UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

ACADEMIC YEAR 2021/2022

MAY 2021 TRIMESTER

FINAL ASSESSMENT

UEBA1353 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE I

SATURDAY, 18 SEPTEMBER 2021 TIME: 2.00 PM – 5.00 PM (3 HOURS)

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) ARCHITECTURE

Instructions to Candidates:

REMINDER: You are reminded to read and adhere to the Final Assessment Instructions to
Candidates that has been made available through the UTAR Portal before the commencement
of Final Assessment (FA). The detailed instructions for this FA are as follows:

General

1. This Final Assessment (FA) is an Individual, time restricted assessment which consists of
FOUR (4) questions. Each question carries 10 marks.

2. You are required to answer ALL questions, and submit the ANSWER SCRIPT by
5.00 pm, 18 SEPTEMBER 2021.

3. During the period of 3 hours of this FA, the examiner(s) can be reached at
(a). Whatsapp via 0193615761, or
(b). Email: [email protected]
You may use the above e-platform(s) to check with the examiner(s) if you need any
clarification on this FA question paper.

4. You may refer to any books, lecture notes, published materials, online resources etc.
when answering the questions. Proper referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism. The
preferred referencing style is American Psychological Association (APA) / Harvard /
Chicago Manual. Candidates are reminded that Copy-and-Paste, Consultation,
Discussion and Sharing of Answers with others are STRICTLY PROHIBITED in this
FA.

Answer Script File

5. The answer script can be submitted in Microsoft Word file, PDF file or IMAGE file, in
A4 size format. Note: Please keep the file size NOT exceeding 30MB per file.

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UEBA1353 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE I

6. Please check your Index Number generated by the Division of Examinations, Awards,
and Scholarships (DEAS). You MUST name your answer script file using the following
file name for submission:
[Course Code]_FA_[Programme Abbreviation]_[Your Index Number]

For example, if you are from the degree programme AR, and your Index Number is
U99999EBARF, then your answer script should be named as:
UEBA1353_ FA_ AR_U99999EBARF.doc

Answer Script File Submission

7. Your answer script file has to be submitted to the following platform(s) before the due
time/date.
(a). Attach your answer script at WBLE
Note: Use your “1UTAR” email account to access the WBLE.

(b). Send your answer script to the course code email

[email protected]
Note: For the subject / title of your email, use the file name of your
answer script, i.e.,
UEBA1353_FA_AR_[Your Index Number]

8. Please make sure you submit the correct, complete and final version of your answer script
and the same copy of answer script file is to be submitted to the above platform(s).
Incomplete submissions or part-by-part submissions may not be accepted.

9. If multiple answer script files are received at WBLE within the due time/date, the latest
copy at WBLE will be chosen for marking. If there is no submission at WBLE, then
submission through course code email (within the due time/date) will be chosen for
marking. Answer scripts received after the due time/date might not be marked.

Contents of Answer Script

10. The first page of your submission is the Final Assessment Cover Page. You MUST use
the template given and fill in the following information
• Your Programme (Abbreviation)
• Your Index Number
• Your Name
• Your Student ID

11. The second page of your submission is the Final Assessment Declaration Statement.
You MUST use the template given, and digitally sign on the form to indicate the
authenticity of your submitted work is without plagiarism.

12. Each question should be answered starting on a new page. It must be answered according
to the sequence of the question.

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UEBA1353 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE I

13. For answer scripts that require / contain drawings, equations and calculations with short
text descriptions, you can hand-write your answers on a blank paper, and then use the
scanner apps in your smartphone (Scanner Document, CamScanner, Adobe Scanner etc.)
to take scanned copy, or you can type if necessary and include the scanned copy taken in
the Word document, as part of your submitted answers.

14. Please include a page number on each and every page of your answer script. Ensure that
each page of answer scripts is in sequence prior to online submission.

WARNING OF PLAGIARISM

15. Answer scripts shall be uploaded to Turnitin to check for the originality of submitted
answers. In the case of suspected plagiarism, the evidence will be submitted to the
Examination Disciplinary Committee of the University. Disciplinary action shall be taken
against any candidate who is found to have plagiarized in the answer submitted. Hence,
candidates are reminded to abide by all University Rules and Regulations and any
instructions/guidelines relating to examinations/assessments.

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UEBA1353 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE I

Q1. Egyptian Architecture: The Astronomical Alignment and Cardinal Principles of

Grand Egyptian Museum and the Pyramids

Refer to Figure 1a. Ancient Egyptian pyramids were usually built with subsidiary
structures and therefore had a number of associated architectural elements. The
concept of a pyramid complex shows each of the three large pyramids at Giza formed
part of such a complex, with its causeway running down to a valley temple some 500
m away to the east. Within a broad pattern of orientation in relation to the River Nile,
the three Giza pyramids were aligned to the astronomical Orion and cardinal points
with remarkable accuracy.

The Great Pyramid is that it is perfectly oriented to the four points of the compass.
The location of the Great Pyramid on the Earth is also incorporated within its
geometry as a reference. The overall dimensions of the Great Pyramid incorporate
measurements from which the Earth's size and shape can be calculated, as well as the
distance between the Earth and the moon and the distance between the Earth and the
sun.

Figure 1a. The concept and configuration of a Pyramid Complex.

(a) Refer to Figure 1a. Generally, discuss the cosmic order in determining site
orientation of the three pyramids. Illustrate where necessary. (5 marks)

Refer to Figure 1b. Proximity to this most powerful example of the Grand Egypt
Museum or GEM’s essential subject matter associates the site with the longevity of
the cultural achievement that belongs uniquely to Egypt.

The project site is imagined as a microcosm of the country of Egypt, with two primary
geographical features: the desert and the Nile River. The pyramids are located in the
desert on the plateau 2 Km from the museum site, while the site for the museum is
located both in the valley and on the plateau.

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UEBA1353 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE I

Q1. (Continued)

Figure 1b. Site orientation of GEM and the Pyramids.

(b) Refer to Figure 1b. Generally, discuss the axial orientation of GEM and the
Pyramids. Illustrate where necessary. (5 marks)
[Total : 10 marks]

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UEBA1353 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE I

Q2. Greece & Roman Architecture

Roman architecture was greatly influenced by Greece, but there was a lot of
differences as the Romans also diverged to form a separate uniqueness. The Romans
duplicated many of the Greek styles and modified them to suit their lifestyles. Greece
and Rome influences in the use of concepts, techniques, and styles that were founded
by the Greek classical ideal.

(a) The Classical orders describe the form and decoration of Greek and
later Roman columns. Name the Greek order and Roman order. Illustrate to
elucidate these column orders. (5 marks)

Figure 2. Parthenon, Greece (left) and Pantheon, Rome.

Architectural custom and design reveal the capability to connect different cultures
together over time and space. This is true of the bequest of architectural forms that
was made by the ancient Greeks and Romans (Figure 2). When considering the
ancient Greek and Roman ideals with distinctive similarities in their art, government,
monotheism, and architecture. The use of the city-state was invented by the Greeks
and followed by the Romans.

(b) Greek architects with its civilization came into being before Roman
civilization. Most of the architectures that were seen in the Roman civilization
have got traces of the Greek Architecture. Compare and contrast the
similarities & differences of Greek & Roman architecture with regards to their
forms and functions? (5 marks)
[Total : 10 marks]

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UEBA1353 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE I

Q3. Byzantine Architecture

Constantinople was the center of Byzantine trade and culture and was incredibly
diverse. The Byzantine Empire had an important cultural legacy, both on the
Orthodox Church and on the revival of Greek and Roman studies, which influenced
the Renaissance.

Early Byzantine architecture was built as a continuation of Roman architecture.

Stylistic drift, technological advancement, and political and territorial changes meant
that a distinct style gradually emerged which imbued certain influences from the Near
East and used the Greek cross plan in church architecture.

The single most imposing achievement of Byzantine architecture is the Church of

Holy Wisdom or Hagia Sophia, now a mosque (Figure 3). It was constructed in a
short span of five years (532–37) during the reign of Justinian.

Figure 3. Hagia Sophia’s exterior view (left) and interior view

(a) Rationalize that Hagia Sophia is the potent symbol in the aspects of religious,
political, and artistic life of the Byzantine world and today. (5 marks)

Gothic Architecture

Gothic Architecture is a pan-European style that lasted between the mid-12th Century
and the 16th Century. It is usually characterized as a style of masonry building that
makes heavy use of cavernous spaces with walls broken up by overlaid tracery,
Typical architectural features include pointed arch, rib vault and flying buttress.

(b) Rationalize and illustrate the structural significance of rib vaults and flying
buttress. (5 marks)
[Total : 10 marks]

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UEBA1353 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE I

Q4. Late Renaissance: Andrea Palladio

Refer to Figure 4. Andrea Palladio (1508–80) was "the most influential architect of
the whole Renaissance. Palladio was to transform the architectural style of both
palaces and churches by taking a different perspective on the notion of Classicism.

Palladio's ability to shape spaces, individually as well as in combination (which

inherently necessitates conceiving designs in the four dimensions of space-time), and
then to articulate those spaces masterfully using classical forms, is what ultimately
sets his work apart.

Figure 4. Andrea Palladio (left) and Sectional view of Villa Foscari

Near Venice, northern Italy, the Villa Foscari is designed by the Italian
architect Andrea Palladio. It is also nicknamed La Malcontenta. It was built between
1558 and 1560. It is located beside the Brenta canal and is raised on a pedestal, which
is characteristic of Palladio's villas; this pedestal is more massive than most of
Palladio's villas (the base is 11 feet or 3.5 meter high, more than twice the height
Palladio normally used) because it was not possible to construct a subterranean
basement on the site.

(a) Illustrate the Villa Foscari in Plan View and in Perspective. (4 marks)

(b) Analyze Villa Foscari using the principles of design. (3 marks)

(c) Write a short paragraph to render your point of view - the general impression
of Palladio’s body of design work with regards to the classical tradition
deriving from Greco-Roman genre in the highly revered principles of design,
form, symmetry and proportioning. Illustrate where necessary.
(3 marks)
[Total : 10 marks]
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This final assessment paper consists of 4-question on 8-printed page.