Electronics Circuit and Devices Lab

Summing & Difference Amplifier Circuit using OP-Amp

Lab Report - 08

Section: EE-20A

Submitted to:
Sir Meer Hamza

Submitted by:

Hasham Ali 210401036

Fahad Qalbi 210401060
Rayan Sohail 210401074

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Objective:
1. To build Summing & Difference Amplifier circuit using op-amp
2. To build Schmitt trigger and window comparator circuit using op-amp
3. To investigate the process of summation, subtraction & comparison

Equipment:
1. Function generator
2. Oscilloscope
3. Digital multimeter (DMM)
4. Op-Amp IC, Resistors, Power supply

Introduction:
Summer (I)
Follow the circuit diagram provided and assemble the circuit by
selecting resistors R1, R2, and Rf, each with a value of 10K. Utilize
the 0- ±12V terminal output to power the IC.
• Employ a DC power supply to apply two inputs to the
inverting terminal. Utilize a multimeter to measure each
input.
• Utilize a multimeter to measure the output for a minimum of
five different input combinations.

N# V1 V2 ∑ V1+V2 Vout (measured)

1 1V 2V 2V -2V

2 2V 2V 4V -4V

3 3V 2V 5V -5V

4 3V 3V 6V -6V

5 4V 3V 7V - 7V

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Summer (NI)
• Construct the circuit according to the provided circuit diagram, selecting resistors R1
and R2 with a value of 10k each.
• Choose resistors Ri and Rf in kilohms (KΩ) such that they satisfy the circuit's addition
function.
• Utilize the 0- ±12V terminal output to supply power to the IC.
• Using a DC power supply, apply two inputs to the non-inverting terminal. Use a
multimeter to measure each input.
• Measure the output using a multimeter for a minimum of five different input
combinations.
• Compare the output with the sum of the two inputs.

N# V1 V2 ∑ V1+V2 Vout (measured)

1 1V 1V 2V 2V

2 2V 2V 4V 4V

3 3V 2V 5V 5V

4 3V 3V 6V 6V

5 4V 3V 7V 7V

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Q. Is Rf/Ri ratio of inverting and non-inverting adder different? If yes, explain the
reason?
Ans. YES, there exists a distinction between the inverting and non-inverting adders,
specifically regarding the presence of a negative sign. It is observed that when an input is
applied to the inverting terminal (denoted by "-"), the adder produces a negative output due to
the inversion of the input. Conversely, when an input is provided to the non-inverting terminal,
the goal is to obtain an identical output as the input provided.

Subtractor
• Follow the circuit diagram and assemble the circuit by selecting resistors R1, R2, R3,
and Rf, each with a value of 10K. Utilize the 0- ±12V terminal output to power the IC.
• Apply two inputs, with one connected to the inverting terminal and the other to the non-
inverting terminal. Use a multimeter to measure each input.
• Measure the output using a multimeter for a minimum of five different input
combinations.
• Compare the output with the calculated difference between the two inputs.

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 N# V1 V2 V2-V1 Vout (measured)
1 1V 2V 1V 1V
2 2V 4V 2V 2V
3 3V 6V 3V 3V
4 4V 8V 4V 4V
5 5V 10V 5V 5V

Subtractor with gain:

• Construct the circuit according to the provided circuit diagram, selecting resistors R1,
R2, R3, and Rf in the kilohm range (KΩ) to achieve a desired difference with a gain
factor of K=2 each. Utilize the 0- ±12V terminal output to power the IC.
• Utilize a DC power supply to apply two inputs, with one connected to the inverting
terminal and the other to the non-inverting terminal. Use a multimeter to measure each
input.
• Measure the output using a multimeter for a minimum of five different input
combinations.
• Compare the output with the calculated difference between the two inputs.

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 N# V1 V2 V2-V1 Vout=K(V2-V1) Vout=K(V2-V1)
(Theo) (measured)

1 1V 2V 1V 2V 2V
2 2V 4V 2V 4V 4V
3 3V 6V 3V 6V 6V
4 4V 8V 4V 8V 8V
5 5V 10V 5V 10V 10V

OP-AMP AS SCHMITT TRIGGER

• Refer to the op-amp IC741 pin diagram and construct the SCHMITT TRIGGER
circuit in the inverting configuration on the breadboard, following the provided
diagram.
• Adjust the DC power supply to provide +VCC and -VEE voltages. Apply ±12V to the
respective pins of op-amp IC741.
• Configure the function generator to output an 8V (p-p) sine wave at 1KHZ. Connect
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 this AC input to pin 2 (INV) of op-amp IC741.
• Measure and record the output voltage swing (Vut) and lower threshold voltage (VLt).
Note the readings in the observation table.
• Use the oscilloscope with channel 1 and channel 2 to simultaneously measure and
sketch the input and output waveforms on graph 1, highlighting the Vut and VLt
points.
• Repeat steps 4 and 5 using a different resistor set, where R1 = 25K and R2 = 10K.

Observations and Measurements:

R1 R2 Vth+ Vth- Vgap(th) Vth+(M) Vth-(M) Vgap(M)

10K 10K 6.2 -6.2 12 6 -6 12.3
25K 10K 3.55 -3.55 7 3.55 -3.55 6.97

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OP-AMP AS Window Comparator
• Build the circuit based on the provided diagram.
• Connect +5VDC to V+ (pin 7) and ground V- (pin 4).
• Use the potentiometers to adjust the upper trigger point (Vref high) to 4V and the
lower trigger point (Vref low) to 1V.
• Apply a varying input voltage and observe that the LED remains lit when the input
voltage is within the 1V to 4V range, and it turns off outside of this specified range.
• Repeat step 3, adjusting different upper and lower trigger points.
• Upper trigger point: 4V
• Lower trigger point: 1V
• LED status: ON

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Conclusion:
During this lab session, we examined and implemented the summing and difference amplifier
circuits using op-amps. We also constructed a Schmitt trigger and a window comparator
circuit using op-amps. Our objective was to investigate the processes of summation,
subtraction, and comparison within these circuits.