10/05/2023

Basic Operations Basic Operations

Basic signal operations performed over the dependent variables

• Addition and Subtraction

The resultant signal can be represented as y(t) or y(n) from which we can write

• y(t) = x1(t) + x2(t)

• y[n] = x1[n] + x2[n]

• y(t) = x1(t) - x2(t) … for continuous time signals, x1(t) and x2(t)

• y[n] = x1[n] - x2[n] … for discrete time signals, x1[n] and x2[n]

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Basic Operations Basic Operations

Basic signal operations performed over the dependent variables

• Multiplication
The resultant signal can be represented as y(t) or y(n) from which we can write

Mathematically, this can be given as:

y(t) = x1(t) × x2(t) … for continuous-time signals x1(t) and x2(t)

y[n] = x1[n] × x2[n] … for discrete-time signals x1[n] and x2[n]

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Basic Operations Basic Operations

Basic signal operations performed over the dependent variables

• Constant Multiplication (Amplitude scaling)

The resultant signal can be represented as y(t) or y(n) from which we can write

Mathematically, this can be given as:

y(t) = c × x(t) … for continuous-time signals x(t)

y[n] = c × x[n] … for discrete-time signals and x[n]

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Basic Operations on Signals Basic Operations

Transformation of the Independent variable (time) Transformation of the Independent variable (time)

• Time Scaling • Time Scaling

Let x(t) be a continuous-time signal. Replacing t by at results in a

• Time Shifting time-scaled signal y(t)
• Time Reversal

• If a>1, y(t) is the compressed/ down scaled version of x(t)

• If a<1, y(t) is the expanded/up scaled version of x(t)

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Basic Operations Basic Operations

Transformation of the Independent variable (time) Transformation of the Independent variable (time)

• Time Scaling (compression/down sampling)

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Basic Operations Basic Operations

Transformation of the Independent variable (time) Transformation of the Independent variable (time)

• Time Scaling (expansion / up sampling) • Time Shifting

Let x(t) be a continuous-time signal. Replacing t by t+b results in a

time-shifted signal y(t)

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Basic Operations Basic Operations

Transformation of the Independent variable (time) Transformation of the Independent variable (time)

• Reflection / Reversal • Reflection / Reversal

Let x(t) be a continuous-time signal. Replacing t by -t results in a

time-reversal signal y(t)

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Basic Operations Basic Operations

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Basic Operations Basic Operations