International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 7 Issue 3, May-June 2023 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Simulation of Reactive Power Compensation

by SVC on Three Phase Transmission Line
Mrs. Siddhi Khopkar
Lecturer, V.P.M.’s Polytechnic, Thane, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Mrs. Siddhi

A Reactive power is a part of apparent power which flow with active Khopkar "Simulation of Reactive Power
power. A low value of power factor requires large reactive power and Compensation by SVC on Three Phase
this affects the voltage level. Hence in order to compensate for the Transmission Line"
reactive power, the power factor of the system must be improved. Published in
International Journal
Thus, the methods for reactive power compensation are nothing but of Trend in
the methods by which poor power factors can be improved. To Scientific Research
improve this reactive power FACT device named Static VAR and Development
Compensator (SVC) is used. With the help of MATLAB simulation (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- IJTSRD56351
we observed the voltage Sag and Swell conditions occurred in 6470, Volume-7 |
Transmission line and how SVC improve the Transmission line Issue-3, June 2023, pp.341-343, URL:
performance was observed. www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd56351.pdf

KEYWORDS: SVC, Reactive Power, Voltage Sag, Voltage Swell Copyright © 2023 by author (s) and
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an
Open Access article
distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

I. INTRODUCTION
Reactive power is known as the amount of power that loads. The impedance of a branch of a circuit in an
remains unused and gets generated within an AC system consists of two components, resistance
Alternating current circuit or by the reactive and reactance. Reactance can be either inductive or
components. This is sometimes called imaginary capacitive and must be supplied with lagging reactive
power. A Reactive Power supplies the amount of power. It is economical to supply this reactive power
power back to the supply which it has consumed thus, closer to the load in the distribution system.
the average consumed power of the circuit will be
A low value of power factor requires large reactive
zero. Reactive power gets energy moving back into
power and this affects the voltage level. Hence in
the grid during the passive phases. It is the part of
order to compensate for the reactive power, the power
complex power that corresponds to storage and
factor of the system must be improved. Thus, the
retrieval of energy rather than consumption. On an
methods for reactive power compensation are nothing
AC power system, there are two kinds of power - real
but the methods by which poor power factors can be
power that actually does work, and reactive power
improved. The methods are as follows:
that enables transformers to transform, generators to
Using capacitor banks
generate, and motors to rotate. Using synchronous condensers
The Reactive power is need to be flow with active Using static VAR compensators
power. Reactive power can be leading or lagging.
II. Static VAR compensator
While it is the active power that contributes to the The high voltage power system makes use of a static
energy consumed, or transmitted, reactive power does VAR compensator. It is abbreviated as SVC andshows
not contribute to the energy. improved system stability, reduction in line losses,
Reactive power is either generated or consumed in and maintaining the variation within limits. It has
almost every component of the system, generation, shunt reactors and shunt capacitors. Shunt reactors and
transmission, and distribution and eventually by the thyristor-controlled reactors are used for limiting the

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD56351 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 341
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
voltage rise at no load or low load conditions while A. Working Principle
static capacitors and thyristor switched capacitors are Static Var Comprises one or more bank of fixed or
used for preventing the voltage sag at peak load switched shunt capacitor or reactors, of which at least
conditions. one bank is switched by thyristors. An SVC will
typically regulate and control the voltage to the
required set point under normal steady state and
contingency conditions and thereby provide dynamic,
fast response reactive power following system
contingencies e.g. network short circuits, line and
generator disconnections.

Fig.1 figure of SVC

This can be formed in two ways, one with the parallel
combination of thyristor controlled reactor and fixed
capacitor while the other one is the parallel
combination of thyristor switched capacitor and
thyristor controlled reactor. SVC is designed to
generate as well as absorb reactive power.
B. Block Diagram

III. RESULTS
Here we are considering Reference Voltage value is 1 Reactive Power Absorb by SVC and maintain the
P.U. voltage to reference value.
1. Voltage Swell condition:
Table I Voltage Swell Condition
Without With using
using SVC SVC
-50 (Reactive
Q (MVAR) -10
power Absorb)
V(MEAR) V(ref) V 1.03 1.01
alpha (TCR) deg 90° 150°
Here, Voltage Swell condition occurred therefore
Voltage increases above reference value then Fig. 2 Graph of Voltage Swell Condition

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD56351 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 342
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
2. Voltage Sag Condition: work. Reactive power is essential to move active
Table II Voltage Sag Condition power through the transmission and distribution
Without With using system to the customer.
using SVC SVC The main advantage of SVCs over simple
Q (MVAR) -50 250 mechanically switched compensation schemes is
V(MEAR) V(ref) V 0.92 0.98 their near- instantaneous response to changes in
alpha (TCR) deg 90° 180° the system voltage. For this reason they are often
Here, Voltage Decreases below the reference value operated at close to their zero-point in order to
then Reactive Power Inject by SVC into the maximize the reactive power correction they can
transmission line. rapidly provide when required.
They are generally in higher-capacity, faster and
more reliable than dynamic compensation
schemes such as synchronous condensers.
However, static VAR compensators are more
expensive than mechanically switched capacitors,
so many system operators use a combination of
the two technologies (sometimes in the same
installation), using the static VAR compensator to
provide support for fast changes and the
mechanically switched capacitors to provide
steady-state VARs.
Fig. 3 Graph of Voltage Sag Condition References
[1] Dhaval Desai, Swapnil Arya, "Reactive Power
The Voltage of the programmable voltage source is set
Compensation using Fact Device ", Volume 1:
to 1 P.U The delayed Firing angle of the thyristor of
2017.
the TCR branch is alpha 90 degree and measured
voltage is 1 PU which does not required RPC. [2] Karsten Kahle, Francisco R. Blánquez, Charles-
Mathieu Genton, “The design andperformance
When t= 0.1sec, the power supply voltage increases
of Static VAR Compensators for particle
To 1.025 P.U . At this time SVC will absorb
accelerators”, October, 2015.
95MVAR of RP in order to restore the voltage to the
ref voltage. The delay firing angle of voltage Swell [3] JinBo Chen, Wen Yu Hu, “MATLAB
and Sag is 90 degree before SVC and swell 150 Simulation Research on Static Var
degree and sag 180 degree with usingSVC. The time Compensator”, E3S Web of Conferences,
required for the measure voltage to return to 1 P.U is 01022 (2021).
about 0.135 sec . [4] Dr. Tarlochan Kaur, Sandeep Kakran, “Matlab
When t=0.4 sec the power supply of the voltage drop Computation For Studying Effect Of Location
to 0.934 P.U at this time SVC will emitted256 MVAR of Shunt FACTS Devices In Long Transmission
RP in order to restore the voltage to Ref. voltage TCR Line System”, Vol. 2 Issue 2,February- 2013.
absorb about 40% of RP and delayed firing angle of [5] Hingorani, N.G. &Gyugyi, L. Understanding
the thyristor of the TCR branch is alpha 120 degree . FACTS - Concepts and Technology ofFlexible
IV. OBSERVATION AC Transmission Systems. IEEE.
Reactive power is used to provide the voltage ISBN 0-7803-3455-8.
levels necessary for active power to do useful

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD56351 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 343