of 75cm x 75cm apart. Water was provided to
maintain good soil moisture and installation of a banana stem to protect the transplanted
plants from the sun to prevent transplant shock.
17
Plate 10. Installing banana stem on transplanted seedlings.
Fertilizer Application
The method used in the application of fertilizer was granular and drenching. In the
granular application 10 grams was applied, while in the drenching application, 1 can of
sardines equal to 16 liters of water were used. Complete, Urea, and Potash were used to
supply the nutrient needed by the plants.
18
Plate 12. Granular application of fertilizer.
Weeding was done by removing all the weeds that compete with the plant in
absorbing necessary nutrients for growth. While cultivation was done to maintain good
drainage, and allow air, nutrients, and water to get deeper into the ground where the plant
roots can access them.
19
Plate 14. Weeding the eggplant area.
Other Management
20
Plate 17. Covering the fruit with newspapers.
Plants are infested by fruit and shoot borer; the application of insecticides was
done to control the infestation.
21
Plate 19. Eggplant fruits were attacked by the borer.
Shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis). It is a major pest of eggplant. The
adult is a small moth, with a wingspan of 18-24 mm. Moths lay creamy white single eggs
on leaf undersides, stems, flower buds, or the base of fruits. Upon hatching the
caterpillars bore into the top section of fruits and tender shoots. Caterpillars develop
inside fruits and stems reaching a length of 15-18 mm. When fully grown, caterpillars
make a small hole in the fruit or shoot and drop to the soil and pupate among fallen
debris. When plants start bearing fruits, most caterpillars prefer to feed on tender fruits.
The damage to the shoots is not seen until they droop as a result of the caterpillar feeding
inside them.
22
Plate 21. Spraying of insecticides.
Harvesting
Seventy days after transplanting, the matured fruits were harvested. Harvesting
was done manually by using a scissor.
Financial Aspect
23
Table 2. Eggplant Financial Aspect Summary
ITEM AMOUNT
Total Production Cost 118.00
Gross Income 285.00
Net Income 167.00
Return On Investment 141.525%
LADYFINGER PRODUCTION
Abelmoschus esculentus
24
Land Preparation
Due to the limited area, the production of Ladyfinger was done in a potting
setting. Bagging of soil was done into a 73cm x 32cm x 26cm plastic pots and forty-two
pots in total were produced.
Varietal Selection
The students used a variety known as “SMOOTH GREEN” from the EAST-
WEST Seed Company Inc. This variety possesses with round smooth, slender and dark
green fruits.
25
Plate 24. Smooth Green seeds.
Seed Sowing
The seeds were directly sown in every pot, and two seeds were sown at a depth of 0.5” to
1”. The seeds were covered by pulverized soil.
Fertilizer Application
26
The method used in the application of fertilizer was granular and drenching. In the
granular application 10 grams was applied, while in the drenching application, 1 can of
sardines equal to 16 liters of water were used. Complete, Urea, and Potash were used to
supply the nutrient needed by the plants.
27
Weeding was done by removing all the weeds that compete with the plant in
absorbing necessary nutrients for growth. While cultivation was done to maintain good
drainage, and allow air, nutrients, and water to get deeper into the ground where the plant
roots can access them.
28
Plants are attacked by a red cotton stainer; the application of insecticides was
done to control the infestation.
Red Cotton Stainer (Dysdercus cingulatus) is a type of true bug that feeds on the
seeds of okra and cotton plants. These insects are small and range in color from light brown
to dark red. They have a distinct triangular shape and two pairs of wings, with the hind wings
being partially transparent.
The okra cotton stainer is a notorious pest in agricultural regions where okra and
cotton are grown. They feed on immature seeds, which leads to a reduction in yield. In
addition to their feeding behavior, the insects also inject a toxin into the plant that causes
damage. One interesting feature of the okra cotton stainer is its ability to emit a pungent odor
when disturbed. This odor acts as a defense mechanism against predators.
29
Plate 31. Okra fruits being attacked by Red Cotton Stainer.
Harvesting
30
Fifty-five days after planting, the matured fruits were harvested. Okra is harvested
when seed pods are 1 to 2 days old and 2 to 4 inches long. Harvesting was done manually
by using a scissor.
Financial Aspect
31
Vigna sesquipedalis x Vigna unguiculata
Land Preparation
The total land area of 35.25m2 was cleared and plowed Measuring the planting
distance at 30cm x 40cm and holes were made afterward. Complete fertilizer was filled in
the holes as basal fertilizer to increase soil fertility and nutrients of the plants.
Varietal Selection
32
The students used a variety known as “BRUTUS” from the RAMGO
International Corporation. This variety possesses very good pod setting ability and
excellent pod quality with brown seeds.
Seed Sowing
The seeds were directly sown, and two seeds were sown at a depth of 1” to 2”.
The seeds were covered by pulverized soil.
Fertilizer Application
33
The method used in the application of fertilizer was drenching. 1 can of sardines
equal to 16 liters of water was used. Complete, and Urea were used to supply the nutrient
needed by the plants.
Weeding was done by removing all the weeds that compete with the plant in
absorbing necessary nutrients for growth. While cultivation was done to maintain good
drainage and allow air, nutrients, and water to get deeper into the ground where the plant
roots can access them.
34
Bush Sitao are attacked by pests namely aphids, pod borers, leaf miners, and bean
fly; the application of insecticides was done to control the infestation.
Aphids (Aphis gossypii) aphids suck sap on stems, terminal shoots and petioles of
seedlings, and on pods and flowers of mature plants. - heavy attack can cause death of
young seedlings, stunting and delay in flowering of older plants.
35
Pod borer (Maruca vitrata) most important pod borer pest, causing severe
damage to cowpeas. - Moths usually lay eggs on flower buds, flowers, or on terminal
shoots of young plants. Young caterpillars may feed on any part of the flowers or foliage.
Upon reaching maturity the caterpillars drop from flowers or pods onto the soil and
pupate beneath the plant under leaf debris.
Beanfly (Ophiomyia phaseoli) very destructive during seedling stage of the plant
- adult is a minute jet black fly attacking the seedlings just after germination. The
maggots feed as miners working down the petiole into the stem (boring holes on the
leaves).
Leafminer (Liriomyza sp.) feeds on the green inner portion of the leaves leaving
white zigzag lines.
Harvesting
36
Pods are harvested 40-45 days after emergence. Harvesting was done at 2-3 days
intervals to prolong the productive life of the plants. Harvesting is done manually.
Harvest the pod by holding the stem end before twisting it free.
Problems Encountered
37
The second plot bed was attacked by a curl leaf virus. As a response, removing
and pulling out of the infected plant was done to prevent the spread of the said virus.
Financial Aspect
38
Table 4. Bush Sitao Financial Aspect Summary
ITEM AMOUNT
Total Production Cost 70.00
Gross Income 250.00
Net Income 180.00
Return On Investment 257.142%
APPENDICES
39
Appendix A
= 36.75m2 x 1 plant/hill
75cm x 75cm
= 36.75m2 x 1 plant/hill
.75m x .75m
= 36.75m2 x 1 plant/hill
0.5625m2
= 65.3333… x 1 plant/hill
= 65.3333… or 64 plants per 36.75m2
Appendix B
40
RETURN ON INVESTMENT
Eggplant Production
= Php167.00 x 100%
Php118.00
ROI = 141.525%
Appendix C
41
RETURN ON INVESTMENT
Ladyfinger Production
= Php123.00 x 100%
Php135.00
ROI = 91.111%
Appendix D
42
PLANT POPULATION OF BUSH SITAO
= 35.25m2 x 2 plant/hill
40cm x 30cm
= 35.25m2 x 2 plant/hill
.40m x .30m
= 35.25m2 x 2 plant/hill
0.12m2
= 293.75 x 2 plant/hill
= 587.5 plants per 35.25m2
Appendix E
43
RETURN ON INVESTMENT
Bush Sitao Production
= Php180.00 x 100%
Php70.00
ROI =257.142 %
Appendix F
44
FERTILIZER COMPUTATION
(Granular Application – complete, urea, and potash)
= 4.63kg of fertilizer
Appendix G
45
FERTILIZER COMPUTATION
(Drenching Application – complete, urea, and potash)
= 1.44kg of fertilizer
Appendix H
46
OVERALL FINANCIAL ASPECT
Commodity Total Gross Income Net Income ROI %
Production
Cost
Eggplant 118.00 285.00 167.00 141.525%
Ladyfinger 135.00 258.00 123.00 91.111%
Bush Sitao 70.00 250.00 180.00 142.142%
Grand Total 323.00 793.00 470.00 145.510%
CURRICULUM VITAE
47
Name: Antalan, Bigen A.
Address: Mabunga, Guihulngan City, Negros Oriental
Age: 24
Birthdate: October 16, 1998
Height: 5’1
Weight: 78kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
48
Name: Apolinario, April Joy S.
Address: Compound, Luz, Guihulngan City, Negros Oriental
Age: 22
Birthdate: April 05, 2001
Height: 5’0
Weight: 50kg
Religion: SDA
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
49
Name: Carciller, Liovern B.
Address: North Poblacion, La libertad, Negros Oriental
Age: 22
Birthdate: March 20, 2001
Height: 5’7
Weight: 70kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
50
Name: Casiple, John Iver V.
Address: Lucap, Mabigo, Canlaon City, Negros Oriental
Age: 21
Birthdate: August 21, 2001
Height: 5’5
Weight: 49kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
51
Name: Casipong, Mary Ann R.
Address: Plagatasanon, Guihulngan City, Negros Oriental
Age: 24
Birthdate: October 15, 1998
Height: 4’9
Weight: 50kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
52
Name: Endres, Jhon Clifford S.
Address: Awa-an, Ayungon, Negros Oriental
Age: 21
Birthdate: June 09, 2002
Height: 5’6
Weight: 47kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
53
Name: Grapa, Jo-an L.
Address: Hinoba-an, Plagatasanon, Guihulngan City, Negros Oriental
Age: 22
Birthdate: March 02, 2001
Height: 5’2
Weight: 34kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
54
Name: Hinoo, Andyson P.
Address: Magtuhao, Tayasan, Negros Oriental
Age: 23
Birthdate: May 05, 2000
Height: 5’3
Weight: 50kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
55
Name: Jeda, James P.
Address: Carmenville Subdivision, Guihulngan City, Negros Oriental
Age: 22
Birthdate: April 26, 2001
Height: 5’6
Weight: 64kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
56
Name: Lerado, Aizel A.
Address: Mabunga, Guihulngan City, Negros Oriental
Age: 22
Birthdate: September 4, 2000
Height: 4’9
Weight: 49kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
57
Name: Lisondra, Jesus L.
Address: Poblacion, Paterno St, Guihulngan City, Negros Oriental
Age: 22
Birthdate: July 01, 2000
Height: 5’4
Weight: 50kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
58
Name: Magos, Cheecky F.
Address: Mambaid, Jimalalud, Negros Oriental
Age: 21
Birthdate: December 18, 2001
Height: 5’6
Weight: 53kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
59
Name: Paracuelles, Edmar T.
Address: Cayawcao, Balogo, Guihulngan City, Negros Oriental
Age: 24
Birthdate: January 26, 1999
Height: 5’2
Weight: 62kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
60
Name: Pedro, Mary Joy H.
Address: Bago, Tayasan, Negros Oriental
Age: 22
Birthdate: April 12, 2001
Height: 5’0
Weight: 51kg
Religion: UCCP
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
61
Name: Silva, Romel E.
Address: Mambaid, Jimalalud, Negros Oriental
Age: 21
Birthdate: July 31, 2001
Height: 5’6
Weight: 80kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
62
Name: Tejares, Jamaicah T.
Address: T-Hill, Guihulngan, Negros Oriental
Age: 21
Birthdate: April 14, 2002
Height: 4’9
Weight: 48kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
CURRICULUM VITAE
63
Name: Tuanda, Jose Perfecto II E.
Address: Poblacion, Vallehermoso, Negros Oriental
Age: 21
Birthdate: March 23, 2002
Height: 5’7
Weight: 55kg
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Background
64
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background
65
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background
66