Li-Fi TECHNOLOGY

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree
of Bachelor of Electronics of Bharathiar University, Coimbatore through
Sri Vasavi College (Self-Finance Wing), Erode.

By
MEGESHWARAN .D & SATHYASUNDARAM .S
II B.Sc., Electronics II B.Sc., Electronics
(Roll. No: 12922) (Roll. No: 12925)

Under the Guidance of

Dr. S. KUMAR M.Sc., M.Phil., PGDCA., Ph.D
Assistant Professor of Electronics,
Sri Vasavi College (Self Finance Wing),
Erode - 638316.Tamil Nadu.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
SRI VASAVI COLLEGE (SELF FINANCE WING)
Affiliated to Bharathiar University, Coimbatore
ERODE - 638316.TAMIL NADU.

21-11-2022
 DECLARATION

I MEGESHWARAN .D (II B.Sc., Electronics - Roll. No: 12922) &

SATHYASUNDARAM .S (II B.Sc., Electronics - Roll. No: 12925) hereby
declare that the paper entitled “Li-Fi TECHNOLOGY” is prepared and presented
by me under the guidance of under the Guidance of Dr. S. KUMAR M.Sc., M.Phil.,
PGDCA., Ph.D Assistant Professor of Electronics, Sri Vasavi College (Self
Finance Wing), Erode. I also declare that this is an original Paper Presented by me
and not copied directly from any source.

Date: 21.11.2022 Signature of the Students

MEGESHWARAN .D
II B.Sc., Electronics
(Roll. No: 12922)
&
SATHYASUNDARAM .S
II B.Sc., Electronics
(Roll. No: 12925)
 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the paper entitled “Li-Fi TECHNOLOGY” submitted by

MEGESHWARAN .D (II B.Sc., Electronics - Roll. No: 12922) &
SATHYASUNDARAM .S (II B.Sc., Electronics - Roll. No: 12925) is an original
paper submitted and presented by their during the academic year 2022-23 under
my guidance and supervision in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the Degree of Bachelor of Electronics of Bharathiar University,
Coimbatore through Sri Vasavi College (Self Finance Wing), Erode.

Signature of the HOD Signature of the Guide

Counter Signed by

Academic Coordinator

Date: 21.11.2022
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am indebted to many people who helped me accomplish in preparing and

presenting this paper successfully.

I express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. K. ANANDAPADMANABHAN

M.C.A., M.Phil., Ph.D Dean, Sri Vasavi College (Self Finance Wing), Erode for
providing permissions and facilities to carry out the paper work.

I extend sincere acknowledgement with proud to Mrs. S. SANGEETHA

VANATHI M.Sc., M.Phil., Head & Assistant Professor, Department of
Electronics, Sri Vasavi College (Self Finance Wing), Erode for providing the
facilities to complete task.

With deep regards and profound respect, I take this opportunity to express
my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to my guide, Dr. S. KUMAR M.Sc.,
M.Phil., PGDCA., Ph.D Assistant Professor of Electronics, Sri Vasavi College (Self
Finance Wing), Erode for his continuous encouragement throughout my paper
work.

MEGESHWARAN .D
II B.Sc., Electronics
(Roll. No: 12922)
&
SATHYASUNDARAM .S
II B.Sc., Electronics
(Roll. No: 12925)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

1 Introduction 1

2 Need of Study 2

3 Previous work done in the topic 3

4 Methods / Techniques What you Propose / Explain 5

5 Practical Application 8

6 Challenges 9

7 Conclusion 10

8 Learning Experience 11

9 References 12
 INTRODUCTION

Li-Fi-light fidelity is similar to Wi-Fi technology and it is one of the future

wireless communication technologies. The main feature of this technology
includes fully networked, bidirectional and high-speed wireless. Nowadays, the
most trending domain in wireless communication is Wi-Fi and internet users are
also being increased every year. For obtaining better speed, efficiency, bandwidth,
Li-Fi technology has evolved. The data transmission in this technology can be
done using light because the light intensity changes quicker than the human eye for
capturing. The range of data transmission in Li-Fi is faster 100 times than Wi-Fi.

This project presents an application to transfer information from one system

to another system through Visible Light. In order to transfer information from one
system to another system we use LED light to transmit signals and photodetector
to receive signals. The main purpose of the design of this particular system is to
transmit information under security basis. The light waves cannot penetrate walls
which makes a much shorter range, though more secure from hacking, relative to
Wi-Fi.

Light fidelity (Li-Fi) refers to 5G visible light communication. It uses light

from light-emitting diodes as a medium to deliver data to networked, mobile, high-
speed communication in a similar manner as Wi-Fi. Li-Fi is used to off-load data
from existing Wi-Fi networks. Li-Fi can be used as internet access points. To
transmit information from one system to another system, it uses Visible Light
Communication (VLC). This system is based on white LEDs using THz visible
light spectrum in provision of both lighting and wireless access. Visible light
communications (VLC) signals work by switching bulbs on and off.

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 NEED OF STUDY

This is an extraordinary advance over today's wireless networks. LiFi

multiplies the speed and bandwidth of wifi, 3G and 4G. The latter have a limited
capacity and become saturated when the number of users surfing increases,
causing them to crash, reducing speeds and even interrupting the connection.

With LiFi, however, its band frequency of 200,000 GHz, versus the
maximum 5 GHz of the wifi, is 100 times faster and can transmit much more
information per second. A 2017 study by the University of Eindhoven obtained a
download rate of 42.8 Gbit/s with infrared light with a radius of 2.5 metres, when
the best wifi would barely reach 300 Mbit/s.

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 PREVIOUS WORK DONE IN THE TOPIC

HISTORY:

Professor Harald Haas, of University of Edinburgh, UK, is regarded as

founding father of Li-Fi. The term Visible Radiation Communication (VLC)
embodies any use of visible radiation portion of electromagnetic spectrum for data
transmission.

D-Light project was sponsored at Center for Digital Communications in

Edinburgh from January 2010 until January 2012. Haas introduced this
breakthrough in his 2011 TED Global talk, and helped advertise it. Li-Fi
consortium, formed by Fraunhofer IPMS, Germany, IBSEN Telecom, Norway,
Supreme Architecture, Israel / US, and TriLumina, USA, is planning to upgrade
and advance different Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) technologies. Li-
Fi technology was demonstrated at the 2012 Consumer Electronics Show in Las
Vegas, employing pair of Casio smartphones to trade the data utilizing light of
varying intensities emitted from their displays, noticeable up to 10 meters away.

Both wifi and lifi are different technologies that are used to send and
receive data wirelessly. The term lifi might be unfamiliar to some people, even
though it has been around for many years. So, before jumping directly to the
comparison, we first see a brief description of both terms to make the people
familiar with these concepts.

Wi-Fi
Wifi is a wireless networking technology, stands for wireless fidelity. It
uses the IEEE 802.11 standard to provide wireless internet and network
connections. Providing an Internet connection via cable is distinctive because of its
installation and deployment on each computer, so WiFi is more popular because it
provides a wireless connection.

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 It operates like a local area network without the use of a wire or cables.
Modern computing devices like laptops and mobile phones, as well as digital
cameras and smart TVs, all have Wi-Fi capabilities.

Data transfer rates are also very fast when using Wi-Fi to share files, data,
etc., among two or more computers or mobile phones. Wi-Fi-enabled devices can
be connected via wireless access points and wired devices, and the Internet.

S.No. On the basis of Wifi Lifi

1. Stands for Wifi stands for Wireless Lifi stands for Light fidelity.
fidelity.

2. Operation It is used to transmit data via It is used to transmit data via

radio waves using a wifi LED signals using LED
router. bulbs.

3. Invented by Wifi was invented in 1991 by Lifi was invented in 2011 by

NCR corporation. Prof. Harald Hass.

4. Data transfer The range of data transfer The range of data transfer
speed speed of wifi is from 150 speed of lifi is about 1 Gbps.
Mbps to 2 Gbps.

5. Area coverage The area coverage of wifi is The area coverage of lifi is
upto 32 meters. about 10 meters.

6. Working Wifi works in a less dense It works in a high dense

environment environment because of environment.
interference related issues.

7. Privacy In wifi, the radio frequency In Lifi, data is protected and

signals pass through the more secure because there is
walls, so there is a need to a use of light that is blocked
use more secure techniques to by the walls.
protect data.

8. Components The components of wifi are The components of the lifi

routers, modems, and access are the LED bulb, LED
points. driver, and photodetector.

9. Applications With the help of a wifi It is used in airlines,

hotspot, it is used for internet underwater sea exploration,
browsing. etc.

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 METHODS / TECHNIQUES WHAT YOU PROPOSE /
EXPLAIN

WORKING OF Li-Fi :

Light Fidelity technology is wireless communication device focused mainly

on use of visible light between violet (800 THz) and red (four hundred THz). Li-Fi
is based solely on propagation of information in defined and uniform fashion via
amplitude modulation of light supply. There is LED transmitter (light emitting) on
one end and photo detector (light sensor) on other. Li-Fi operates very simple and
fast. The data input to LED transmitter is encoded into light by varying the
flickering rate at which binary code (1s and 0s) is generated by LEDs flicker „on‟
and „off‟. LED transmitter‟s on / off operation which seems to be invisible to
human eye as speed of LEDs is less than microsecond. By switching ON LED is
logical „1‟ it makes data transfer according to incoming binary codes, switching
OFF is logical „0‟. Data can be encoded in light by varying rate at which LEDs
flicker on and off to different combinations of 1s and 0s.

Li-Fi is a VLC (visible light communication) system. It uses a photo Detector

(photodiode) to detect incoming signals and decode the data received into digital
form. The LED light bulb uses a fast alternating stream of dim and bright signals
that are invisible to the human eye.

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 First, data is fed to the LED bulb. The bulb operates on signal processing
technology so it is capable of sending the data in an embedded format high rapid
speeds to the Detector which in this case is the photodiode. The photodiode then
converts the incoming beam of light into electrical signals. The electrical signals
are then converted into streamable data.

ADVANTAGES OF Li-Fi TECHNOLOGY

LiFi technology is faster, cheaper and even more secure than wifi. Its main
advantages include:

Faster: the current speed of wifi oscillates between 11 and 300 Mbit/s,
while that of LiFi is also highly variable according to the last studies carried out.
The most widely accepted speed is 10 Gbit/s, but it has been proven that it could
reach 224 Gbit/s and that a 1.5 Gbit film could be downloaded in thousandths of a
second.

Cheaper and more sustainable: it is up to 10 times cheaper than wifi,

requires fewer components and uses less energy. All you have to do is turn on a
light!

More accessible: any light fitting can easily be converted into an internet
connection point, as only a simple LiFi emitter needs to be fitted.

More secure: light does not pass through walls like radio waves do, and
this prevents intruders from intercepting LiFi communications through a wireless
network.

More bandwidth: the light spectrum is 10,000 times wider than the radio
spectrum, which increases the volume of data it can carry and transmit per second.

More reliable: LiFi transmits its signal without interruptions, making

communication more stable than with wifi.

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 No interference: electronic light does not interfere with radio
communications, interact with other systems or compromise transmissions from
aircraft, ships, etc.

Wireless and invisible: LiFi takes advantage of lights and dispenses with
the router, so it works without the need for cables. In addition, it can operate
with infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye, or with visible LED light
at very low intensity so as to avoid disturbance.

No saturation: internet connection via light could prevent the collapse of

the radio spectrum which, according to LiFi's inventor Harald Haas, could take
place by 2025.

With the emergence and development of LiFi technology, many foreshadow

the obsolescence of wifi and other wireless networks. We will have to wait a few
more years to see if streetlights, in addition to illuminating our streets, will connect
us to the internet at the speed of light.

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 PRACTICAL APPLICATION

In Aircrafts

In air crafts, passengers get high-charges on low-speed internet, but using

Li-Fi provides affordable fees for high-speed internet.

Health technologies

WI-Fi has been replaced by Li-Fi in many hospitals because use of Wi-Fi in
hospitals interferes with mobile devices and computers that block the monitoring
equipment signals.

Traffic Application

Li-Fi can be used in traffic management, which interact with LED lights of
vehicles such as buses, which can help in viably dealing with traffic and can
regulate accidents by warning other drivers when vehicles are excessively close.

Disaster management

Li-Fi can be used as groundbreaking methods of correspondence in the

midst of disaster, e.g. seismic tremor or, on other hand, hurricanes as subway
stations and passages; common dead zones do not impede Li-Fi.

Power Plant application

Li-Fi is progressively safe, bottomless availability in all regions of power

plant as utilization of Wi-Fi and other radiation source isn‟t acceptable.

Use in Military:

Li-Fi is perfect for use in military bases. This is because of the confinement
of the data transmitted to a small area that cannot be penetrated by outside sources.
Also, it does not require any complex infrastructure for its application and is
simple to use.

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 CHALLENGES

DISADVANTAGES OF Li-Fi TECHNOLOGY:

Can only work on light source: Li-Fi C only function If the light source
provided is continuous and uninterrupted. You can dim the light but never shut it
off. It cannot, therefore, function without a continuous light source.

A range is limited: as discussed before long, Li-Fi is more secure as it is

limited to the area of transmission. This might be an advantage but it also limits
the range for Li-Fi to work in.

A LiFi has some drawbacks in addition to all of these advantages. LiFi

would be of no use in places where light is not available as it requires a visible
source of light to transmit data. Thus, it may be difficult for a person to use a Li Fi
connection at night.

Even connecting multiple devices with Lifi from a distance may not be
possible as there is no router that can be installed for its use. Because light is
impermeable through solid substances, li fi requires you to be in close proximity to
the source of connection. This may not be a convenient option for many people.

This technology is also said to be less dependable (due to its reliance on

visible light) and to come with high installation costs.

9
 CONCLUSION

From the comparison between wifi and lifi, it is difficult to choose one over
the other as both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Lifi is a new
technology that is able to use as an alternative of wifi. It has a faster data rate and
security. Lifi also provides a great range of data transfer.

Li-Fi is being developed into a ubiquitous systems technology that consists

of application-specific combinations of light transmitters, light receivers, including
solar cells, efficient computational algorithms, and networking capabilities that can
be used in a variety of communication scenarios and device platforms.

The Li-Fi technology is now developed into a ubiquitous system technology

with innovative networking capabilities for universal application to provide a
variety of device platforms for high-speed internet communications. This study
showed that Li-Fi technology is an appropriate alternative to Wi-Fi technology.
Although Li-Fi technology does not use any radio frequencies, but it provides
safer, greener and cheaper technology. This LI-Fi technology provides users with
better security measures, capacity and availability as compared to Wi-Fi. The
future implications of Li-Fi include its application in different fields such as
industries, medicine, education and other regions requiring further exploration.

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 LEARNING EXPERIENCE

 In this paper i reviewed the various wire and wireless communication

technology, their portals, performance, advantages and disadvantages of one to
other.

 I learned wireless technology has become very essential part of our everyday
life and current development is the outcome of various generations.

 I learned the data sharing and connection details through this Li-Fi
technologies.

 I learned how to search for information on the internet.

 I learned how to edit and align format details with Microsoft word application.

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 REFERENCES

1. https://www.lumenci.com/post/lifi-technology-towards-an-illuminating-
future-in-wireless-communication

2. Jyoti Dange, Prajakta Pawar, Meenakshi Saroan, Nikita Ramrakhiani, Tanu

Sharma, “A Review on Li-Fi Technology”, International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2017 (Volume 5 – Issue 01),
ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181.

3. Jyothsna and Saurabh Sambhav, “Li-fi in future technology: working,

application & limitation”, International Journal Of Current Research, DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.39056.06.2020

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi.

5. https://byjus.com/current-affairs/lifi-technology

6. https://purelifi.com/lifi-technology

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