FURUKAWA ELECTRIC INSTITUTE of TECHNOLOGY

Budapest, Hungary

Lea-7
Leakage Current Measuring Arrangement

Software & Hardware

Manual

[email protected] ©B&C Diagnostics Ltd. 2007

+36(30)685-77-40 www.Diagnostics.hu/Lea
 Lea-7 Hardware & Software Manual Page 2 of 47

Furukawa Electric Institute of Technology

Budapest, Hungary
Version updated on 4. Feb. 2007 .
suites to Lea.exe Ver. 1.0.0.72.

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Contents of Lea-7 Manual

GENERAL...................................................................................................... 6

Features ......................................................................................................................... 6

Lea System .................................................................................................................... 7

HARDWARE.................................................................................................. 9

Lea-7 Input Centre ....................................................................................................... 9

Input Circuits ...................................................................................................... 9
Power supply..................................................................................................... 10

SOFTWARE ................................................................................................ 11

General Information ................................................................................................... 11

Upgrading Firmware ..................................................................................... 11
Standard statuses and control ............................................................... 12

Introduction Page ....................................................................................................... 14

Select Local Measurement ......................................................................................... 15

Select Remote Measurement ..................................................................................... 16

View Results................................................................................................................ 17
Tables ................................................................................................................... 18
Scope .................................................................................................................... 19

Edit Parameters Page................................................................................................. 21

Start New Measurement ............................................................................................ 25

Tree Command Structure of Lea.exe ........................................................................ 27

APPENDIX A .............................................................................................. 28

Quick Installation of Lea-7 ........................................................................................ 28

Software Installation ................................................................................... 29
Connecting Lea-7 to Commander Computer ................................... 30
Calibration .......................................................................................................... 33

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APPENDIX B .............................................................................................. 35

Measuring Considerations for Lea-7 ......................................................................... 35

High Voltage Measuring ............................................................................. 35
Summary of Grounding Suggestions ................................................... 38

APPENDIX C .............................................................................................. 39

Measuring Method for Long Time Measurements ................................................. 39

Starting Long Time Measurement ........................................................ 39

APPENDIX D .............................................................................................. 41

Description of the measuring parameters ................................................................ 41

APPENDIX E .............................................................................................. 43

Parameter and result files .......................................................................................... 43

APPENDIX F............................................................................................... 44

Description of Collected Data ................................................................................... 44

APPENDIX G .............................................................................................. 46

Excel Compatible Result Files .................................................................................. 46

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Figures of Lea-7 Manual

Lea-7 Instrument.......................................................................................................................................... 6
A typical arrangement of Lea-7 system...................................................................................................... 7
Scheme of Lea-7 Input Centre.................................................................................................................... 9
Input links.....................................................................................................................................................10
Scheme of Input Circuits in Input Centre ...............................................................................................10
Upgrade Firmware.......................................................................................................................................11
Lea.exe Standard Statuses and Controls ..................................................................................................12
Lea.exe Introduction page..........................................................................................................................14
Select Local Measurement Page ................................................................................................................15
Select Remote Measurement Page ............................................................................................................16
View Measurement Page ............................................................................................................................17
Tables Page...................................................................................................................................................18
Scope Page....................................................................................................................................................19
Trigger Parameters Form ...........................................................................................................................19
Edit Parameters Page ..................................................................................................................................21
Editing Parameters Tab Page.....................................................................................................................23
Editing Advanced Parameters Tab Page..................................................................................................24
Measurement Started Page.........................................................................................................................25
Lea-7 System Schematics ...........................................................................................................................28
Lea-7 Input Centre.....................................................................................................................................29
A typical wireless interface .........................................................................................................................30
Setting the TCP/IP properties of the Wireless Connection.................................................................31
Controls of Connections ............................................................................................................................32
Lea-7 Inside, Calibration Level Switch ...................................................................................................33
A typical installation arrangement of Lea-7 system ...............................................................................36
Continuous metal plate under the high voltage objects ........................................................................36
Grounding suggestion (with a home-made braid)..................................................................................37
Protecting water resistor.............................................................................................................................37
Protector arrangement suggestion ............................................................................................................38
Setting parameters for long time measurements ....................................................................................40
Automatic restart at the beginning of the month in diary.....................................................................40

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Lea-7 is a measuring instrument for high voltage. It advisable to

read

Appendix A: Quick Installation of Lea-7

Appendix B: Measuring Consideration for Lea-7

before starting any measurement.

General
Features
• 10 leakage input channels This manual describes
• 6 optional external environmental channels ( like meteorological signals ). the Lea-7 system. If you
• Remote control of the system through wireless TCP-IP connection. want to see how to
• 10 Ω and 51 Ω standard measuring resistors (Default: 10 Ω). install and how to
measure with Lea
• ±32 mA ÷ ±512 mA ranges with 10 ohms input resistor.
systems you should
• ±6.4 mA ÷ ±102.4 mA ranges with 51 ohms input resistor. rather see the
• 12 bit, 16µsec A/D converter. Measurement section
• Auto-offset function of Lea-Soft for the leakage channels. and
• Built-in calibrator unit with ±10 or ±100 mA quasi-square-wave output Appendix A with
current. “How to install Lea-7”
• 10 channel oscilloscope-like display for real-time monitoring the input and Appendix B about
leakage current signals. “Measuring
• Built-in test generator for automatic self-tests of long-time measuring. consideration of Lea-7”.
• MS Excel® compatible result text file output possibility.
• DC ( 12V ) or AC ( 100V ) power supply options.

Lea-7 Instrument Fig. 1.

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Lea System
Lea-7, the leakage current measuring arrangement was designed for 10 leakage and
measuring - on one hand - leakage current signals on the surface of high 6 optional
voltage insulators, or insulator samples, and - on the other hand - various environmental
optional environmental signals, attached to the process. The currents and the channels
environmental signals can be measured pseudo-simultaneously on maximum
10 samples and 6 optional external environmental channels. The observation
can last for any time period, the desired collection of data will be registered
for later use and evaluation.

A typical arrangement of Lea-7 system Fig. 2.

The system uses wireless data transfer for isolating the user from the high Wireless data transfer
test-voltage.

Lea-Soft system collects a large amount of properties of the signals with Collecting
relative high sampling rate. The sampling period of the A/D converter can 176 parameters on
be as low as 16 microseconds pro channel. If all the ten input channels are 10 channels.
used, then the system watches 176 parameters parallel continuously all the
time (see Appendix F for detailed information about collected data).

In addition to the classic quantities ( maximum, effective, charge values and

number of pulses in different amplitude “bins” ), even so special features are
collected as the number, and average time periods of leakage bursts.

Lea system is also able to distinguish between current signals caused by Separation of continuous
continuous liquid-film on the surface of the insulators and leakage currents and dotted currents.
caused by dry band arcing discharge. Different quantities of these currents
are collected separately too.

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The benefit of collecting so many kinds of characteristics can be useful for

later evaluation: the more we know about the circumstances the easier it will
be to find out the reason of any phenomenon.
The system can be applied for different purposes like:
APPLICATIONS

• Natural on-site long-term tests. • Out-door on-site test

• Fog chamber tests with artificial environment controller program • Fog chamber
• “Merry-Go-Round” tests • Merry-Go-Round
• Other type of signal registration tests in high voltage environment,
even for so special measurement like for example measuring the • Laboratory tests
current of the fire-extinguisher ray used for extinguishing fire of
equipment under high voltage.

While the system can measure all on its own for indefinitely long time, it has Built-in test generator
a built-in test generator. With the help of this generator the system is able to for automatic self-tests.
test its correct operation periodically.

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Hardware
Lea-7 Input Centre
The scheme of the Input Centre can be seen in Fig. 4.

Scheme of Lea-7 Input Centre Fig. 3.

Input Circuits
The scheme of the Input Circuits can be seen below.

The leakage current is converted to voltage on the measuring resistor. The

value of the system input resistor can be changed individually, but in one
system all the ten channels must have the same value resistors. The value can
be changed also by applying links.

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I N P U T L I N K S

• 10Ω: Link connected

• 51Ω: Link removed

• All links must be in the

same state.

Input links Fig. 4.

90 Volt protectors and serial resistors protect the Input Centre circuits
against over-voltage. The *1 instrumental amplifiers reduce the noise coming
from the system ground and leads the signal to the A/D converter.

Scheme of Input Circuits in Input Centre Fig. 5.

The built-in Calibrator Unit gives out 10 or 100 mA square wave current to Built-in Calibrator
the bottom connector of the Input Centre. The value depends on setting of Unit with 10 mA and
the signal level switch of the calibrator. The Calibrator Unit gets its input 100 mA output.
signal from the 50 Hz square generator. See more about Calibration Unit in
the Installation Manual, Appendix A.

For starting the automatic self-tests of the system there is a possibility to lead
the output signal of the 50 Hz generator through a pulse smoother circuit to
the input of the input circuits. Connecting this test generator to the inputs
automatically and proceeding a measurement with it must give a predefined
set of results. So the whole system, except the input resistors and protectors
is tested automatically.

Power supply
For various test conditions Lea-7 accepts both 100VAC supply from mains AC or DC power can
or 12DC from isolated battery for special floating measurements supply the Input Centre.

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Software
The software of the Lea-7 arrangement consists of two main parts:

• Leakage.exe the Lea firmware program, in Input Centre

• Lea.exe a Windows environment user program

Once started to measure, Leakage.exe in Input Centre is intelligent enough to

measure on its own, without any supervision. It even restarts measurement
automatically in case of loosing and getting back power, or at month-
turnover in case of long time measurement.

Before starting to use Lea-7 system, connection must be established between

the commander computer and the instruments. See Appendix A, Installation
Manual for details.

General Information
Upgrading Firmware
As connection establishes to Lea-7 instrument, Lea.exe checks Leakage
home directory (where Lea.exe is located) for firmware upgrade. If it finds
any upgrade file, then compares to actual version in Lea-7 instrument. If
upgrade file is newer, then Lea.exe asks the user about upgrading firmware.

Upgrade Firmware Fig. 6.

If user selects yes, then firmware is uploaded to Lea-7 instrument, and

Lea-7 restarts. After upgrade you will see the new version number in top
of the form, in Caption. It is very important that upgrading process is
risky, do not break connection till finished. In case of erroneous
transmission, you can retry if you log out and log in again (clicking the
Connection Bar, as described in Appendix A).

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Standard statuses and controls

Lea.exe Standard Statuses and Controls Fig. 7.

On every page you will find the following information and control:
• Caption: “Lea-7 Ver.1.0.0.68 / Lea Device SN: 0603, Ver: 7.06j”
Shows on the top of the form the actual Lea.exe version, and the
connected Lea-7 instrument serial number and Leakage.exe firmware
version.
• Connection bar: “Connected to Lea-7-0603 device. PIC Ver.1.04”
If logged in, then it shows the Lea-7 instrument parameters,
including the PIC interface firmware version.
• Selection Combo: “Lea-7-0603”
User can select Lea-7 instrument here. After changing it, Lea.exe will
try to connect to the selected instrument. Defining instruments in
INI file, see Appendix A.
• Connection Panel: Spinning gel and “Logged in. Click to logout”
Information about connection, logged in status. Gel keeps spinning
if connected. Also shows logging status. Click Connection panel to
change connection or logged status.
User can login and logout by clicking with mouse.
• Information Bar: “Uploading… Left: 46% - Click button to
ABORT”
User gets information about transfers, or other activities of Lea.exe
here. Colour of the panel shows additional information:
o No colour: Simple status information, like successfully
finished operations.
o Blue colour: Lea.exe is working hard on something, like file
transfer, Excel compatible file generation, etc.
o Red colour: Error message, like transfer broken, erroneous
files, data, etc.

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• Remote Status Bar: “Station: StTest-4 Life: 0m”

Actual Station on remote instrument (Stations are like folders, to
group measurements, read more at Edit Parameters Page).
• Remote Date-Time Bar: “Time in Slave: 2007.01.12. 21.22.33”
S E T S L A V E
Date and time in Remote instrument, if connected. Format:
D A T E T I M E
YYYY.MM.DD. HH.MM.SS
• Right-click Remote Date-
You can synchronize date and time in Lea instrument if you right
Time Bar
click the Remote Date-Time Bar, and answer yes to the question.
• Answer Yes

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Introduction Page
L E A . E X E

I N T R O P A G E

• Local Measurement

• Remote Measurement

• Control Lea Instrument

Lea.exe Introduction page Fig. 8.

On the Introduction Page you have the following options:

• Select Local Measurement: enter here if you want to watch and
manage formerly measured and imported measurements. These
measurements must be in the RES directory, just under the
LEAKAGE directory, where Lea.exe resides.
Leakage\RES\StationName\MeasurementFiles
• Select Remote Measurement: enter here if you want to watch and
manage measurements from a Lea instrument. First you have to
make successful connection and login to this instrument.
Measurement files are cached in REM directory under the
LEAKAGE directory, where Lea.exe resides.
Leakage\REM\StationName\MeasurementFiles
• Control Lea Instrument: Starting, continuing measurements,
starting calibration, and other remote functions available in this
menu-point. Connection to Lea instrument required.

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Select Local Measurement

L E A . E X E

L O C A L M E A S

• Select Station

• Select Measurement

• Make Collection

• Generate Excel
Compatible text file

• Delete Measurement file

Select Local Measurement Page Fig. 9.

On Select Local Measurement Page you have the following options:

• Select Station: If more then one station exist, then user has the
possibility to select one of them. Stations are like folders; they group
the measurements (read more at Edit Parameters Page).
• Select Measurement: Measurement list-box shows the
measurements in selected Station.
• View Measurement: Button is only enabled if measurement result
is correct. Pushing the button takes to the View Result Page, where
you can see measurement results detailed.
• Copy to list: Add selected measurement to the collection list-box.
User can make various tasks with the measurements in collection.
Measurements can be added one-by-one, if the measurement result
is correct. Else Copy button remains disabled.
• Remove from collection: Selected measurements can be removed
with the Remove button from the selection list-box. Multi-selection
is enabled here.
• Generate Excel Compatible text file: Button is only visible if any
measurement in Collection list-box. All the collected measurements
are converted to Excel compatible text files. Files will be stored in
Leakage\RES\StationName\Excel
directory. In case of Remote Selection the directory name is:
Leakage\REM\StationName\Excel
where Leakage is the home directory of Lea.exe, StationName is the
name of actual Station.

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Three Excel compatible files are generated for every measurement:

• LsssYYMM.txp text parameter file
The parameter file contains the most important information of the
measurement, like identifiers, serial number, station name, start date
and time, used channels, sensitivity, time base, sampling time, bin
parameters, version of the Lea software, etc.
• LsssYYMM.txr text result file
The result file contains all the results of the measurement, including
the results of the external channels too. This is a great big table with
maximum of 176 columns and approximately up to 6000 lines, so
about 1.056.000 cells.
• LsssYYMM.txd text result diminished file
Diminished result files for faster charting:
The diminished text result file is generated because the result text
file can be so big that evaluating it would be too complicated. For
this reason Lea generates a practically compressed table with only
about 400 lines. This table can be used rather for source of charts,
because it does not contain the original information.
See more about Excel files in Appendix G.
• Delete Measurement: Button is only visible if any measurements
in Collection list-box. All the collected measurements are deleted
permanently. So please, be careful with this button.

Select Remote Measurement

L E A . E X E

R E M O T E M E A S

• Select Station

• Select Measurement

• Make Collection

• Generate Excel
Compatible text file

• Delete Measurement files

• Copy Measurement files

Select Remote Measurement Page Fig. 10.

On Select Remote Measurement Page you have the same options as on the
Select Local Measurement Page. Please read details there. Difference:

• Copy File(s) to Local: Button is only visible if any measurements

in Collection list-box. All the collected measurements are copied to
the local directory, making it possible to browse the results off-line.

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View Results
L E A . E X E

V I E W R E S U L T

• Tables

• Scope

• Result

View Measurement Page Fig. 11.

On View Measurement Page you can see the parameters of the measurement
on the left side tab-sheets, like:
• Channels sheet
• Parameters sheet
• Advanced parameters sheet
• Meteorological parameters sheet
Pointing with the mouse onto the curves, you will see the actual point
parameters in the Information Bar.

With the buttons you can select among the displayed data. We have two
momentary value pages:
• Tables:
• Scope

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Tables

Tables Page Fig. 12.

On Tables Page you can see momentary values of measurement data, like
charge, maximum, effective value, number of pulses in racks. Diary file of
measurement is shown up as well, if button pushed. You have the following
options:
• Diary of Measurement: If button down (pushed state) then you
will see the diary, else continuous-dotted results.
• Refresh Diary List: Pushing the button refreshes the diary from
remote.
• Scope: Takes to the Scope Page
• Other buttons: Show the measurement result file data.

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Scope

Scope Page Fig. 13.

On Scope Page you see the channels momentary shapes like on a ten-
channel oscilloscope. Right click the Shape Button, or Trigger Button to
open Trigger Parameters form.

Trigger Parameters Form Fig. 14.

Triggering is necessary to find defined parts of the input signals. Trigger

condition is met, if the signal amplitude on Trigger Source channel oversteps
the Trigger Level value. Curve will start Trigger Delay before this trigger
moment. The method is called pre-triggering, because you will see even the
part of the signal before the triggering moment..
Trigger Delay: Set the percent where you want the trigger moment. In case
of 50% the trigger moment will be in the middle of the curve. Suggested
value around 20%
Trigger Level: At this amplitude level, at trigger moment will be the
reference point, of the record. This will be at Trigger Delay position on the
recorded curve of Lea-7.

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Trigger Source: If All Channels selected, then every channel will trigger
itself. Else the Trigger Source channel will trigger all the inputs,
independently of the magnitude of the signals on the other channesl.
Clear: Will reset the trigger logic, clear the screen and wait for the trigger
condition.
Trigger Modes:
• Auto Mode: Refreshes the curves time-by-time, independently from
the input signal. Allows continuous monitoring of the signal.
• Trigger Mode: Refreshes the curves every time when the absolute
value of the signal steps over a prescribed limit. So you will see
always the last curve, overstepping the limit.
• Single Mode: Draws the curve only once, when the absolute value
of the signal steps over the prescribed limit. It only draws once, so
you will always see the first signal, overstepping the limit.
• If more then one station exist, then user has the possibility to select
one of them. Stations are like folders, they group the measurements
(read more at Edit Parameters Page).
Resetting trigger by left mouse click on the Scope Button. Display is cleared
and Lea waits for trigger event, if not in Auto Mode.

TriggerDelay = 20%:

TriggerDelay = 60%:

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Edit Parameters Page

L E A . E X E

E D I T P A R A M S

• Select Functions like in

Remote Measurements

• Set Measurement
Parameters to start new
measurement

Edit Parameters Page Fig. 15.

Here you can set the parameters of a new measurement or calibration. You
can use the left part of the form (Parameters tab-sheets) to change parameter
values. Use the edit controls and up/down arrows to change to desired
values.

The sheets in the middle and right help you to see all the parameters
together, but do not let you change values there.

Controls:
• Start New Measurement: Starts measurement with actual
parameters. See details later.
• Continue Last Measurement: Continues last measurement, Continue Last
independently from the parameters on the sheets. Last measurement Measurement, to
can be identified from the selection page as “Actual”. continue interrupted
If you had to interrupt a measurement then this is the possibility to measurement
continue it later. This applies only to the very lastly started
measurement. Once you started another measurement you are not
able to continue the former ones.
Even if the duration of the measurement is over, then you cannot
continue it.
The program will continue the last measurement synchronously, so
it waits for the moment in which the next sampling, the next saving
of the results should be carried out. It also shows the remaining time
continuously till that moment is reached. Then the software finds
out how many results should have been saved since the
measurement was interrupted. The program appends the calculated
number of results to the result files, filled up with all zeroes and
continues collecting the data.

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• Start Calibration: Starts calibration with the parameters on the

sheets.
Calibrate is a test function for the Lea system. It is exactly like a real
measurement, with the same functions, but the following
differences:
o The parameters, which you set for Calibration will not be
saved for the next session like at a real measurement.
o The measurement will not be offset compensated, so any
errors of the input analogue circuits will be demonstrated.
Else Leakage.exe will eliminate even gross errors of the DC
offset.
o No result files are generated, the measured results will be
lost.
Channel Parameters:
• Station: Serves for grouping the measurements. Maximum
8 characters, no spaces allowed. It is like a folder, measurements will
be stored appended to it.
Really it will be a folder, result files are stored in res or rem folders, depending on
whether they are from the remote station or locally stored. Below these folders you
will find the station folders. They have the same names as the stations. In
stations folder you will see the measurements.
Storage of the measurement file for local files:
Leakage\RES\StationName\Lsssyymm.liz
directory. In case of Remote result the directory name is:
Leakage\REM\StationName\ Lsssyymm.liz
where
o Leakage is the home directory of Lea.exe,
o StationName is the name of actual Station.
o sss is the serial number of mesasurement
o yy is the year of the measurement
o mm is the month of measurement
For this reason:
o You can have more measurement in the same station with
the same serial number, if year and month are different.
These are the long time measurement, which restart at every
month-turn-over (see Appendix C for details).
o You can not start a new measurement with the same serial
number if already measured, even if the month and year are
different. It can happen only automatically at long time
measurements.
o You can have more measurement with the same serial
number in separate stations.
o Take care; do not start measurements on different Lea Do not start
systems where the station names and serial numbers are measurement with the
identical. You cannot correct it later, results might be same station names and
overwritten. To avoid it, it is advisable to use one serial numbers on
Stationname only for one Lea system. different Lea systems!
• Serial number: Measurement serial number. If you do not change
it, then it will be incremented automatically every time you start a
new measurement.

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• Identifier of measurement: Maximum 32 character long string,

memo to the measurement.
• Measurement started on: The date and time of starting will be
written here.
• Channel identifiers: Maximum 16 character long strings, memo for
the measured samples. For example material code, type of insulator,
etc.

Editing Parameters Tab Page Fig. 16.

Parameters:
• Scanned Channels: First and last channel number. First is always 1.
• R*Ampl.Gain: Taking into consideration the value of the
measuring resistor and the gain of the ground noise suppresser. The
standard values in Lea-7 are R = 10 Ω and 51 Ω, A = 1. So the
standard R*Ampl.Gain value is 10.0, or 51.0.
• LSB [mA]: Calculated value, not editable. The LSB value of
measured currents.
• IRange [mA]: The measuring range of currents. Depends on the
amplifier gain. You can set it with the up/down arrows. Possible
gains are 1*, 2*, 4*, 8*, 16*.
• Threshold [mA]: Below this amplitude value the currents are
counted as zero. No data is evaluated below this amplitude limit.
This helps to suppress noises.
• A/D TimeBase[µs]: Timebase of the A/D converter. Best to
leave it at 16 µsec.
• Ch. TimeBase[µs]: Calculated value, A/D TimeBase * number of
channels.
• Sampling[sec], or [min]: A very important quantity, results are Set Sampling to fill out
stored every sampling period to the result file. You can change the the expected full
sampling unit by checking or un-checking the min checkbox. measuring time.

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• Max. TestTime[day]: Maximum length of the measurement,

depends on the Sampling period. Reaching the end, measurement
stops automatically.
If you need very long measurements, then you should check the
MonthRestart property on Advanced Parameters tab-sheet. In this
case measurement restarts with a new name every month
automatically (see Appendix C for details).
• Rack Levels [mA]: Current pulses will be counted and sorted into
amplitude bins. You set the ranges of these bins here.

Editing Advanced Parameters Tab Page Fig. 17.

Advanced Parameters:
• Continuous Measurement: If checked then measurement restarts
automatically at every month-turn-over, with a different name. For
example starting a continuous measurement in November 2006,
with serial number 012 will create the following result files till
January 2007, because of restarting at month-turnover
(Lsssyymm.liz) (see Appendix C for details):
o L0120611.liz
o L0120612.liz
o L0120701.liz
o etc.
• DC Test: Leakage.exe compensates the DC offset of input channels
automatically, to improve performance. If DC Test checkbox is
checked then Leakage.exe will not compensate DC offset.
• SoftGen test: For testing purposes. If checked, then Leakage.exe
takes input signals from a software signal generator instead of the
A/D converters.
• No automatic restart in case of dropout: If measurement is
interrupted by a mains or supply dropout, then Leakage.exe might
continue the measurement automatically if this checkbox is not
checked.

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Start New Measurement

Suggested method to start a new measurement:
S T A R T

• Control Lea Instrument button on the Introduction Page N E W M E A S

• Select parent measurement. Parameters of this parent measurement • Select parent measurement
will be the base to the new measurement. It makes it easier to set
• Change parameters
parameters by a former sample. Once found then:
• Set Measurement Parameters button to set edit mode. • Start New Meas.

• Set desired parameters.

• Check all parameters on all sheets for correct parameters.
• Start New Measurement button starts measurement

Measurement Started Page Fig. 18.

After pushing the Start New Measurement button Lea.exe synchronizes old
and changed parameters. Leakage.exe checks parameters and sends message
onto the Information Bar about the result.

If everything found correct, then measurement starts with correction of

analogue offset. Actual state is displayed in blue on Information Bar, as seen
on figure above.

Once finished with offset compensation, program joins measurement

automatically. In case you leave measurement then you will find yourself at
the same page, with the following controls:

• Join Measurement: If pushed then Lea.exe asks for actual

measurement parameters from Lea instrument. Then it joins
measurement, and you will see the actual measured values like in
View Results Page.
• Stop Measurement: This command stops the actual measurement.
You can continue it with the Continue Last Measurement button.

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• Logout: Will log you out, and you can continue working with
Lea.exe offline, or connect to another Lea instrument. You can also
logout anytime by clicking the Connection Bar.

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Tree Command Structure of Lea.exe

In case Lea instrument is not measuring:

• Introduction Page
o Control Lea Instrument
Set Measurement Parameters
• Start New Measaurement
• Continue Last Measurement
• Start Calibration
View Measurement
Generate Excel File(s)
Delete File(s) from Remote
Copy Files(s) from Remote
o Select Remote Measurement
View Measurement
Generate Excel File(s)
Delete File(s) from Remote
Copy Files(s) from Remote
o Select Local Measurement
View Measurement
Generate Excel File(s)
Delete File(s) from Local
In case Lea instrument is measuring:

• Measurement Started Page

o Join Measurement
The same as in View Measurement
o Stop Measurement
o Logout

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Appendix A
Quick Installation of Lea-7
Lea-7 must be installed at a protected place, because of the high voltage
I N S T A L L I N G
shock hazard. Lea-7 can be powered from a 100V AC mains, or 12V DC
L E A - 7 S Y S T E M
supply.
• Install Lea-7 Hardware

• Install Lea.exe onto

Commander Computer

• Connect with wireless

Lea-7 System Schematics Fig. 19.

Open Lea-7 and install a suitable, double isolated mains cable. The cable
should be connected like the sample mains cable.

If supplying from 12 Volts, please use delivered socket. Connection

instructed on the bottom drawing.

Lea-7 is communicating with the Commander Computer through wireless.

For this reason the aerials should “see” each other, and the distance should
be less then 30 meters.

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Extreme high voltages and currents might occur while measuring high Before measuring with
voltage insulators with Lea-7. Before starting high voltage measurement high voltage:
please read suggestions in the Measuring Considerations chapter. Please read Measuring
Considerations in
Appendix B

Lea-7 Input Centre Fig. 20.

Software Installation I N S T A L L I N G

L E A - 7
The Commander Computer must be a PC, with wireless interface and
Windows XP, or compatible operating system. H A R D W A R E

• Screw the aerial onto the

The operating software does not need special installation. Create a Leakage
right side of Lea-7
directory and just copy the program files into the directory. The result files
will be stored below this Leakage directory. The necessary files: • Connect to AC or DC
Supply
• Lea.exe the user program
• Lea.ini the configuration constants
• ResDlls.res, UnzDll.dll, ZipDll.dll necessary DLLs

S E T T I N G
In Lea.ini you find the following definitions:
L E A . I N I
[Com] Com section, for test purposes
• Set the desired LeaName
Settings=Com1:115200,No,8,1
strings. No spaces allowed
[System] • Do not modify
ConnectionMode=IPX Must be IPX
RemoteHost IP addresses

[IPX]
RemoteHost1=192.168.11.51 IP addresses of the Lea-7 systems
RemoteHost2=192.168.12.52
RemoteHost3=192.168.13.53
RemoteHost4=192.168.1.102
RemotePort=10001
LeaName1=Lea7-0601 Name for the various systems

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LeaName2=Lea7-0602
LeaName3=Lea7-0603
LeaName4=ForthLea
ActualLea=1

Leaa.exe will pair the first system, with IP address of RemoteHost1 with the
LeaName1 value, the second IP address with the second, and so on.

You can define any names in LeaName, please do not use special characters
or space. The name will only be used for Lea-7 instrument selection combo,
displayed on the right top of the Lea.exe form.

Acceptable names like:

LeaName1=Lea7-0601 Name for the various systems

LeaName1=LaboratoryLea7
LeaName1=Lea7-AtOffice
LeaName1=Lea7-AtService
C O N N E C T
Connecting Lea-7 to Commander Computer
W I R E L E S S
• Apply aerial on Lea-7
The Commander Computer must be a PC, with wireless interface and
• Switch on Lea-7
Windows XP, or compatible operating system.
• Switch on Commander
Computer
Find the wireless setting program in CC and scan for available wireless • Scan CC for available
interfaces. It should be similar to the following Intel PROSet utility: wireless networks
• Locate Lea-7-xxxx
networks
• Set wireless network
connection TCP/IP
properties to auto
• Start Lea.exe and control
Lea-7

A typical wireless interface Fig. 21.

You should look for names Lea7-ssss, where ssss is the serial number of the You can connect only to
system. Select the desired Lea-7 system and choose connect. You can one Lea-7 system at one
connect only to one Lea-7 system at one time. time.

After the wireless connection is made, the next task is setting the TCP/IP
layer.

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Open Control Panel/Network Connections/Wireless Network

Connection/Properties/Internet Protocol (TCP-IP) and set everything to
automatic.

Setting the TCP/IP properties of the Wireless Connection Fig. 22.

Now you are ready to start Lea.exe program and control Lea-7 system from
it. For this reason you should choose one system with the Lea-7 selection
scroll down menu (see Fig.4).

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C H A N G E

C O N N E C T I O N
• On wireless interface
control select another
Lea-7 and connect to it
• On Lea.exe change Lea-7
selector to the same Lea-7

Controls of Connections Fig. 23.

To change the connection to another Lea-7 you have to start with the
wireless layer. Get the wireless interface and select another Lea-7. Select
connect. If wireless connected then you can change the Lea-7 selector on
Lea.exe to the appropriate Lea-7 name.

If everything goes right then Lea.exe will connect to the selected Lea-7
system, and the connection indicator will rotate and change colours.

In case of problems while connecting please check followings: In case of connection

• Intel PROSet or similar scan and connection correct problems
• Intel PROSet or similar connected to the right Lea-7 system
• Your wireless network connection TCP-IP address matches the
desired Lea-7 IP address, that means the first three numbers are the
same on both system, the forth is different.
• Lea.exe is set to connect to the desired Lea-7 system. You can check
the searched IP address if you move mouse over the pull-down
selection combo, hint will show information as below.

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Calibration
Once you got Lea-7 connected with the Commander Computer through
wireless then you can make test measurements connecting the calibration
output to one of the input channels.

The calibration output gives out ±10 mA or ±100 mA amplitude, 50 Hz

smoothed square signal. Since this is a current generator, it can only supply
one channel at one time. More channels will share the current quasi-equally.

Changing the level with an inner switch, see figure below.

Switch for Calibration Signal

Level,
down: 10mA, up: 100mA

Lea-7 Inside, Calibration Level Switch Fig. 24.

If calibration output can supply the prescribed current, then the Calibration Calibration LED to
LED lights. If the load resistor is above 40 Ω, then calibrator can only supply check trustworthy of
the 10 mA signal. At lower resistor value (10 Ω) it can give out both level calibration
currents correctly.

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You can start a measurement or a calibration to check the system. The

difference between them is that calibration does not create result file and
does not make automatic offset correction. So you can also notice DC input
shifts problems.

See instructions about starting measurement in the Starting Measurement

caption.

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Appendix B
Measuring Considerations for Lea-7
High Voltage Measuring
High Voltage Measurements can be dangerous both for user and equipment.
H I G H
To avoid hazardous shocks the following orders should be performed.
V O L T A G E
Shock hazard is caused by T E S T

• High voltage, in case of break-through: • Use large ground surfaces

In case of flash over of insulators the high voltage gets onto the low • Use one-point common
voltage side and might get into the instrument, close to the user. To ground
avoid this we • Use short, wide, flat
o Apply input protectors grounding cables
o Isolate Lea-7 instrument from user side. • In case of high voltage
with high capacity:
Wireless data transfer
• Use isolated battery
Built-in isolator transformer (up to 5000V only!) or external isolation
In case of high voltage measurements it is advisable to use transformer for mains
supply
o External Protection
• Use External
o External Isolation Transformer, or Protection
o Isolated 12VDC battery supply • Use Current
Limiting Resistor
• High current, in case of break-through. These currents might reach
even a few thousand amperes, with extreme high rising slope (a
few µs). This is mainly caused by capacitances of the circuit
o Inner capacitors of the high voltage transformer
o External capacitors, like voltage dividers, or other
measuring objects.
High slope, high value currents might cause high voltages on the
grounding cabling. Avoiding of this effect can be achieved if
• Using low capacitors in the measuring circuit
• Inserting Current Limiting Resistor to decrease
maximum current. Resistor must be inserted after the
measuring and other capacitors.
• Using External Protection
• Using great surface, very good, one-point, common
ground.
• Using wide, flat, short grounding cables.
Original Lea-7 arrangement can be used up to a few tens of kilovolts, in case
the short circuit current of the supply does not overstep 10 A, and there is
no big capacitor puffering the supply voltage, like capacitive voltage
measuring divider. In every case grounding is the key-word, see grounding
considerations elsewhere.

The distance of the Commander Computer and Lea-7 should be big enough
to prevent the Commander Computer and user in case a break-through from
the high voltage which can get to Lea-7 in fatal cases.

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On following drawing you can see a typical installation arrangement for every Arrangement for all-
purpose. It is usable in most cases for insulator tests, if assembled purpose high voltage
thoughtfully. measurement

A typical installation arrangement of Lea-7 system Fig. 25.

Start with choosing a good ground surface. A large area plate is the optimal Large grounding plate
solution. This should be connected to a very good ground and should be as
close to the low end of the high voltage supply as possible (just below the
transformer, if possible). In this case the break-through currents are forced
to flow back to the source the shortest way. Connect supply low end to this
plate. Use one big screw (One-Point Common Ground) for all the
significant groundings.

Continuous metal plate under the high voltage objects Fig. 26.

Next connect Lea-7 to the one-point common ground. Grounding wire Flat, short braid
should have very small resistance, use flat, braid grounding copper wire, grounding copper wire
minimum width 20 mm. Make two holes in the braid and pull them on

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the grounding screws. Tighten thoroughly both grounding screws on

Lea-7. Use as short and as wide braid as possible.

Grounding suggestion (with a home-made braid) Fig. 27.

The ground potential of the Input Centre can increase in case the sample breaks through
and extremely high current flows from the HV supply though the sample into Lea-7 and
then out of the ground screws into the main ground. The impedance of the circuit only limits
the magnitude of the current. The capacitance of the transformer helps supplying this
current for a while.

For this reason we suggest to use a Current limiting protector resistor. This Protecting water-resistor
can be done from a plastic tube (φ20 to φ50 mm), filled with salty water. limits current spike.
With salt concentration the resistor value can be tuned. It is advisable to limit
the shortcut current below 10 A.

Protecting water resistor Fig. 28.

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Lea-7 systems are developed to bear harsh, industrial environment. For this The external protector
reason we have never had to repair any of them, they all work fine in arrangement is only
continuous measuring tasks for years and years. Still you should take care needed, if the probable
using your system. Protection of the inputs is solved with Epcos made surge break-through current
arresters type A81-C90X. They can bare 20kA short pulses (8usec/20usec) oversteps the
about 10 times and 20A for 1second about 5 times. specifications of the input
protection.

Thick wires to Thin wires to

insulator low side Lea-7 input

Air-gap between
Insulator 0.5÷1 mm
mounting plates

~1, 1.5 mm thick,

Grounding braid 10mm wide
copper band bronze plates

Min.3 mm thick, min 25mm

wide copper plate

Protector arrangement suggestion Fig. 29.

In case you overstep these limits we suggest to use external protection.

Summary of Grounding Suggestions

• Use short, flat, braid grounding copper wire, minimum width

20 mm for groundings.
• Have a great metal plate below the measuring objects, like
transformer, to ensure homogenous ground potential.
• Connect the low potential of the test transformer high voltage
winding only to a big, One-point-ground screw on the above
metal plate. No other connections for the transformer low side
allowed!
• Connect the optional external air gaps to this One-point-ground
screw with a wide, flat braid grounding wire..
• Use Current Limiting Resistor in case of high current hazards.
• Lea-7: Make two holes in the braid and pull them on the grounding
screws. Tighten thoroughly both grounding screws. Connect it to
the One-point-earth.

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Appendix C
Measuring Method for Long Time
Measurements
If the user wants to measure leakage currents for an extraordinary long time,
then the 6000 points, which are offered for 10 channels, might be
insufficient. Even if the measurement continues for indefinitely long time, a
different method should be used.

If the MonthRestart property is set, then Lea-Soft starts a new measurement

every month-turn automatically. For example if you start a measurement in
November 2006 with serial number 24, with MonthRestart=1, then the
following result file will be created:

L0240611.liz

The measurement will be continued till the 30th of November 2006. After
midnight, on the 1st of December at the first saving of the results Lea-Soft
mentions the new month and finishes the actual measurement and starts
automatically the next one with the same parameters and serial number. The
results will be saved under the name:

L0240612.liz

The next change will come at the end of the month, on the 1st of January
2007. Measurement with results in

L0240701.liz

result file will be started.

Starting Long Time Measurement

High Voltage Measurements can be started as seen on figure below.
L O N G T I M E

You have to check the Continuous Measurement checkbox on Advanced M E A S

Parameters tab-sheet. In this case the No Automatic Restart in Case of • Check Continuous
Dropout checkbox is cleared automatically, and is not enabled to be checked. Measurement on
Advanced Parameters
This is understandable, a long time measurement should not stop because of
a mains dropout. • Set Sampling long enough
for a whole month
The other parameter is the Sampling and Sampling Unit checkbox. You have • Start Measureemnt
to set it to a value which result in a Max.Test Time long enough for a whole
month, it means longer then 31.1 days.

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Setting parameters for long time measurements Fig. 30.

In diary file you can see automatic monthrestart happens:

Automatic restart at the beginning of the month in diary Fig. 31.

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Appendix D
Description of the measuring parameters
Before starting a new measurement or calibration the user should set the
parameters of the measurement. The meaning of the parameters is as
follows:

• First: shows the first channel of the measurement. The input

scanner on the A/D card starts with this channel and continues
always with the next until it reaches the last channel. Lea-Soft sets
the first channel always to 1.
• Last: the last channel of the measurement.
• R*AmplGain: for taking into consideration the value of the
measuring resistor and the gain of the ground-noise suppresser.
The standard values are R = 10 ohms, A = 1. So the standard R*A
value is 10.0.
• Sensitivity: the resolution of the leakage current in the Lea system.
This is the LSB ( least significant bit ) value of the A/D converter.
Any result can be the multiple of this value. It is affected by the
R*AmplGain and the gain of the preamplifier.
The value can be calculated by formula:
1
Sensitivity =
4 * RAmplGain * ADGain
where ADGain is the gain of the A/D converter, from 1 to 16.
• I Range: the complete range of A/D converter. While the A/D
converter has 12 bits, so the I Range is equal the Sensitivity
multiplied by 4096.
• Threshold: no data is accounted below this value. This value
should be set right above the environmental and A/D system
noises. If the threshold level is too small the continuous noises will
fill the measured results with incorrect values. If the threshold level
is too high you might lose important small level data.
• A/D Time Base: the A/D converter provides result at this
period. Can be set from 16 µseconds to 1000 µseconds.
• Ch Time Base: the channels are sampled at this period. While the
system has only one A/D converter which scans the channels the
Ch Time Base will be
ChTimeBase = NumOfCh * ADTimeBase
where NumOfCh is the number of measured channels, which
equals the above “Last” factor.
• Sampling: Is the time period of saving the collected results to the
result file. In case the INI file does not allow automatic restarting
the measurement at the start of the month then this sampling value
determines the expected maximum time duration of the
measurement. After the “Max test time” is reached the
measurement is stopped. Sampling time from 1 second upwards to

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1000 minutes. The unit of the sampling can be set in the INI file
System section, SamplingUnit item.
• Max Test Time: determined by the limited amount of data the
system can evaluate. The value can be calculated by the formula:
30000 * Sampling
MaxTestTime =
NumOfCh
where NumOfCh is the number of measured channels, which
equals the above “Last” factor.
• RackLevs: The ranges of the five so-called bins, where the leakage
pulses are sorted by their amplitude levels. The identifier value of
the bin always shows the lower limit of the amplitude range. The
highest bin starts at the identifier value of the bin and finishes at
the maximum convertible value, which is I Range

The trigger parameters do not affect the measured results.

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Appendix E
Parameter and result files
While measuring Lea-Soft collects a large amount of data. The results are
stored in different files and are compressed into one result file every time a
measurement is finished and uncompressed when Lea-Soft needs them
again. This is useful because the compressed results will occupy significantly
less disk place compared to the original result files.

Lea-Soft generates or stores the following files in the compressed result file
( sss: serial number, YY: starting year, MM: starting month of the
measurement ):

Lsss.ini copy the actual INI file of the Lea system when the
measurement was started

Lsss.par general parameter file of the measurement. Measuring

parameters and most of the actual settings and results of
the measurement are stored here, like the data for curves
page, for leakage table, for continuous-dotted table, etc.
Lea-Soft checks this file to see which monthly,
automatically restarted measurements belong to the
actual measurement group. ( for example L0249711.liz,
L0249712.liz, L0249801.liz belong to the measurement
serial number 24, started in November 1997, continued
till the January of 1998. )

LsssYYMM.par month parameter file of the measurement number sss.

There might be more month parameter files in the same
compressed result file in case the measurement is
restarting automatically at month start. The general
parameter file of the measurement always contains the
same information as the last month parameter file.

LsssYYMM.dry month diary file of the measurement number sss. There

might be more month diary, as described above. The last
month diary file always contains the former diary files
too. These files are text files, which can be read by the
user directly.

LsssYYMM.res month result file of the measurement number sss. There

might be more month results, as described above. The
result file contains the parameters of the measurement
and the collected results of all the active channels.

LsssYYMM.met month meteo file of the measurement number sss. There

might be more month meteo files, see above. This file
contains the data of the external environmental channels.

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Appendix F
Description of Collected Data
Lea-Soft is able to collect 176 parameters of the measurement at the selected
speed continuously for undefined time period. The data is stored to the

Res\Station

subdirectory in the Leakage directory. Station is the name of the station

which collects the data.

The data saving time period is called Sampling.

In extreme circumstances it can happen that a continuos film is generated on

the surface of the insulators. In this case the current is not flowing on the
surface of the insulator, it will flow in the water-film on the surface. Lea-Soft
is able to distinguish between the two types of currents. The one, which
flows in the continuous water film is called continuous current, the other,
which is the real true leakage current is called dotted current.

The next output parameters of each channel are saved to the result files
every Sampling time. One notice: the quantities in course of the following
description will always be generated from the absolute value of the current.
Some of the values are stored in logarithmic form, because they exceed the
magnitude ranges of the normal storage.

Maximum: maximum value of the leakage current in the actual

sampling period.

Sum: sum value of the collected currents from the start of the
measurement till the end of the measurement. This is a
charge type quantity.

EvalCntr
Sum = ∑ ( I n)
n =1

where Sum is the summed value of the measured

current, In is the data from the A/D converter, EvalCntr
is the number of A/D cycles in the actual sampling
period.

Effective: square average of the currents, normalised by time, gives

an average effective value of the current in the actual
sampling period.

EvalCntr
EffValue= ∑ ( I 2n)/ EvalCntr
n =1

where EffValue is the effective value of the actual

channel, In is the measured data of the A/D converter,

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EvalCntr is the number of A/D cycles in the actual

sampling period.

5 Racks: number of pulses in the five amplitude racks in the actual

sampling period.

ContTime: the total time of the continuous currents in the actual

sampling period. That continuous current signal, which is not
finished in the actual sampling period is taking into
consideration in the period which it finishes. In case the
system is a Merry-Go-Round system Lea-Soft divides this time
by the number of spins to get the average time of continuous
currents in one spin.

ContMax: maximum value of the continuous currents in the actual

sampling period.

ContInt: the sum of the square of the continuous currents in the

actual sampling period.

EvalCntr
ContInt = ∑ (I
n =1
cont
2)
n

ContSum: the sum of the measured continuous currents in the

actual sampling period.

EvalCntr
ContSumm = ∑ (I
n =1
cont n)

DottTime: the total time of the dotted currents in the actual sampling
period. In case the system is a Merry-Go-Round system,
Lea-Soft divides this time by the number of spins, to get the
average time of dotted currents in one spin.

DottMax: maximum value of the dotted currents in the actual

sampling period.

DottInt: the sum of the square of the dotted currents in the actual
sampling period.

EvalCntr
DottInt = ∑ (I
n =1
dotted
2)
n

DottSum: the sum of the measured dotted currents in the actual

sampling period.

EvalCntr
DotSumm = ∑ (In =1
dotted n)

Periods: the number of leakage current packets. After a

considerable current there must be silence for at least
10 seconds to increment this counter. In Merry-Go-Systems it
is counting the revolutions of the wheel.

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Appendix G
Excel Compatible Result Files
The great amount of data collected by the Lea system is practical to evaluate
with the MS Excel® demonstration software. The result files can be
converted by Lea-Soft to the following Excel compatible files:

• LsssYYMM.txp text parameter file

• LsssYYMM.txr text result file

• LsssYYMM.txd text result diminished file

Sample parameter file:

Station: CRIEPI
MeasSerNum: 99
Identifier: This is a tests measurement
ChIdentifiers: PWQ-345 PWQ-345 X3/333 75kV X3/222 VGloria
StartDate: 1996.11.04.
StartTime: 16:22:10
LastFile from: 1996.11.04. 16:22:10
FirstChannel: 1
LastChannel: 10
Sensitivity: 0.016 mA
I Range(+-): 32 mA
Threshold: 0.25 mA
A/D TimeBase: 32 usec
Ch TimeBase: 320 usec
Sampling: 1 sec
Max Test Time: 0 days
Rack1 Level: 1.2 mA
Rack2 Level: 2.5 mA
Rack3 Level: 5 mA
Rack4 Level: 12.5 mA
Rack5 Level: 25 mA
VersionNo: 6.02
RAmpFactor: 10
Points: 81

The parameter file contains the most important information of the

measurement, like identifiers, serial number, station name, start date and
time, used channels, sensitivity, time base, sampling time, bin parameters,
version of the Lea software, etc.

The result file contains all the results of the measurement, including the
results of the external channels too. This is a great big table with maximum
of 176 columns and approximately 6000 lines, so about 1.056.000 cells.

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While the result file contains so many points it is quite hard and long-winded
to handle them. For this reason Lea-Soft creates diminished file This file
contains maximum 800 points and tries to group the results to be near
400 points. This is done by getting the maximum or average or sum of
neighboring points.

This method is very useful for making demonstrative charts. It will look
exactly the same as the one, which was created out of the result file, but can
be produced in much shorter time.

On the other hand if you want to get numerical information about the
measuring you should rather use the result file.

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