-

IJARARE POLIYTECH N IC
i

CIVIL ENG I N EERI NG DEPARTM ENT

I i

NATIONAL DIPLOMA

IN

SURVEYING / CIVIL ENGINEERING/URBAN PLANNING

ruu"lrr*'*otu* ir*B-
I :QUIREMENTS

1. ANSWER SHEETS.
2. ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR,

] STRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:

Arrswer a.ny 5 questions

i

I Sno* att working il

i
i,
ti
. You are advised to write LEGIBLY .
ll
li

ii
ii
li
rl

,i JlSLlgNJ it
i

(a) Define the term Chainage . 12)

(b)With the aid of diagrams , show the basic structure of:
(i) A Compound Circular Curve[6]
(ii) A Reverse Circular curve[6] I

(c) curves are normally described or defined in two waysr Name them [3]
(d) What do you understand bythe expression curve setting out.[3]

[20 MARKSI

l.

Padt
 !

a sroN 2

a)With the aid of a diagram, describe low setting out of a circular curve l5

done by the method offsets from thellong chord.[15]

b) List /State the instrumelrtation needed for setting out a circular curve
using the method of:
'(ii Oeflection Angles/ Tangential angels method. [3]
(ii) Offsets from the tangent length. [2]

[20 MARKS]

e :STION 3

T faad eve lopment project. A

centre line of road is to be set out as part:oofi
C ular curve of radius 350 m; deflecting righttt.th:hrrot
3Ul gn 32" 40'00" is to be
rgh
rrporated within its length. The chainarg9 arttPr inttof
Po:in :of intersection is 2 89C.35
I

ir
)repare and tabulate all setting out daLtd u:sir 2Alm chords.[20]
I

n 1gi2t
;inp
I

t22olM AR sl
RKKS
I

I
I

-STION 4
I

,a) Define a transition curve ahd explain'the importance of such a curve in

road design. [10]
{b-) Determine the area in Ha enclosed by the line of a closed traverse
survey M1-, M2, M3, M4,M5, from the following data: ri

Station x(m) Y(m)

M1 200.00 300.o0

N12 306.90 385.60

M3 368.00 282.O0

M4 392.92 248.85

M5 295;75 185.s0

[10]

[20 MARKS]

ii :r ,- ,:
 q , STION5
i

Tl :entre line of trvo straights'is projected {orward Io meet at point of

in : section(P.l) .The direction of the.first striaight (Bc -P.l) is 182000'00'l and
th t of the second straight(Ec- P.l) is 32.000'00".If the straights are to be
cc rected by a circular curve of radius 200m ;Tabulate all setting out data
ur I20 m chords on a thru chainage basis. Chainage @P.l = 2 000.15 m t20l
t2o MARKSI

, q sTloN 6

:) During transition curve designs , Centrifugal Ratio(C.R) is calculated as

follows:

C.R +. P/W = __W

Rg
Where V- design Speed .
R- minimum safe radius
G - Gravity acceleration.
Derive a mathematical expression for P/W wh V is in Km/hr
t2l

.)
b)With the aid of diagrams, describe the structure and fu ctioning of a

rlanimgter [1-2]
t
c) A triangle has sides A=12m, B=13m and C=17m.Calcu e the enclosed
area in Ha. [6]

[20 MARKS]

3 'aiIrl
 !

NATIO\Il!.i. DIPLOMA

StJv Ey t N G AN D G EO M AT t CS/U RBAN AN D

IN

R EG t O N AL P LAN N t N G /CtV t L E N G tN EE Rt N G
:l
SUBJECT: ENGINEERING SURVEY II TIME:3 HOURS

EXAMINATION: MID YEAR TEST 2012

Re.lgi!]ments

Scier ir ific calculaiur

lNSlBUgrL_o_Nl

Answer all questions All question carry equal marks. I

I
QUESrlSll l
a.) Describe fully the meaning of ground swrnri as applied to EDM. (6)

b.) Although there is a wide variety ol an ED[V. instrument available, only two methods are
employed. Name and describe thes; two (s)

c,) Write short notes on the following:

.
t. Scale error
ii. Cyclic error
rgl
iir. Zero error
af n inAI:. al

QUESTION 2
Zeni'th an3les observed from a survey station "R" tothree trig beacons are recoroed belc'w:
i L|NE . ZENITH ANGLE OBJECT HEIGHT o. -I
SIGNAL I

: R tc 7tilT 0.9m
',

il ro 13/1 TC\J : il.9nt

269'02',22"
j n to +a7r 89o01'45" 270'58',15" (set1) TOP
l

t__,___ _
89o01'52" 270'58'06" (set:l)

DISIAj:GE! REDUCED LIV-EIS ADDITIONAL

ijrom R lo 76tf =4465.8m 76lT = 1517.200(T.O.P) INFORMATION
13/T =4846.5m t3lT = 1293.051{T.O.P) Radius of earth =5361km
4,411'=+Yio.)'-tr, 44 lT = 14511.272(T.O.\/'! Instrument height= 1.50m
Coeff icienr of ref raction
=0.12

Niean attitude of area=1500m

T O.V =Top Of Valve
 !

i.O.P= Top Of Pillar

Determine the mean elevation of ,,R,,
(20)
[20 nrarks]

ru.Eq,lar\ 3
Defornration Surveys were carried out on a block of high rise flats
to check for subsistence . The
beacons A and B were set up on solid foundations, s.rme distance
awayfrom the building.A target c
was set up on the building near the top and a series
of angles were measured. The same angles were
;reasurerl at the end of 3 months and again at the end
of 6 months .calculate the extent of any
;e rti'ca I a n d horizonta I d is place ments betweerr
the Survey_s
HJ,,lontai disrance AB =258, 756m
lnitial 3 n,onths later 6 months later
Horizontalangle BAC 55016t45,, 550161i501 55016153,,
Hrrrizorital artgle ABC 660 39, 22ri 039 ,21,, ,20i,
66 560 39
,li'nith ar,"gle A to C l2o4'Lt36tt l2o 4LtS1t, 7Zo 4Li57t,
lnstrument height at A 0,295m 0,2g5m U,2g4
(:20 marks)

qu!.5r!-aN3
:
i100m length of earthwork volume for a propored roa,l has a constant cross section of cut and fill
'in which the cut area equals the fill area .The level forrration is 30m wide , transverse ground slope
is 20c and the side slope in cut and fill are %hor,zonlalio
l verticaland t horizontalto l,vertical
reslrectively. Calculate the volume of excavatiorr.
(20 marksi

QIJESTION 5
:) r';ghi hanc ci:'cLrler cr,rrve of 'j00r-n r'..,:Jius;.: to be set:o
'1.
connect rv.,o stta;ght pc - pl .lnd pl
EC with directions 136051'00" AND 161009r00r'
respectively. The through chainage of irl is
' L2+'#ot and pegs are to be placed along the curve at through chainages of 20m.i-abulate
thE data required to set out the curve from BC using
the deflection angles meth,d. 112
marks)
--.-.
,' b) ? A horizontal circular curve of 1200m radius has been pegged out to connect two r..:ad
"> " straights having an angle of intersection -L0o36r anu arai,ia'ge at BC is 22+6g,1,6m.onfurtlrer
examination of the topography, the "design authority"
decided to increase the rarJius of lhe
curve to 2000rir' calculate the chainages for the
new BC an,J EC of the curve. (g ma,.ksi
(20 rnerks)

"...success is inherent, if you work hard and if you

work as a team......it,s not about me, but the team
'''"""""'l am not the best player unless l play for the best team , so all credit goes to my
team
..............."Ricard lzecson dos Santos Leite a.k.a
Kat<a.

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ZIMBABlVE

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
(HExco)

NATIONAL DIPLOMA
IN
SURVEYING AND GEOMATICS

SUBJECT: Engineering Surveying PAPER NO: 573/So7

NOVEMBER/ DECEMBER 20 LO EXAMTNATTON

REQUIREMENTS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
1. Answer ALL questions.

2. All questions carry equal marks.

This paper conslsts of 3 printed pages.

MS/2O1O
 !

PAPER NO: 573/S07 - ENGINEERING SURVEYING

OUESTION 1

List the stages carried out in deformation surveys of a large arc dam wall
in a remote mountaneous area. (20 marks)

QUESTION 2

Given the following embarkment Fig. 2 caiculate

a) Its volume using tbe trapezoidal fomula. (8 marks)

b) Prismodal formula. (8 marks)
c) The prismodal correction. (4 marks)

\$
Fig 2. u
\./)-($f
|

Width of embarkment = LOm

Side slopes 1 in 2
The centre height taken at SOm chainage are given below.

Chainage Height (m)

0 2.5
30 3.0
60 3.5
90 4.O
120 3.75
150 2.75 (20 marks)
2
 !
PAPER NO: 573/S07 - ENGINEERING SURVEyING

QUESTION 3

Adjust using the method of equal shift, using Fig. 3

a) 29.20.35
b) 36.08.15
c) 30.42.36
d) 24.15.55
e) 29.r4.54
f) 30.t7.42
s) 1 14.31. 16
h) t25.O1.26
i) 120.29.15
(20 marks)

Fig. 3

OUESTION 4

How would you carryout a deformation survey of a tall building in the

centre of Harare. (2b marks)

,.. /vrm
3
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(Eflffi}*Cffi!

NTAT'ESNAr" tsXPLffiWfiA

flhI

SI'R,VEYNSG AND GEORfiATTCS

SIIBJECT; trmgin,eering €ur.veyiaag E AFER NG; 5?3/SCI?

ffi'ffi%flffiHWffiffiffi ffi.ffi R R ffiffieffiffiffieffi-HffiF€

KEQUSR.EFdtsF{?$

[E$STH,E3CT'3GNS Tffi CA}'SDTSATffi

Answer AtL questSons

i I

Tlzis pap,er eonsris,ts o;f S Xtrinted p.ages"

 I

OUEST]CN i
-(a) Derive the forr:ruia of calculating the effects of atmospheric
curvatur-e (B marks)

(b) Frorn the data given below, calculate the height difference bet"uveen
station A and. the points p and e. The height of instrument at A is
1.55Cm.

@ A ZenithL $ignal height

P (L) e2.14.20
(R)267.45.00 1.30m

a (L) 88,47.40 7

(R) 271.t2.26 L.7 3m

Data

AP distance = 2758.35m
AQ distance = 339147m
Mean radius cf earth = 6861.1km
Mean altitude of area = 1 800.0m
Coefficient of refraction = 0.12
(17 marks)

,'

{ 1',

't
 T

QUESTIC}J 2

{a) A reverse curre consi.sts of ? arcs of equal radii curring in opposite

dlrections with the two centres opposiie each other. ag anci bp
are tr,vo roads , ii has been decided to join them by a reverse curve
. of equal radii frorn poini H on track AB to join J on track as shown
in Fig 1.
Fig B

Given EG = 91.440m
Angle BEF = 70.28.00
Angle CGp = 52.24.AO

Calculate the required common radius. (4 marks)

(b) The deflection Angle between two straight li.nes is measured" as

14.28.26. The straight lines are to be joined by a composite
horizonlal curve consisling of a cii cuiar curye is 600m. If the
chainage of PI is 461.34m and rate'of racliai acceieration is taken
as O.3ms-2. Calculate

(i) iength of.transmition curve (2 marks)

(ii) shlft , 12 marks)
(ili) tangent length (2 marks)
(i") length of circular cun/e {2 marks)
(") the chainage at the beginning ofthe transitional curve.
(2 marks)
(c) .De{ine the following terms:-
ti) sltper elevatioa (2 marks)
(ii) Chainage (2 marks)

(.r) G.ive any tr,vo uses of curves in highi,vay clesign. (2 marKs)

 !

OUESTJCI+ 3

In a tria:rgulation sclreme the foilowing angles of-a centred

observed' Adjust the aregles by the *JnoJ of equai triangles
shift on Fig 2.

trio C

Angle Observed Value

1
26.10.48
o
27.37.t6
35.46.10
+ 32,57.52
28.23.t2
5 29.A437
7
.t
125.L7.59
8 111,15.52
7',22.32,02
(20 marks)

.t4
 I

PAPER itlO: 573/S07 - ENGINEEFJIIIG SUF.VEYIN='G

{ QUESTION 4

The fol1c-wing are observations made from a nelr,/ly fured trigonometrical

beacon BM inorder to determine its height. I

@BM CL CR OBJECT
A 88.45,34 271.13.58
B 90.00.10 269.59.34 T.O.V
E 90.00.42 270.00.1 1 T.O.P

Height B E

7 57O.Z}rn 1 481.26lr, 1 481.04m

i4. 185.38m 5 275.67m 4 350.92mi

Distance from BVI

Other data

F{eight of instrument = 1.5m

Mean height of area =1 500m
K value =0,13
Radir-rs of earth =6 370km

(a) Find the mear. height of BM (15 marks)

(b) Find the r,veighted mean height of BM (5 marks)

(20 marks)

QUESTIO_N 5
(a) Explain futly the terrn "ground swing" as it appiies to EDM
equipment in distance measurement. (4 marks)

Fully describe how an EDM is stanCardised to obtain its scale

factor correction and the zero error constants. (L2 marks)

Explain the rneasuring metlrods employed by PDIVI instrutments.

i4 marks)

lcn,

-
 !
G d=-.^^ )^n"f{^-., 2,oltl-

ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF' HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
(HExco)

NATIONAL DIPLOMA
m{

SURVEYING, CIVIL ENGINEERING AND URBAN AND REGIONAL

PLANNING

SUBJECT: Engineering Survey T PAPER NO: 573/SO7

MARCH/APRTL 20 7 2 EXAMTNATTON

REQUIREMENTS

1. Non-programmable calculator.
2. Answer booklet

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
1. Answer ANY FM (5) questions.

2. All questions carry equal marks.

3. Start every question on a new page.

This paper co.nsists of 3 printed pdges.

 _---------_-_--

RVEY A
OUESTION 1

The deflection angle between two straights is measured as 14" 2g,26".

The straights are_to be joined by a composite horizontalcurve consisting
of a central circular arc and two transition curves of equal length.

The design speed of the road is 85 kph and the radius of the circular
curve is 600m. If through chainage of the intersection point is 461.34m
di'aw up the setting out table for the three curves at exact 20 m multiples
of through chainage using the tangential angles method. The rate of
change of radial acceleration should be taken as 0.3 m/s. carry all the
necessary checks.
eO marks)

QUESTION 2

zenit]:. angles observed from a survey station R to 3 trig beacons are

recorded below:

Line Zentth Object Heieht of

Anele Sienal.

CL CR

R to 76lT 88 09 59 27t 50 09 (Set 1) T.O.V O.9m

88 10 04 277 50 10 (Set 2)
R to 13/T e0 57 38 269 02 16 (Set 1) T.0.V 0.9m
9A 57 40 269 02 22 (Set 2)

R to 44lT 89 01 45 270 58 15 (Set 1) T.O.P 0.8m

8e 01 s2 27o 58 06 (Set 1)

Distance Reduced leve1 (MSL)

From R to 76lT = 4465.8m 76lr = L5L7.200 (T.O.P)

lSlT = 4846,5m t3/T = 1293.051 (T.O.P)
44/T = 4956.2m 44/r = 1459.272 (T.o.P)

Radius of earth = 6361 km T.O.V = Top of valve.

Instrument height = 1.50m T.O.P = Top of pil1ar.
Coefficient of refraction = 0.12
Mearr attitude of area = 1 50Om

Calcuiate the mean elevation of 'R', (20 marks)

2
 -
PAPER No: 573/gO7 - ENGINEERING SURVEy T
ouESTloN 3
a) Describe the weir method of discharge measurement. (5 marks)

b) &<plain in detail the following:

i) Crest weirs (5 marks)

ii) Shape of opening (5 marks)
ili) End contractions (5 marks)

OUESTiON 4

a) Explain in detail what is involved in the planning stage when

undertaking a deformation survey. (5 marks)

b) Discuss on any computation methods in deformation survey"

(8 marks)

Outline in fu1l the general procedure of precise levelling.

(7 marks)

OUtrSTION 5

c) Outline the process of EDM calibration.

b) State the fundamental aim of the process and briefly describe the
precautions and checks.

c) Discuss briefly the EDM errors. (20 marks)

OUtrSTION 6

WithLhe aid of a well labeiled diagram briefly discuss the properties of a

mass haul diagram. t2A marks)

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ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATTON

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
(HExco)

NATIONAL DIPLOMA
IN
CTVIL ENGINEERING / SURVEYING AND GEOMATICS AND URBAN
AND REGIONAL PLANNING

SUBJECT: Engineering Surveying II PAPER NO: 573/SO7

oCToBER/NOVEMBER 2OL2 EXAMTNATTON

REQUIREMENTS
Scientific calculator

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
1. Answer any five questions.
o A1l questions carry equal marks.

This paper consists of 4 printed pages.

 -I
PAPER NO: 573/S07 - ENGINEERING SURVEYING 1I

OUESTION i
a) Explain the following errors as used in Electromagnetic Magnetic
Distance Measurement

i) Proportional error (2 marks)

ii) Zero error {2 marks)
iii) Cyclic error (2 marks)

b) Describe in fuli how a microwave instrument operates

(4 marks)

c) Outline the advantages of using EDMS as compared to a tape

measule. (10 marks)

OUESTION 2

The reduced level at the intersection of a rising gradient of l,soh and a

falling gradient of 1,07o on a proposed road is 93,60m AoD. Given that K
value for this particular road is 55. The through chainage of the
intersection point is 671,34m and the vertical curve is to have equal
tangent lengths.

Calculate:

a) The through chainages of the tangent point of the vertical curve if

the minimum required length is to be used. (6 marks)

b) The reduced leve1s of the tangent points and the reduced levels at
exact 20m multiples of through chainage along the curve.
(12 marks)

c) The position and leve1 of the highest point on the curve.

(2 marks)

OUESTION 3

Several rnethods are empioyed to carry deformation and deflection

surveys for high - rising in city centres. Link the following types of
surveying to their contribution in deformation survey for a building at the
heart of the city - centre:

a) Traversing (7 marks)

b) Triangulation (7 marks)

c) Levelling (6 marks)

2
 !
PAPER NO: 573/S07 - trNGINEERING SURVtrYING II

a!Eflraxl
A surveyor resected a point Tt and caiculated the coordinates as
+1143,73; 1975 353 ,44 on the Gauss conformal projection. He also
decided to take vertical angles onto four trig beacons so as to determine
the height of Tr by trig leveiling. The coordinates of the four trig beacons
are given below as well as their respective heights above mean sea level.
From the observed vertical angles and relevant data given beiow calculate
the weighted mean reduced level of Tt.

Station v(m) x Heieht (ml

7281r +L 343,92 +1 973 016, 81 t 52t, 70 (T.O.P)
137 lT -7 326. 15 +L 975 161, 98 t 493.43 fTOP)
20917 +6 205, 04 +l 976 699,95 r 478,90 {TOP)
173/S +4 939,24 +1 975 445,54 I s03, 30 (TOP)

Line Vertical Angle Height of signal

Tt - 12817 +1' 55' 24" (set 1) o,92m
+1" 53' 28" (set 2)

Tt - 137 lT +1" 09' 02" (set 1) o,92m

+1" 09' 04" (set 2)

Tr - 2O9lT +O' 21' 53"(set 1) O,92rn

+O" 21' 53" (set 2)

Tr - 173i S +0' 53' 27" (set 1) o,B3m

+0' 53' 3O" (set 2)
i
1

OLher data:

Radius of earlh = 6361, lkm

Coefficient of refraction = 0,lL
Mean altitude = 1500m
Height of instrument = 1,51m (20 marks)

QUESTION 5

A 10Om length of earth work volume for a proposed road has a constant
cross-section of cut area equals the fill area. The level formation is 3Om
wide, traverse ground slope is 20' and the side slopes in cut and fill are
rh horizontal to 1 vertical respectively, calculate the volume of excavation
in the whole length. (20 marks)

3
 !

OUESTION 6

a) Describe any two sounding methods you are familiar with.

(10 marks)
;

b) A new levelling system is to be adopted for a certain nation. you

have been tasked to do tidal measurements to come up with the
mean sea 1eve1 which will be used as a reference datum. Describe
the procedure you wiil follow to carry out this task.

..lpm
 -
Cte aot+

ZIMBABWE

MINtrSTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
(HExco)

NATIONAL DIPLOMA
IN

CTVIL ENGINEERING/SURYEYING AND GEOMATICS AND URBAN

AND REGIONAL PLANNING

SUBJECT:EngineeringSurveyingIIPAPERNo:5731So7

utancH/APRTL 2O1 3 EXAMTNATTON

REQUIREMEIiITS

1. Scientific calculator
2, Programmable calculators may be used but all
memory should be cleared'

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
Answer anY five questions

fnis poper consists of 3 printed pdges'

 !

PAPER NO: 5731S07 - ENGiNEERING SURVEyIJT{G II

OUESTION 1

(a) Explain the need for reciprocal 1evel1ing in trigonometrical levelling.

(7 marks)

(b) It was required to find the difference in elevation betweentwo

points A and B using reciprocal method. The height of instruments
at A and B was 1,600m and 1,500m respectively. The horizontal
distance AB was 5 480m. The observed angle of depression at A
was 2018'15" and the observed angle of elevation at B was 2o22'L9".
Determine the difference in elevation A to B and compute the
elevation of B if that of A is 1671,00m.

Take radius of earth to be 6371km and coefficient of refraction as

O, 07. (13 marks)

OUBS'IION 2

(a) With the aid of a well labelled diagram outline the properties of an
Electro-magnetic wave in electromagnetic Distance measurement.
{12 marks}
(b) Describe the process of wave modulation. (8 marks)

QUESTION 3

(a) Discuss the essentiai requirements in deformation survey.

(9 marks)

(b) Explain how the monitoring for deformation of a dam wall can be
carried out. Include ali stages. (11marks)

outrsTroN 4
(a) Define the following:-
(i) longitudinal section (2 marks)
(ii) cross section (2 marks)

(b) At a certain station an embarkment formed on level ground at a

certain station has a height at its centre line of 3,10m, breath of
formation is 12,5m. Determine:-
(i) the side width (4 marks)

(ii) CSA given that the si.de slope is 1 in 25. (4 marks)

(c) Calculate the side width and cross-sectional area of embarkment

for road width formation width 12,Srn, sideslopes 1 in 2, height
3,10m, existing ground has a cross fill of I tn 12. (8 rnarks)

2
 '-

EAPER NO: 573/S07 - ENGINEERING SURVEYING II

OUESTION 5

(a) Write brief notes on sounding in hydrographic surveying.

(8 marks)

(b) Describe how a float-gauge operates. (4 marks)

(c) Define a weir and state the shape in which they are constructed.
(B marks)

QUESTION 6

The centre iine of tu,o straights in projected forward, to meet PI, the
deflection angle being 300. if straights are to be connected by a circular
-i00m,
curve rad.ius tabulate all setting out data assuming 25m chord on
a through chainage basis. The chainage of PI is 2259, 59m'
(20 marks)

lcn

3
 !
"!
a, r\
a

ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION,

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
(HEXCo)

NATIONAL DIPLOMA
IN

SURVEYING AND GEOMATICS, CIVIL ENGINEERING, URBAN AND REGIONAL

PLANNING

SUBJECT: Engineering SurveY PAPER NO: 573/SO7

DURATION: 3 hours

MARCH/APRTL 2OL4 EXAMINATTON

REQUIREMENTS
Electro nic Calculator.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
1. Answer ANY FOUR (4) questions'
2. Illl questions carry equal marks.

This paper consists of 4 printed pages'

PAPER NO: 573/S07 - ENGINEERING SURVEY

OUtrSTION 1

The figure not to sc41e.

Given the following data calculate the coordinate of P using resection method
(Barycentric method).

@,P Coordinates
A 900 09'50" +1343,92 +13016,81
B L73 47 46 -3298,01 +6083,54
C 207 0L 29 -4829,26 +1 1535.13

(Provide checks where necessary). (25 marks)

OUESTION 2

a) Briefly explain the following terms:

i) Single ended trigonometrical heighting .

ii) Reciprocal trigonometrical heighting
iii) Simulataneous reciprocal trigonometrical levelling (10 marks)

b) The zenith goals observed from a survey station 'P'to three trigonometrical
beacons are recorded below.

Line Zenrt]n angles Object Heieht of signal

P-76/T 88' 09' 56" TOV 0.90m
P - 13/T 90 57 40 TOV 0.90m
P-4-4/T 89 07 49 TOP

Data:

Line Mean Sea 1eve1 distance Reduced level above mean

sea level
P-76/T 4465.8m 15t7.200 (TOP)
P - 13/T 4846,5m 1293.O21 (TOP)
P - 44lT 4956,2rn L459,272 (TOP)
o
 Other Data

. Coefficient of refraction = O,I2

o Instrument height = 1,500m
. Radius of earth = 6861,1km
. Mean altitude of the *." oi""rVey = 1SOOm

Calculate the mean elevation of station p.

(15 marks)

OUESTION 3

a) write brief notes on the following EDM measuring principles.

i) Pulse method
ii) Phase difference method (10 marks)
b) State the precautions that must be taken when standardi zing
anEDM.
(6 marks)
c) State and explain the constants that re determined when standardi
zing an
EDM, (6 marks)
d) Given the following information calculate r],e zero correction.

0-100 100,063 100,049

0-200 200,053 200,039
0-300 300,035 300,023
(3 marks)
OUtrS'IION 4

In deformation suryeys, long term planning is essential, especially in the suitable

positioning of reference benchmarks and targets. Discuss fro* tfre positioning
of
reference benchmarks and targets differ between deformatior,, of large
buildings in city centres and in the case of concrete earth dams. "r*iys
In your answer
rnention if there will be any differences in the construction of refererrce
benchmarks in the two deformation surveys mentioned above. (20 marks)

explain the methods of survey which might be used to carry out deformation
surveYs. (5 marks)

3
OUESTION 5

a) state and explain trre types and purposes of various branches of

hydro graphic surveying. (9 marks)
b) Given B = 75o (=1,309 00c); R = 1OQOm, Chainage I = 2g +.63.2, (diagram
below). Determine tangent length, curve length-and chainage of'tanient
Points. (9 marks)

p
,.
(Not to scale)

Given the following, calculate the side width W, and. W2, ttre areas of cut and
fi1l. Formation width AB = 16m, height at centre HG = h = 0.5m, side slopes
-
1:5 = 1:3. Ground slopes 1; g = 1:10. (9 marks)

(Not to scale)

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