NCERT Solution for Class 10 English First Flight Nelson Mandela

Long Walk To Freedom Exercise - Comprehension Check

Question (1)

Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any public buildings in India that are made of
sandstone?

Answer :

The ceremonies took place in the campus of the Union Building of Pretoria. The Parliament House in New
Delhi, the Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi, the Supreme Court of India in New Delhi and Madras High
Court in Chennai are some examples of Indian public buildings that are made of sandstone.

Question (2)

Can you say how 10 May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa ?

Answer :

10 May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa because on this day there was the largest gathering of
international leaders on South African soil for the installation of South Africa’s first democratic, non-racial
government.

Question (3)

At the beginning of his speech, Mandela mentions “an extraordinary human disaster”. What does he
mean by this? What is the “glorious … the human achievement” he speaks of at the end?

Answer :

By human disaster, Mandela means to say that coloured people have suffered a lot due to
discrimination at the hands of whites. He considered it as the great glorious human achievement that a black
person became the president of a country where the blacks are
not considered as the human being and are treated badly.

Question (4)

What does Mandela thank the international leaders for?

Answer :

Mandela felt privileged to be the host to the nations of the world because not too long ago, the South
Africans were considered outlaws. He thus thanked all the international leaders for having come to witness
his investiture as President since this event could be considered as a common victory for justice, peace and
human dignity.

Question (5)

What ideas does he set out for the future of South Africa?

Answer :

Mandela set out the ideals of poverty alleviation, removal of the suffering of people. He also set the ideal for
a society where there would be no discrimination based on gender or racial origins.
NCERT Solution for Class 10 English First Flight Nelson Mandela
Long Walk To Freedom Exercise - Oral Comprehension Check
Question (1)

What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed, and why?

Answer :

The highest military generals of the South African defence force and police saluted Mandela and pledged
their loyalty. Their attitude towards blacks had taken great change. Instead of arresting a black they saluted
him.

Question (2)

Why were two national anthems sung?

Answer :

On the day of the inauguration, two national anthems were sung, one by the whites, and
the other by the blacks. This symbolized the equality of blacks and whites.

Question (3)

How does Mandela describe the systems of government in his country (i) in the first decade, and (ii) in
the final decade, of the twentieth century?

Answer :

(i) In the first decade of the twentieth century, the white-skinned people of South Africa patched up their
differences and erected a system of racial domination against the darkskinned people of their own land, thus
creating the basis of one of the harshest and most inhumane societies the world had ever known.
(ii) In the last decade of the twentieth century, the previous system had been overturned forever and replaced
by one that recognized the rights and freedoms of all peoples, regardless of the colour of their skin.

Question (4)

What does courage mean to Mandela?

Answer :

For Mandela courage does not mean the absence of fear but a victory over fear. According to him brave men
need not be fearless but should be able to conquer fear

Question (5)

Which does he think is natural, to love or to hate?

Answer :

For Mandela, love comes more naturally to the human heart than hate

Question (6)

What “twin obligations” does Mandela mention?

Answer :

Mandela mentions that every man has twin obligations. The first is to his family, parents,
wife and children; the second obligation is to his people, his community and his country

Question (7)

What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy, and as a student? How does he contrast these
“transitory freedoms” with “the basic and honourable freedoms”?

Answer :

Like any other kid for Mandela also the freedom meant a freedom to make merry and enjoy the blissful life.
Once anybody becomes an adult then antics of childhood looks like transitory because most of the childish
activity is wasteful from an adult’s perspective. Once you are adult then someday you have to earn a
livelihood to bring the bacon home, then only you get an honourable existence in the family and in the
society.

Question (8)

Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/Why not?

Answer :

Mandela does not feel that the oppressor is free because according to him an oppressor is a prisoner of
hatred, who is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. He feels that both the oppressor
and the oppressed are robbed of their humanity.

NCERT Solution for Class 10 English First Flight Nelson Mandela

Long Walk To Freedom Exercise - Thinking about the Language
Question (1)

There are nouns in the text (formation, government) which are formed from the corresponding verbs
(form, govern) by suffixing − (at)ion or ment. There may be change in the spelling of some verb − noun
pairs: such as rebel, rebellion; constitute, constitution.

Noun Verb
rebellion rebel
constitution constitute
Answer :
Noun Verb
Constitution Constitute
Oppression Oppress
Formation Form
Government Govern
Obligation Oblige
Transformation Transform
Discrimination Discriminate
Deprivation Deprive
Demonstration Demonstrate
Question (2)

Martin Luther King’s (contribute) to our history as an outstanding leader began when he
came to the (assist) of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to
a white passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second-class
citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean (subjugate) and
(humiliate) by the police and the legal system. Beatings, (imprison) and
sometimes death awaited those who defied the System. Martin Lither King’s tactics of protest involved
non-violent (resist) to racial injustice.

Answer :

Martin Luther King’s contribution (contribute) to our history as an outstanding leader began when he came
to the assistance (assist) of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white
passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second-class citizenship by
restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean subjugation(subjugate) and
humiliation(humiliate) by the police and the legal system. Beatings, imprisonment(imprison) and sometimes
death awaited those who defied the System. Martin Luther King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent
resistance (resist) to racial injustice.

Question (3)

Here are some more examples of ‘the’ used with proper names. Try to say what these sentences mean.
(You may consult a dictionary if you wish. Look at the entry for ‘the’)
1. Mr Singh regularly invites the Amitabh Bachchan and the Shah Rukh Khans to his parties.
2. Many people think that Madhuri Dixit is the Madhubala of our times.
3. History is not only the story of the Alexanders, the Napoleons and the Hitlers, but of ordinary
people as well.

Answer :

1. This means that Mr Singh regularly invites famous personalities such as Amitabh
Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan to his parties.
2. This means that Madhuri Dixit is compared to a landmark in acting in the form of
legendary actress Madhubala.
3. This means that history is not only the story of the great fighters and leaders such as
Alexander, Napoleon and Hitler, but also of ordinary people.

Question (4)

Match, the italicised phrases in Column A with the phrase nearest meaning in Column B. (Hint: First
look for the sentence in the text which the phrase in column A occurs.)

A B
(i) had not forgotten: was aware of the fact

I was not unmindful of the fact (ii) was not careful about the fact

(iii) forgot or was not aware of the fact

When my comrades and I were pushed (i) pushed by the guards to the wall

to our limits (ii) took more than our share of beatings

(iii) felt that we could not endure the

 suffering any longer
(i) make me go on walking

(ii) help me continue to live in hope in this

To reassure me and keep me going
very difficult situation

(iii) make me remain without complaining

(i) earning enough money to live on
The basic and honourable freedoms of
(ii) keeping what I earned
… earning my keep…
(iii) getting a good salary
Answer :
A B
had not forgotten; was aware
I was not unmindful of the fact of the
fact
When my comrades and I felt that we could not endure
were pushed the
to our limits suffering any longer
help me continue to live in
To reassure me and keep me
hope in this
going
very difficult situation
The basic and honourable
earning enough money to live
freedoms of
on
…earning my keep…

NCERT Solution for Class 10 English First Flight Nelson Mandela

Long Walk To Freedom Exercise - Thinking about the Text
Question (1)

1. Why did such a large number of international leaders attend the inauguration? What did it signify
the triumph of?

Answer :

The presence of large number of international leaders was a gesture of solidarity from international
community to the idea of the end of apartheid. It signified the triumph of good over evil, the triumph of the
idea of a tolerant society without any discrimination.

Question (2)

What does Mandela mean when he says he is “simply the sum of all those African patriots” who had
gone before him?

Answer :

Mandela wants to pay his tribute to all the people who had sacrificed their lives for the sake of freedom. he
feels that he is the sum of all those African patriots who had gone before him because those heroes of
yesterday years had paved the path of co-operation and unity for him. Therefore, he got the support of his
people to be able to come to power to bring equality for his own people.
Question (3)

Would you agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of character? How does Mandela
illustrate this? Can you add your own examples to this argument?

Answer :

Yes, I agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of character”. Nelson Mandela illustrates this by
giving examples of great heroes of South Africa who sacrificed their lives in the long freedom struggle. India
is full of such examples. During our freedom struggle, there was a galaxy of leaders of great characters.
Probably the oppression of British rule created so many men of such characters. If we compare this with the
quality of political leaders India is having today, then Nelson Mandela seems to be absolutely right.

Question (4)

How did Mandela’s understanding of freedom change with age and

experience? Answer :

With age, Nelson Mandela realised that he had a lot of responsibilities of his people, his community and his
country. As a boy, Mandela did not have a hunger for freedom because he thought that he was born free. He
believed that as long as he obeyed his father and abided by the customs of his tribe, he was free in every
possible manner. He had certain needs as a teenager and certain needs as a young man. Gradually, he realized
that he was selfish during his boyhood. He slowly understands that it is not just his freedom that is being
curtailed, but the freedom of all blacks. It is after attaining this understanding that he develops a hunger for
the freedom of his people.

Question (5)

How did Mandela’s ‘hunger for freedom’ change his

life? Answer :

Mandela realized in his youth that it was not just his freedom that was being curtailed, but the freedom of all
blacks. The hunger for his own freedom became the hunger for the freedom of his people. This desire of a
non-racial society transformed him into a virtuous and self-sacrificing man. Thus, he joined the African
National Congress and this changed him from a frightened young man into a bold man.