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7aed7d83 457f 4522 9c06 40e9f10536d6 Introduction To Solutions

This document introduces the key concepts of solutions, including: 1. The three main types of solutions are unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated. A supersaturated solution can be made by adding excess solute and slowly cooling. 2. A solution consists of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Water is a universal solvent. Solubility depends on factors like temperature and pressure. 3. The rate of dissolving can be increased by higher temperature, stirring, and powdering the solute to increase surface area contact with solvent.

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77 views

7aed7d83 457f 4522 9c06 40e9f10536d6 Introduction To Solutions

This document introduces the key concepts of solutions, including: 1. The three main types of solutions are unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated. A supersaturated solution can be made by adding excess solute and slowly cooling. 2. A solution consists of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Water is a universal solvent. Solubility depends on factors like temperature and pressure. 3. The rate of dissolving can be increased by higher temperature, stirring, and powdering the solute to increase surface area contact with solvent.

Uploaded by

Harvexx
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction To Solutions

💡 After today, you should be able to:

Explain the differences between the three different types of solutions

Describe how to make a supersaturated solution

Describe how to increase the rate of dissolving

Unit: Acids, Bases, and Solutions


Day 1 Notes - Introduction to Solutions and Solubility
A solution is a homogeneous mixture. The components are not chemically
combined and retain their original properties.
Example: sugar water; still taste sweet

A solution is made up of a solute and solvent.

A solute is a dissolved substance

A solvent is the most abundant component of a solution, what does the


dissolving

Water is called the “UNIVERSAL SOLVENT” because it can


dissolve so many substances
Recall, aqueous is a solution where water is the solvent
Example: NaCl(s) → Na+ −
(aq) + Cl(aq)

Solubility: the maxim amount of solute dissolved in a particular solvent at a specific


temperature

Saturated solution: no more solute can dissolve

Unsaturated solution: more solute can dissolve

Supersaturated solution: more solute is dissolved than theoretically possible

To make a supersaturated solution:

Introduction To Solutions 1
1. Add more solute than solubility allows

2. Heat the solution up

3. Slowly cool it down

This is a temporary and unstable state for a solution!

Factors that affect solubility:

1. Temperature - most solid substances have higher solubility as temperature


increases

a. all gas solutes have lower solubility as temperature increases

2. Pressure - only affects gas solutes

a. all gas solutes have higher solubility as pressure increases

Solubility Curves:

FOR SOLIDS SOLUTES

Rate of dissolving: how fast a solute dissolves in a solvent - not to be confused


with how much

The rate can be increased by:

1. increasing temperature - there is more kinetic energy available to meet the


activation energy (energy movable for dissolving)

2. stirring - increases the interaction between solute and solvent

Introduction To Solutions 2
3. powdering - increases the surface area of the solute, which increases the
interaction between solute and solvent

Liquid – Liquid Solutions

miscible: two liquids that uniformly mix together (ex: milk and water)

immiscible: two liquids which will not mix, formed two layers (ex: oil and water)

As a general rule: “Like dissolves like.”

non-poler + non-polar = miscible

polar + polar = miscible

non-polar + polar = immiscible

Concentration: indicates the amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of a


solvent

Dilute - a small amount of solute

Concentrated - a large amount of solute

Introduction To Solutions 3

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