STD.ASTM FLIS9 REV A-ENGL 1599 MM 0759510 Ob48999 S15 mm ‘hn Amoscan Natoral Sara fly) Designation: F 1959-994 sgn sey fon esta wo aren wie esr no wae imalaton ee Sd EMSar yas Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under a Shower Spray While on a Mannequin’ “is suas ed wee fed desgaton F138 sunber mins fling e dein mews the ya ef cogil adoption ce he cas of revision the yet of is revision. A mmber in ptenars nici the yer of lt teappoval A sopercrp elon (6) Inienes a elon charge sae the lat eision oF espa, INTRODUCTION Personnel in industry and emergency response can be exposed to numerous chemicals capable of ‘causing harm upon contact with the human body. The deleterious effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma such as skin iritation and bum, to chronic degenerative disease such as cancer. ‘Since engineering controls cannot eliminate all possible exposures, attention is often placed on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the use of protective clothing. Protective clothing is available in a variety of constructions, configurations and materials, and is designed to provide various levels of protection against many hazards. Protective clothing offering the highest level of chemical protection is constructed to prevent any contact of solid, liquid, or gaseous chemicals with the wearer. Test Method F 1052 evaluates the integrity and construction ofthe vapor ‘Protective ensembles by way of an intemal pressure test. In some application, chemical protective ‘clothing need only isolate the wearer from splashes of liquids. Ths test method evaluates the integrity ‘of the construction and configuration of liquid-penetration-resistant protective clothing or protective ensembles with a shower-spray test. Resistance of materials used in protective clothing to chemical permeation should be evaluated by ‘Test Method F 739 for continuous contact and Test Method F 1383 for interminent contact (that is, splash), or by Test Method F 1407 using the permeation cup method. Resistance of protective clothing terials to liquid penetration should be determined by Test Method F 903. Physical properties of materials used in the construction of protective clothing can be determined using a variety of test methods including, Test Methods D751 for dimensions, weight, breaking strength, elongation, burst, tear resistance, and hydrostatic resistance; Test Method D 2582 for ‘Puncture propagation tear resistance; Test Method D 4157 for abrasion resistance; Test Method F 392 for flexural fatigue; Test Method F 1358 for flammability, as well as many others. 1, Scope Permeation of penetration can be determined in accordance 11 This test method measures the ability of protective clothing or protective ensembles to resist liquid penetration in the form of a shower spray with surfactant-treated water. 2 This test method measures the liquid penetration resis- tance of the construction and configuration of the overall protective clothing or protective ensemble, but especially of seams, closures, and interfaces with other components such as, loves, boots, hoods. and respiratory protective equipment. It is intended that this test method be used to assess the liguid Penetration resistance of protective clothing and protective ensembles as received from the manufacturer and worn in accordance with their instructions. 1.3 Resistance of materials used in protective clothing to "Tis te metod is under te jardin of ASTM Commitee 29 on Protective Coting and iste dict responsibilty of Subconmitee F230 on Eruemble Peformuace Curent elon approved June 10, 1998. PubISbed August 1999, Oily pubshed a: F1350~91. Cas previous eon F 1399-99. Copyright by the ASTM International ‘Thu Jan 22 10:34:36 2004 with Test Methods F'739 and F 903, respectively 1.4 The integrity of vapor protective ensembles is measured by its ability to maintain positive internal pressure with Test Method F 1052. 1.5 The values in St units or in other units shall be regarded separately a5 standard. The values stated in each sysiem must ‘oe used independently of the other, without combining values in any way. 16 This standard does not purport to address al of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilty ofthe user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Dility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2, Referenced Documents 21 ASTM Standards: D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics * annual Book of ATH Standards, Vl 0922,STD-ASTM FLAS9 REV A-ENGL 19995 MM 0759530 OL49000 935 mm ® Faso 1D 2582 Test Method for Puncture-Propagation Tear Resis- tance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting? 4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cytinder Method)! F392. Test Method for Flex Durability of Flexible Barrer Materials? F739 Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing Materials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Conditions of Continuous Contact* F903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids® F 1052 Practice for Pressure Testing of Gas-Tight Totally Encapsulating Chemical Protective Suits® F 1358 Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement on Materials Used in Protective Clothing Not Designated Primarily for Flame Resistance® F 1383 Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing Materials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Conditions of Intermittent Contaci® F 1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to Liquid Permeation—Permeation ‘Cup Method® 3. Terminology 3 Definitions: 3.161 liquid splash protective clothing, n—protective cloth- ing used to protect the wearer from liquid splashes of chemi- cals, 3.1.2 liquid splash protective ensemble, n—protective en- semble used to protect the wearer from liquid splashes of chemicals. 3.1.3 penetration, n—for chemical-resistant clothing, in @ protective clothing material or item, the process by which & solid, liquid, or gas moves through closures, seams, interstices, and pinholes or other imperfections on a non-molecalar level. 3.14 permeation, n—the process by which a chemical ‘moves through a protective clothing material on a molecular level. 3.1.4.1 Discussion—Permeation involves the following: (1) sorption of molecules of the chemical into the contacted (challenge side) surface of the material, (2) diffusion of the sotbed molecules in the material, and (3) desorption of the ‘molecules from the opposite (collection side) surface of the ‘material. 3.15 protective clothing, n—apparel used forthe purpose of isolating pans of the body from contact with a potential hazard. 3.1.6 protective ensemble, n—the combination of protective clothing with respiratory protective equipment, hoods, helmets, gloves, boots, communication systems, cooling devices, and other accessories intended to protect the wearer from a potential hazard when wom together. 3.1.6.1 Discussion—For evaluating liquid penetationresis- tance, the protective ensemble includes only those clothing Annus Book of ASTH Siandards, Vol 08.02. Anmal Book of ASTM Standards. Vol 0702 annul Book ef ASTM Standards, Vol 1308. "Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03. Copyright by the ASTM international ‘Thu Jan 22 40:31:47 2004 items or accessories which are necessary to provide resistance to liquid penetration 3.17 vapor protective ensemble, n—a chemical protective ensemble used to protect the wearer from chemical liquids, ‘vapors, and gases. 4. Summary of Test Method 4.1 A test specimen (protective clothing or protective en- semble) is placed on a mannequin that is already dressed in a liquid-sbsorptive garment covering portions of the mannequin form that are of interest. 4.2 Water, treated to achieve a surface tension of 0.032 + 0.002 N/m (32 = 2 dynesiem) is sprayed at the test specimen from five nozzles positioned in a specific configu- ration with respect to the specimen. The specimen is exposed to the liquid spray for a period of 15 min in each of four specimen orientations. 4.3 Liquid penetration resistance is determined by the ab- sence of liquid inside the specimen or on the inner liquid- absorptive garment. 4.4 The test specimen is rated as passing if liquid does not penetrate and as failing if liquid does penetrate. 5. Significance and Use 5.1. This test method evaluates the ability ofthe construction ‘and configuration of protective clothing or protective en- sembles to resist liquid penetration. In most cases, the condi- tions used in this test method will not represent actual end-use ‘conditions. 5.2 The one-hour duration of the test is not intended to simulate user exposure to splashes of liquid chemical but rather to provide sufficient time for enough liquid to penetrate to make visual detection easier. 5.3 A nontoxic, non-foaming surfactant is added to water for this test method to simulate liquids of lower surface tensions. Liquids of specific interest can be simulated by treating water to achieve an equivalent surface tension. 5.4 For protective clothing with water-repellent surfaces, the lower surface tension liquid will aid in the evaluation ofthe construction and configuration of the garment because itis not repelled but wets the protective clothing. This is especially useful for reusable garments whose water-repellent surface interferes with the evaluation of their construction and con- figuration when new, but is diminished after wearing and washing. ‘5.5 Fluorescent or colored dyes may be added to the water to enhance detection of liquid penetration into the protective clothing or protective ensemble. 5.6 This test method can be used by both manufecturers and ‘end users to assess liquid penetration resistance. Manufacturers ‘etn use this test method to evaluate quality of construction and effectiveness of clothing and ensemble configurations. 5.7 The clothing or ensemble shall be sized to fit the ‘mannequin. I is important thatthe clothing ft the mannequin well since detection of liquid penetration requires as much ‘contact as possible between the clothing or ensemble and the inner liquid-absorptive garment. 5.8 Results on a mismatched size of clothing or ensemble shall not be used to generalize about a particular construction,STD-ASTM FL3S9 REV A-ENGL 2999 MM 0759510 OL4S001 57] me ® F 1959 svononet oe TOME Sumer ‘or configuration. Mannequin fit potentially affects liquid pen- etration resistance determinations, 5.9 There is no known limit to the kind of protective clothing or protective ensembles that can be evaluated with this test method. 5.10 In some cases protective clothing or protective en- sembles that show no liquid penetration during this test method ‘ill sill fil to protect wearers against specific chemicals due to the material degradation, penetration, or permeation or the toxicity associated with the vapor of liquid chemicals. 5.11 In some cases protective clothing or protective en- sembles that show no liguid penetration during this test method will sil fil to protect wearers in specific circumstances as, for ‘example, deluge or immersion, 6. Apparatus 6.1 Human-Form Mannequin, an appropriately sized human-form mannequin shall be selected for testing the protective clothing or protective ensemble, The selected man- nequin should provide as much contact with the protective clothing or protective ensemble as possible. The mannequin shall have a water-resistant coating. The mannequin shall have straight arms and legs with the arms at the mannequin’s sides. 62 Liguid-Absorprive Imer Garment—An inner garment shall cover all areas ofthe mannequin that are of interest as an sid to observe liquid penetration. The inner garment shall be. constructed of fabrie that is finish free and that is easily watermarked, Select an inner garment that contacts the test garment as closely as possible. Users of this test method may also use more sophisticsted equipment for detecting liquid penetration, ‘63 Shower System—The shower system shall consist of five low-flow shower head nozzles, and a pressurized liquid supply. The five nozzles shall be oriented with respect to the. ‘mannequin as specified in Fig. 1, The nozzles shall conform to the specifications given in Fig. 2.’ The pressurized liquid "Type ASSWIC norset mest his equremen,Avaabe from When Prod ves the, West Hetord, CT 6107 ‘FRONT ViEW AG. 1 Positions of Shower Nozztss, Copyright by the ASTM International ‘Thu Jan 22 40:34:47 2004 Nore—All dimensions ae in inches (1 {n. = 25.4 ma). iG. 2 Shower Nozzle Specifications supply shall be delivered at 3.0 = 0.2 Limin (48 + 3 gam) through each nozzle. 64 Stopwatch, or other appropriate timing device. 17, Precautions 7.1 Conduct the test method in an area designed to collect liquid runoff, 7.2 Keep unprotected observers from being exposed to the test liquid 7.3 After testing, and before retuming the specimen to service or storage, ensure the following: 7.3.1 The specimen is dry, 113.2 The specimen is clean, and 73.3 Al pars are positioned correctly and secured tightly 8. Specimen Preparation 8.1 Protective clothing or protective ensemble components, shall be tested as received and in accordance with the manu: facturet’s instructions. Duct tape or other nonuniform methods for closing or sealing, or both, interfaces shall not be used. 8.2 Paris of the protective clothing or protective ensembie that are not to be tested shall be suitably blocked off to prevent liquid from penetrating those areas. For example, inthe case of ensembles without gloves, block off the outer end of the Sleeves with waterproof tape or some other sealant to prevent liquid penetration at the hands.STD.ASTM F359 REV A-ENGL 2599 M™ 0759510 Ob49002 708 om @ F 1359 9. Procedure 9.1 Prior to each test, inspect the liquid-absorptive inner ‘garment and protective clothing or protective ensemble (and ‘ther ensemble components and equipment to be tested) for total dryness before using. 9.2 Put the liquid-absorptive inner garment on the manne ‘quin, The inner garment shall cover all areas of the mannequin ‘that ae of interest. 9.3 Put the protective clothing or protective ensemble to be tested over the inner garment on the mannequin in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Place and attach addi- tional ensemble components and equipment on the mannequin in accordance with the manufacturer's directions. 9.4 Block off from exposure to the liquid spray any areas of the mannequin or protective clothing or protective ensemble ‘not being evaluated. For example, tie or tape a plastic bag over the mannequin’s head, Ties or tape, ot both, shall not extend ‘more than 2.5 cm (1 in.) past the edge ofthe protective clothing, ‘or protective ensemble. 9.5 Add a sufficient amount of @ nontoxic, non-foaming surfactant to the water supply to achieve a surface tension of 0.032 = 0.002 Nim (32 + 2 dynes/em)* 9.6 Expose the suited mannequin to the liquid spray for 2 period of 60 min, 15 min in each of four orientations shown in Fig. 3. Spray liquid at the rate of 3.0 + 0.2 Limin (48 + 3 galt) through each nozzle simultaneously. Ensure that each ‘rozze is not party plugged or closed atthe start of each test. 9.7 At the end of the liquid spray period, remove excess liquid from the surface of the test garment. Paper toweling is fone method that works well 9.8 Inspect the protective clothing or protective ensemble ‘within 10 min ofthe end ofthe liquid spray period for evidence of liguid penetration, Determine liquid penetration by one of the following procedures: 9.8.1 Remove the protective clothing or protective en- semble in a dey area and any other ensemble components or equipment from the mannequin and examine the inner gar- * 01 weight % slaion of Scot 104H with war give a sutceseesion ot aprencnily 33.8 dyesem. Avable from Als Product and Chemis ne. Parternaee Coeical, Box 534, Alestown, FA 18103. ‘TOP VIEW ‘sure mannecune ROTATED THROUGH EACH OF ‘sPOanONS A womgygepon [Nore—Mannequia torso shall be oriented wit the shoulder parallel to the indicated orientation. FIG. 3 Oriantation of Sulted Mannequin Exposure Copyright by the ASTM international Thu Jan 22 40:34:47 2006 ‘ment, garment liners, end garment interior for signs of wetness. Record these areas as locations of wetness, 9.8.2 Ifa dye is added to the liquid, remove the protective clothing or protective ensemble and any other ensemble ‘components of equipment from the mannequin, and examine the inner garment, garment liners, and garment interior forthe appearance of any dye-colored areas. Record these areas as locations of wetness. 9.83 Ifa fluorescent dye is added tothe liquid, examine the {nner garment, garment liners, and garment interior under ultraviolet lighting in a dark room for fluorescing areas. Record these areas as locations of wetness. 9.9 Record any protective clothing or protective ensemble as passing if no areas of wetness are observed. If there are areas cof wetness, record the protective clothing or protective en- semble as failing. Describe the probable reason for each failure. 10. Report 10.1 State that the protective clothing or protective en- semble was tesied in accordance with Test Method F 1359, 10.2 Report the following information. 10.2.1 Description ofthe Protecive Clothing or Protective Ensemble—Inchude unique identification number, identifying ‘brand name, manufacturer, date of purchase, date of manutac- ture if available, size, materials of construction, and unique clothing features, for example, special fittings to accommodate respiratory equipment 10.2.2 Description of Ensemble Components (if applicable)—Include the type of item, unique identification number, identifying brand name, date of purchase, date of ‘manufacture if available, size, materials of construction, and ‘method of attachment. 10.2.3 Description of the Area Tested—Any area of the protective clothing or protective ensemble blocked off from exposure to the Tiquid spray and the reason that the particular area was not tested. 10.2.4 Liquid Test Agent Used —Identify the type of surfac- tant, brand name, identification number, concentration, and surface tension of the liquid test agent. 10.25 Determination Technique—Describe the procedure for determining liquid penetration. 10.2.6 Test Result—Report the test result as pass or fail. IF the protective clothing or protective ensemble fails, include information on the location of the failure and probable reasons for each failure 11, Precision and Blas |1.1 No statement is made about either the precision or bias of Test Method F 1359 for measuring liquid penetration resistance since the result merely states whether there is ‘conformance to the criteria for success specified in the proce- due. 12, Keywords 12.1 liguid penetration resistance; liquid splash protective clothing; liquid splash protective ensembles; protective eloth- ing; protective ensemble; shower spray testSTD-ASTM FL359 REV A-ENGL 2999 MH 0759510 OG4S003 644 mm @ F 1359 ryan acy Tsing and Mate Wk no poston respecte vy any ptr os ssoned nenncten SEAN ium mentored nthe stardardUso of ia unr ar xpos Wea Bu Socio oe ee ee Patan roa, and rk of tinue cn igh ae aay Tee Sor om Copyright by the ASTM International ‘Thu Jam 22 10:31:47 2004