SEL Engineering Services, Inc.

ES Solution Guide
Fast Motor Bus Transfer Schemes

20220324

For information regarding this document, contact:

Author............................................................................................................Mahesh Katuru

2350 NE Hopkins Court Pullman, WA 99163-5603 USA Tel: +1.509.332.1890 www.selinc.com

This document, and all information contained herein, is proprietary to SEL ES. Any unauthorized use, distribution, or reproduction of this document (in whole or in
part) or of any information contained herein is specifically prohibited. This legend must appear on any authorized reproduction (in whole or in part).

SEL ES PROPRIETARY INFORMATION © 2022 by SEL ES (All rights reserved)

 TABLE OF REVISIONS

Revision
Date Description Author
Number

0 20220324 Initial issue Mahesh Katuru

All brand or product names appearing in this document are the trademark or registered trademark of their respective holders. No SEL trademarks may be used
without written permission. SEL products appearing in this document may be covered by U.S. and Foreign patents.
SEL products referred to in this report are manufactured by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. (SEL).

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 Table of Contents
Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................ vi
Introduction................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Objective ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Background .................................................................................................................................... 1
Technical Overview...................................................................................... 2
2.1 Fundamentals ................................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Scope of Application ..................................................................................................................... 2
2.2.1 Two-Breaker Scheme ............................................................................................................ 3
2.2.2 Three-Breaker Scheme .......................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Performance Requirements ............................................................................................................ 4
Solution Layout ............................................................................................ 6
3.1 Basic Layout of Major Components Involved in Solution ............................................................ 6
3.2 Solution Architecture ..................................................................................................................... 7
3.2.1 Fast Transfer .......................................................................................................................... 8
3.2.2 In-Phase Transfer ................................................................................................................... 8
3.2.3 Residual Transfer ................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Logic Diagrams, Flowcharts, or Pseudocode ................................................................................ 9
3.4 Overview of Solution BOM......................................................................................................... 10
3.5 Relay Selection ............................................................................................................................ 10
3.5.1 SEL-451 Relay..................................................................................................................... 10
3.5.2 SEL-700BT Relay ............................................................................................................... 11
Solution Example ....................................................................................... 13
4.1 Typical Application, Technical Requirements, and Constraints ................................................. 13
4.2 Layout of Major Components Involved in Solution .................................................................... 13
4.3 Configuration ............................................................................................................................... 17
4.3.1 Motor Bus Transfer Classification and Transfer Methods .................................................. 17
4.3.2 Closed Transition ................................................................................................................. 17
4.3.3 Open Transition ................................................................................................................... 18
4.3.4 Interlocks ............................................................................................................................. 20
4.3.5 Settings and Logic Diagram ................................................................................................ 20
4.3.6 Modes of Operation ............................................................................................................. 25
4.4 Diagnostics Settings..................................................................................................................... 26
4.4.1 SER Points and Aliases ....................................................................................................... 26

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 4.4.2 Event Report ........................................................................................................................ 27
4.5 HMI and Visualization ................................................................................................................ 28
4.6 Project Deliverables ..................................................................................................................... 29
4.6.1 Deliverables by SEL ............................................................................................................ 29
4.6.2 Deliverables to SEL ............................................................................................................. 29
Validation and Testing ............................................................................... 31
5.1 Unit Testing ................................................................................................................................. 31
5.1.1 Ringdown Test ..................................................................................................................... 31
5.2 Modular Testing........................................................................................................................... 32
5.3 Negative Testing .......................................................................................................................... 32
5.4 Special Tools Required/Recommended ....................................................................................... 34
5.4.1 Hardware.............................................................................................................................. 34
5.4.2 Software ............................................................................................................................... 34
5.5 Factory Acceptance Testing ........................................................................................................ 34
5.5.1 Test Equipment .................................................................................................................... 34
5.5.2 FAT Testing of New FMBT Panel ...................................................................................... 35
5.6 Site Acceptance Testing .............................................................................................................. 39
5.6.1 SAT Procedure Template for FMBT Relay Panel ............................................................... 40
References .................................................................................................. 46
6.1 Technical Papers .......................................................................................................................... 46
6.2 Application Guides ...................................................................................................................... 46
6.3 Product Instruction Manuals ........................................................................................................ 46
6.4 Settings Database ......................................................................................................................... 46
6.5 Sample Presentations ................................................................................................................... 46

Figures
Figure 2.1: Two- Breaker Scheme ................................................................................................................. 3
Figure 2.2: Three-Breaker Scheme ................................................................................................................ 4
Figure 2.3: Studying the Decaying and Healthy Voltages ............................................................................ 5
Figure 3.1: Single-Line Diagram Used to Describe the Problem and the Application in this Solution
Guide.............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Figure 3.2: FMBT Algorithm ........................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 3.3: SEL-451 Functional Overview ................................................................................................. 11
Figure 3.4: SEL-700BT Functional Overview ............................................................................................ 12

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Figure 4.1: FMBT Scheme Typical SLD .................................................................................................... 13
Figure 4.2: Terminal Diagram of PT/CT Inputs of SEL-451 FMBT Relay ................................................ 14
Figure 4.3: Terminal Diagram of DIs/DOs of SEL-451 FMBT Relay........................................................ 17
Figure 4.4: Open Transition Transfer Zones ............................................................................................... 18
Figure 4.5: Fast Transfer Method Logic ...................................................................................................... 21
Figure 4.6: In-Phase Transfer Method Logic .............................................................................................. 23
Figure 4.7: Residual Transfer Method Logic .............................................................................................. 24
Figure 4.8: Sequential Transfer Mode ......................................................................................................... 25
Figure 4.9: Simultaneous Transfer Mode .................................................................................................... 26
Figure 4.10: SEL-451 Relay HMI ............................................................................................................... 29

Tables
Table 3.1: Analog, DI, and DO Requirements for FMBT Scheme ............................................................... 6
Table 3.2: BOM for FMB Scheme .............................................................................................................. 10
Table 4.1: Relay Word Bits and Logic Settings for Fast Transfer Method ................................................. 21
Table 4.2: Fast Transfer Method Settings.................................................................................................... 21
Table 4.3: Synchronism Check Settings ...................................................................................................... 22
Table 4.4: Relay Word Bits and Logic Settings for In-Phase Transfer Method.......................................... 23
Table 4.5: In-Phase Transfer Method Settings ............................................................................................ 24
Table 4.6: Relay Word Bits and Logic Settings for Residual Transfer Method.......................................... 24
Table 4.7: Residual Transfer Method Settings ............................................................................................ 24
Table 5.1: Negative Test Step-by-Step Procedure ....................................................................................... 32
Table 5.2: New FMBT Panel Functional Test ............................................................................................. 35
Table 5.3: Cubicle Fabrication Functional Test .......................................................................................... 35
Table 5.4: Terminal Block Functional Test ................................................................................................. 35
Table 5.5: Wiring Functional Test ............................................................................................................... 36
Table 5.6: Grounding Functional Test ......................................................................................................... 36
Table 5.7: FMBT Relay Functional Test During FAT ................................................................................ 37
Table 5.8: FMBT Digital Inputs .................................................................................................................. 40
Table 5.9: FMBT Scheme Digital Outputs .................................................................................................. 41
Table 5.10: Simulation Test for Fast Transfer Method ............................................................................... 42
Table 5.11: Simulation Test for Residual Transfer ..................................................................................... 44

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 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ac alternating current
AI analog input
CB circuit breaker
CT current transformer
dc direct current
DI digital input
DO digital output
FAT factory acceptance test
FMBT fast motor bus transfer
HMI human-machine interface
IED intelligent electronic device
PT potential transformer
SAT site acceptance test
SEL Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
SLD single-line diagram
SST station service transformer
UAT unit auxiliary transformer

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 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this ES Solution Guide is to provide an overview of the fast motor bus transfer (FMBT)
schemes using Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. (SEL) solutions. The goal of the document is to
provide the reader with all basic understanding of the engineered solution topic under consideration. The
document reviews a typical single-line diagram (SLD) where the FMBT schemes use two SEL solutions
(SEL-451 Protection, Automation, and Bay Control System and SEL-700BT Motor Bus Transfer Relay),
and provides the best-known methodologies and recommendations for settings, diagnostics, testing, and
commissioning of the solution.

1.2 BACKGROUND
FMBT is the process of disconnecting a motor bus from the normal power source and safely reconnecting
it to a designated alternate power source within a short time period, which allows critical processes to
continue without damaging the equipment.
To maintain the plant operation and process continuity, motor buses may require transfer from a present
source to a new source like for power plants and industrial plants with heavy motor/other loads. Such
systems find immense use and importance in several critical situations in continuous process industries
(petrochemical plants, chemical plants, semiconductor manufacturing plants, paper mills, textile mills,
etc.) and fossil-fuel-fired as well as nuclear power generation stations.
A successful bus transfer under contingent conditions provides immense value and benefits to continuous
process operations that cannot afford unplanned interruptions of power supply to plant auxiliaries/loads.
Examples of plants where FMBT is applicable are power generation, refineries, chemical, pulp and paper,
steel, water and wastewater, automotive, and semiconductor.

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 TECHNICAL OVERVIEW
2.1 FUNDAMENTALS
The FMBT scheme directly contributes to preventing revenue loss, avoiding significant increase in
production costs associated with material wastage on a break in process continuity, and avoiding large
operation and maintenance expenses and delays associated with process restarts.
The purpose of an FMBT system is not only to maintain process continuity but also to ensure the source
transfers will not cause any damage to the motors and connected loads.
We know that when power supply to any motor is cutoff, it starts to decelerate and will eventually come
to rest, this is known as the coast-down time. The coast-down period and resultant residual voltage and
frequency decay may take seconds, and unsupervised and out-of-synchronism source transfer may cause
damage. So, during improper transfer, mechanical damage may occur in the motors, the coupling to the
load or the load itself, and it is caused by excessive shaft torque, and can also lead to unsuccessful
transfers.
A few generalizations can be made regarding the inertia of motor loads, motor size, and the mix of
synchronous and induction motors:
• Inertia: The higher the inertia of the aggregate motor loads on the motor bus, the more slowly the
motor bus frequency will decay during the disconnected coast-down period. That has a direct
impact on how fast the phase angle changes. Low inertia loads will cause the phase angle to
change quickly, as the frequency of the motor bus decays quickly, and the slip frequency between
the motor bus and the new source quickly increases.
• Motor size: The larger the motor size, the longer the time the voltage will take to decay on an
induction motor.
• Mix of synchronous and induction motors: Voltage will tend to decay much more rapidly on a
motor bus with all induction motors. On a motor bus with a mix of synchronous and induction
motors, the synchronous motors will attempt to hold up the voltage during the transfer interval.
• Loading: The higher the load on the motors, the faster the motor bus frequency will decay. These
parameters are key to analyzing the motor bus transfer issue and developing schemes to
accomplish transfer that promote process continuity while causing no damage to the motors or the
loads.
Also, once a fault or other external initiate is received, a command is sent to trip the primary source
breaker. The assets being shed are those that have been deemed not suitable for riding through any type of
transfer, such as static loads (rectifiers, heaters, and lighting are other high-resistance loads). Certain
motors, such as synchronous motors, that could potentially be damaged would be shed at this time.

2.2 SCOPE OF APPLICATION

Bus transfer has been employed in various power generation and process industry scenarios using
different philosophies and methods. Considerable research and survey work has been done in the field in
the past. Traditionally, bus transfer has been included in the switchgear package of a typical medium-
voltage installation for power generation utilities and continuous process industries. However, its sphere
of influence transcends the electrical systems of the plant because the efficacy of an FMBT directly
affects the operations, revenue, and short-term as well as long-term performance parameters of the plant.
An FMBT is typically employed in several different switchgear configurations. Two such popular
configurations, two circuit breaker (CB) schemes and three CB schemes are discussed in this document.

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2.2.1 Two-Breaker Scheme
The two-breaker scheme is employed to service a single motor bus from two alternate sources. The
normal source feeds the motor bus through the main breaker, while the alternate source feeds the motor
bus through the bus coupler breaker, as shown in Figure 2.1.
A typical example is that of a thermal power plant, where the unit auxiliaries, such as boiler feed pumps,
forced draft and induced draft fans, cooling water pumps, etc., are supplied through unit boards. The
configuration in Figure 2.1 shows a single unit board, although higher capacity units typically have two or
more-unit boards.
Typically, generating plants have at least two sources of power for the auxiliary equipment’s associated
with each generating unit. A typical unit- connected generator with unit auxiliary transformer (UAT) and
startup transformer is shown in Figure 2.1. While the generating plant is in normal operation, the power
needed by the auxiliary systems associated with the generator would be supplied by the UAT connected
to the bus between the generator terminals and the step-up transformer (if available). In this plant layout,
the plant auxiliaries must be supported with an alternate power source during normal unit start up and
shut down sequences, as well when the UAT must be taken out of service for maintenance or need to be
disconnected because of system or generator faults. During these instances, the station service transformer
(SST) that is connected to the grid should cater to the power requirements of the auxiliaries. This is
commonly called a two-breaker schemes.
During the plant startup process, the high-voltage generating unit CB is open until the generator is
synchronized with the grid. Until then, the feed from the SST supplies the unit auxiliaries. Once the
generator is synchronized, the unit board is transferred to the UAT Incomer source so that the unit feeds
its own auxiliaries during normal plant running conditions. This transfer is called as a Station-to-Unit
transfer. In the event of a generator trip, load throw off, turbine trip, boiler trip etc., it is required to
automatically transfer the unit board from the UAT Incomer to the alternate feed available from the SST.
This transfer is called as Unit-to-Station transfer.

Figure 2.1: Two- Breaker Scheme

2.2.2 Three-Breaker Scheme

In case of a combined cycle power plant or a typical process industrial plant, there could be two separate
sources from the energy supply system grid. As shown in Figure 2.2, The Incomer-1 is connected to

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Bus-1 and Incomer-2 is connected to Bus-2. Bus-1 and Bus-2 are interconnected through a bus coupler
breaker, which could normally be open. This is typically called a three-breaker configuration.
There are several bus transfer possibilities depending upon the choice of the Incoming feed to the motor
buses. In case of a normally closed bus coupler breaker, the complete load including motor bus 1 and 2 is
transferred between Incomer Sources 1 and 2. If the bus coupler breaker is normally open, Incomer
Source 1 and 2 supplies power to its own motor buses independently. If any one of the sources fail or trip,
the motor bus connected to the failed/tripped source is transferred to, the other source by closing the bus
coupler breaker.

Figure 2.2: Three-Breaker Scheme

2.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

When supply voltage is removed from an induction machine, flux is trapped in its rotor. This flux decays
with time and produces a residual voltage in the machine windings until its rotation ceases (reach to
standstill condition). Residual voltage can decay in a few cycles in small machines but may require up to
two to five seconds in larger machines. The rate of decay for high-speed machines is less than that for
slow-speed machines. Higher inertia machines will tend to act as generators feeding the lower inertia
machines on the bus such that the entire group decays together. Synchronous machines have the added
complication of having their own field excitation to maintain good healthy internal voltage during the
brief dead-time before high-speed reclosing occurs, putting them at increased risk over induction
machines.

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 Figure 2.3: Studying the Decaying and Healthy Voltages

The problem encountered by these disconnected motors maintaining a residual voltage is that when
reclosing occurs, the system voltage and machine residual voltage are typically out of phase; the phase
angle difference may even be higher than 100 degrees. Reclosing with the utility (or new incoming
source) can apply voltages above the motor design limits and result in high transient currents (inrush
current) and excessive torque on the motors shaft. Sometimes the inrush current may exceed the normal
starting current, which may generate mechanical stress on winding. During such instances, thermal
protection or short-circuit protection of relay may operate to cause the undesirable opening of CB. The
mechanical shock to the system may create cumulative damage to motor shaft and winding resulting in
reduced life of machine. The induction motor may not immediately fail, but the resulting high-shaft
torque and torque on the coils can eventually result in “unexplained” failures of the machines. The phase
difference between the system voltage per Hertz and the motor residual voltage per Hertz should not
exceed 1.33 per unit volts/Hertz at closing. A historical “rule-of-thumb” for unsupervised reclosing on
motor loads has been to delay the reclosing until the motors residual voltage magnitude has dropped less
than 25 percent of rated. Many designers set 125 percent as a desirable limit of maximum momentary
voltage applied to a motor. To overcome this problem without interruption of power for continuous
process industries, high-speed reclosing is considered to occur within 30 cycles of initial circuit
interruption, supervised by voltage, a sync-check condition, slip, rate-of-change of slip, rate-of-change of
voltage, advanced closing angle and breaker closing times. Sophisticated techniques and algorithms can
be implemented using SEL relays, where the high-speed transfer can be done even in one cycle without
damaging the motors and interruption to the industrial process.

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 SOLUTION LAYOUT
3.1 BASIC LAYOUT OF MAJOR COMPONENTS INVOLVED IN SOLUTION
If the bus coupler breaker is normally open, Incomer Source 1 and 2 supplies power to its own motor
buses independently. If anyone of the sources fail or trip, the motor bus connected to the failed/tripped
source is transferred to the other source by closing the bus coupler breaker.
In Figure 3.1, the motor bus is operating from Source 2 (SRC 2) initially. If Source 2 is lost and isolated
by manual or protective relaying actions that open the normally closed Breaker 2 (BKR 2) and if Source 1
(SRC 1) is available, the motor bus should safely and rapidly be transferred to Source 1 by closing the
normally open bus coupler breaker. Similarly, if operating conditions are such that the initial source is
Source 1, then the transfer involves sending the close command to bus coupler breaker. The scheme
implemented by using customized logic in the SEL-451 contains the necessary logic and measurements to
send a close command to the close coil for bus coupler breaker to accomplish a fast motor bus transfer.

Figure 3.1: Single-Line Diagram Used to Describe the Problem and the Application in this Solution Guide

Table 3.1 represents a typical relay digital inputs (DIs), digital outputs (DOs), and analog inputs (AIs)
requirements for the FMBT scheme shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.1: Analog, DI, and DO Requirements for FMBT Scheme

No. Description

Binary Inputs

1 CB Closed status of Source 1

2 CB Closed status of Source 2
3 CB Closed status of Bus coupler

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 No. Description

Initiation input from Upstream for Source 1, i.e., Upstream relay output or Upstream lockout
4 relay status or Upstream breaker open status etc.

Initiation input from Upstream for Source 2, i.e., Upstream relay output or Upstream lockout
5 relay status or Upstream breaker open status etc.
6 Auto transfers enable from selector switch (if required)
7 Auto/Manual Switch in Auto position (if required)
8 Auto/Manual Switch in Manual position (if required)
9 Source-1 Lockout (86) relay status
10 Source-2 Lockout (86) relay status
11 Source-1 PT MCB healthy status
12 Source-2 PT MCB healthy status

Binary Outputs
1 Bus coupler close command
2 FMBT device healthy to remote
3 FMBT operated to remote
4 Group Change to Source 1 (if required)
5 Group change to Source 2 (if required)
6 FMBT operated to Annunciation
7 Transfer Fail
8 Transfer Blocked
9 Transfer Successful
10 Loss of Potential
11 Fast transfer operated
12 In-phase transfer operated
13 Residual transfer operated

Analog Inputs
1 Voltage input (PT) form Bus section A
2 Voltage input (PT) form Bus section B
3 Current input (CT) from Line section A
4 Current input (CT) from Line section B

3.2 SOLUTION ARCHITECTURE

This solution does not require any architecture. Refer to Section 3.1 for more details.
The process of transferring motor bus load from one source to another source, designed to trip the old
source breaker before closing the new source breaker so that the two-source breakers are open at the same

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time during the transfer process. This paper considers the open transition transfer in detail and its
applications. There are three methods to supervise an open transition transfer and permit closure of the
new source breaker when and if the conditions for a particular method are met:
• Fast transfer
• In-phase transfer
• Residual transfer

3.2.1 Fast Transfer

Fast transfer is intended to minimize the transfer time between sources. However, the motor bus must be
disconnected from both sources for very short period around 60 to 100 ms (transfer initiate time and
alternate source CB closing time).

3.2.2 In-Phase Transfer

The In-phase transfer window normally starts after fast transfer window times out. In this method the
transfer close command is released, by predicting movement toward phase coincidence between the motor
bus and the new source. The in-phase transfer mode issues the close signal in advance, after determining
the rate-of-change of slip and including the close operation time of the breaker, in order to obtain a close
to zero angle difference when the breaker contacts close.
The numerical FMBT device shall accurately measure the healthy voltage source frequency and decaying
motor bus frequency. To determine the compensated closing angle, the slip frequency between the two
voltages and rate-of-change of slip are required. The change of slip may be calculated over a full
processing cycle. The advance compensated closing angle, is represented as:

Where:
Δδcomp = Advance compensating closing angle
Slip = Slip between healthy source and decaying motor bus voltage frequencies
TBreaker = Closing time of the breaker
It is essentially a specialized automatic synchronizing under high-slip frequency and a rapidly
decelerating motor bus frequency. This necessitates the use of very fast measurement and output
command techniques. The CB requires some time to close, the in-phase transfer device must predict in
advance when the phase coincide and initiate transfer. The FMBT device has successfully met these pre-
requisites and executed the in-phase transfer.

3.2.3 Residual Transfer

In the residual voltage transfer method, the motor bus is connected to the new source after the spinning
down voltage on the motor bus falls to less than predetermined voltage limit usually 0.33 per unit. Since
this is unsupervised as to phase angle or slip frequency, this method must prevent closure of the new
source breaker until the bus voltage drops to less than the predetermined voltage limit to ensure
compliance with the 1.33 per unit V/Hz limit. The residual voltage transfer is the slowest one and is not
fast enough to maintain process continuity, as certain motor loads that cause rapid stalling may require a
restart of the motors on the bus. Also, planned load shedding is quite commonly used before residual
voltage transfer.

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3.3 LOGIC DIAGRAMS, FLOWCHARTS, OR PSEUDOCODE

Figure 3.2: FMBT Algorithm

Vm = Motor bus voltage (secondary volts)

Vmin_F =Minimum motor bus voltage for a fast transfer to occur (secondary volts)
25 = Synchronism check
Vmax_R = Maximum voltage for a residual transfer to occur (secondary volts)

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3.4 OVERVIEW OF SOLUTION BOM
The items listed in Table 3.2 are required to implement the FMBT scheme:

Table 3.2: BOM for FMB Scheme

No Description Quantity

1 Fast bus transfer relay: SEL-451 or SEL-700BT 1 pc

2 ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software 1 pc
3 SEL-5601-2 SYNCHROWAVE® Event Software 1 pc
4 Disconnecting terminal block 1 lot
5 Non-disconnecting terminal block 1 lot
6 AC and DC MCB 1 lot
7 Selector switches for auto/manual enable transfer 1 lot

3.5 RELAY SELECTION

3.5.1 SEL-451 Relay
The SEL-451 is a powerful controller and it applies for various power system applications. Hardware
details and protection and control applications are available in instruction manual of SEL-451. This
document is containing the specific contents related to FMBT application. The SEL-451 integrates bay
control for breakers and disconnect switches with full automation, protection, and control in one device.
The FMBT scheme is implemented by using customized logic in the SEL-451. There is a variety of
ordering options available for the SEL-451. The inputs and outputs in the base model and the required
additional inputs and outputs needed to implement the scheme described in this guide are as follows:
• The SEL-451 base model comes with eight digital output contacts (three high-current, two
standard Form A, and three Form C) and seven level-sensitive optoisolated digital inputs.
• The scheme requires “high-speed high-current interrupting output contacts or fast hybrid output
contacts” for the closing signal to the Source 1, Source 2, and bus coupler breakers. So, at least
one additional I/O board with such output contacts is required for the FMBT application.
Other ordering options not described are not critical to the FMBT logic outlined in this application guide
but, of course, must be considered when selecting the part number for the SEL-451 to comply with the
requirements of the specific application.
Comprehensive motor bus transfer can be implemented with custom logic programing using Free Form
SELOGIC®. The SEL-451, configured with FMBT logic, supports sequential and simultaneous transfer
modes, and supports four methods of MBT: fast, in-phase, residual voltage, and fixed time, which will be
discussed later. Initiate MBT manually or use the settings to select one of the automatic transfer modes.
The logic automatically selects one of the transfer methods based on the system condition.
As mentioned, the SEL-451 hardware must include high-speed high-current interrupting output contacts
for the close signals. Therefore, the compensation angle for the in-phase transfer method can be based
solely on the breaker closing time. The close command output contact should not introduce additional
time delays such as the SEL-451 traditional output contact operating time. The operating time of the high-
speed high-current interrupting contacts is negligible and can be disregarded.

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 Figure 3.3: SEL-451 Functional Overview

3.5.2 SEL-700BT Relay

The SEL-700BT relay provides unsurpassed protection, integration, and control features in a flexible,
compact, and cost-effective package.
• Comprehensive motor bus transfer features: The SEL-700BT supports sequential and
simultaneous transfer modes. The relay is designed to support four methods of MBT: fast, in-
phase, residual voltage, and fixed time, which will be discussed later. Initiate MBT manually or
use the settings to select one of the automatic transfer modes. The relay automatically selects one
of the transfer methods based on the system condition.
• Basic protection features: Phase, negative-sequence, residual-ground, and neutral-ground
overcurrent elements; phase, negative-sequence, residual-ground, and neutral-ground time-
overcurrent elements; directional phase, negative-sequence, and residual-ground overcurrent
elements; breaker failure protection for three-pole breakers; under- and overvoltage elements;
inverse-time over- and undervoltage elements; loss-of-potential elements; over- and
underfrequency protection elements; rate-of-change-of-frequency elements; RTD protection
(requires internal or external SEL-2600 RTD Module option).

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 • Additional protection features: Synchronism-check elements; synchronism-check under- and
overvoltage elements; inverse-time over- and undervoltage elements; synchroscope; and vector
shift elements for islanding detection.
• Relay and logic settings software: ACSELERATOR QuickSet reduces engineering costs for relay
settings and logic programming. The tools in QuickSet make it easy to develop SELOGIC control
equations. Use the built-in phasor display to verify proper current transformer (CT) polarity and
phasing. Use the synchroscope for synchronism-check elements.
• Front-panel human-machine interface (HMI): Navigate the relay HMI using a 5-inch, color, 800 x
480-pixel touchscreen display.

Figure 3.4: SEL-700BT Functional Overview

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 SOLUTION EXAMPLE
4.1 TYPICAL APPLICATION, TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS, AND CONSTRAINTS
The typical application example is for three-breaker schemes (refer to Section 2.2). Refer to Figure 3.1 for
typical I/O of SEL-451 relay.

Figure 4.1: FMBT Scheme Typical SLD

4.2 LAYOUT OF MAJOR COMPONENTS INVOLVED IN SOLUTION

CT and potential transformer (PT) connections are shown in Figure 3.1. Two groups of CT and PT inputs
and CB inputs/outputs are connected to SEL-451 relay. SEL-451 FMBT logic will initiate close command
to bus coupler CB and transfer motor loads to alternate source, when one of the incoming source supply
fails.
The SEL-451 FMBT relay has two groups of voltage inputs and two groups of current inputs (shown in
Figure 2.3). The frequency tracking range is 40–65 Hz.
• IAW, IBW, and ICW
• IAX, IBX, and ICX
SEL-451 input current (1A/5A) for both controller types can range to 20 • INOM. The CT burden for
each controller is the following:
• 5 A Nominal current: 0.27 VA at 5 A for 5 A nominal current
• 1 A Nominal current: 0.1 VA at 1 A for 1A nominal current

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The FMBT relay also accepts two sets of three-phase, four-wire (wye) potentials from power system PT
secondary:
• VAY, VBY, and VCY
• VAZ, VBZ, and VCZ
The nominal line-to-neutral input voltage for the PT inputs is 63.5 V with a range of 0–300 V. The PT
burden is less than 0.5 VA at 63.5 V, L-N.
Connection diagram of potential and current transformer inputs are showing in Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2: Terminal Diagram of PT/CT Inputs of SEL-451 FMBT Relay

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Connection diagrams of DIs/DOs are shown in Figure 4.3.

- VE DC
+ VE DC SEL 451
From Field

I/C-1 CB CLOSE Status A20 IN101 A21

I/C-2 CB CLOSE Status A22 IN102 A23

B/C CB Status A24 IN103 A25

I/C – Trip A26 IN104 A27

I/C – Trip A28 IN105 A29

T/F-1 HV SIDE CB A30 IN106 A31

OPEN Status
T/F-2 HV SIDE CB A32 IN107
OPEN Status
A01 OUT 101 A02 Group Charge to I/C -1

A03 OUT 102 A04 Group Charge to I/C -2

A05 OUT 103 A06 Spare

A07 OUT 104 A08 Transfer optd

A09 OUT 105 A10 Transfer optd

A12 OUT 106 A13

A15 Spare
A15 OUT 107 A16
A14 Spare
A16 OUT 108 A19
A17 Spare

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 - VE DC
SEL 451
From Field

87T-1(T/F-1) Optd B33 IN201 B34

87T-2(T/F-1) Optd B35 IN202 B36

I/C -1 CB off Status B37 IN203 B38

Auto – Transfer Enable B39 IN204 B40

From Selector Switch
B41 IN205 B42
I/C – CB off Status

PT MCB-1 Healthy B43 IN206 B44

B45 IN207 B46

PT MCB-2 Healthy

B/C – CB off Status B47 IN208 B48

B01 OUT 201 B02

Spare

B03 OUT 202 B04 Spare

B05 OUT 203 B06

Spare

B07 OUT 204 B08 Transfer failed to SCADA

B09 OUT 205 B10 Transfer blocked to SCADA

B11 OUT 206 B12 Transfer successful to

SCADA
B13 OUT 207 B14 Loss of potential alarm

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 SEL 451
+VE DC

B15 OUT 208 B16

Fast Transfer Optd

B17 OUT 209 B18

Inphase Transfer Optd

B19 OUT 210 B20 Residual Transfer Optd

B21 OUT 211 B22 Spare

B23 OUT 212 B24 Spare

B25 OUT 213 B26 Spare

B28 OUT 214 B29 Spare

B27
B31 OUT 215
B32
B30

Figure 4.3: Terminal Diagram of DIs/DOs of SEL-451 FMBT Relay

4.3 CONFIGURATION
4.3.1 Motor Bus Transfer Classification and Transfer Methods
Motor bus transfers can be categorized as closed or open transition. The closed transition transfer involves
brief paralleling of the sources. The closed transition transfer is also commonly referred to as a hot
parallel transfer. Because the new source is connected to the motor bus before the old source is tripped,
transfers are completed without source interruption. On the other hand, open transition transfers do not
parallel the sources because the old source is tripped before the new source is connected to the motor bus.
Once the motor bus is disconnected, the motors coast down, and reconnection to the new source may
require supervision.
In all methods of transfer, if the new source does not meet the criteria for an acceptable source, and if it is
possible to stay on the old source, the initiation of the transfer should be blocked. If not possible to stay
on the old source, and the old source breaker must be tripped, the completion of the transfer to the new
source should be blocked or possibly delayed permitting the new source to recover. In this latter case,
transfer system logic could also be set up to provide transfer to an alternate new source.

4.3.2 Closed Transition

Prior to initiating a closed transition, the voltage and phase angle difference between the motor bus and
the new source must be evaluated to assure that the motor bus and the new source are in synchronism, and
that the new source voltage is within acceptable limits. Due to dynamics that may occur prior to transfer,

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the two sources may not be in synchronism, or a large standing phase angle may be old between them,
precluding a hot parallel transfer.
Additionally, control provisions must be incorporated such that if the new source breaker is closed but the
old source breaker remains closed, the transfer system must immediately trip the old source breaker. This
allows parallel transfer but prohibits inadvertent parallel operation. The motor bus transfer design must
ensure that a parallel condition is temporary to limit exposure to double-fed faults during parallel
operation. Excessive fault currents under these conditions may violate the interrupting rating of CBs or
the through fault withstands rating of source transformers and may damage other connected equipment.
Thus, if there is a failure such that the old source breaker fails to trip, the new source breaker must
automatically be tripped.
Hot parallel transfer cannot be used to transfer during transient or emergency conditions. If a transfer is
initiated due to problems such as a fault on the old source, an open transition transfer method must be
employed to first disconnect the old source that is problematic and then supervise the closure of the new
source breaker.

4.3.3 Open Transition

There are three methods to supervise an open transition transfer and permit closure of the new source
breaker when and if the conditions for a particular method are met:
• Fast
• In-phase
• Residual voltage
There are then two modes to initiate the process of closing the new breaker:
• Sequential
• Simultaneous
The three supervision methods are best displayed graphically by the three zones in Figure 4.4, which
depicts the voltage and phase angle decay of a motor bus during coast down after disconnection from the
old source:

Figure 4.4: Open Transition Transfer Zones

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FAST TRANSFER METHOD
A sequential fast transfer takes place in the first few cycles after the present source breaker is opened. A
sequential fast transfer verifies the opening of the closed breaker and issues the close signal. Fast transfer
output will initiate when satisfying following conditions in sequence.
• FMBT in service.
• Fast transfer method must enable.
• Motor bus voltage should higher than threshold value set in SEL451 device. Minimum voltage
magnitude threshold must set in device.
• Alternate source voltage should higher than threshold value set in SEL451 device. Minimum
voltage magnitude threshold must set in device.
• Synchronism check:
– Time window of fast transfer method should not expire after initiation of transfer.

IN-PHASE TRANSFER METHOD

The in-phase transfer method issues the close signal, assuming the rate-of-change of slip and the
operating time of the breaker, to obtain a close to zero angle difference when the breaker contacts close.
The nonlinearities of the load torque, the motor flux decay, and the logic processing interval of the
SEL-451 make it a challenge to obtain perfect results. The in-phase transfer method tries to minimize the
angle difference between the motor bus voltage and the active transfer source voltage when the breaker
contacts close. Again, this is delayed transfer.
• In-phase transfer output will initiate when satisfying following conditions in sequence.
• FMBT in service.
• In-phase transfer method must enable.
• Motor bus voltage should lesser than threshold value set in SEL451 device. Voltage magnitude
threshold must set in device.
• Slip frequency of motor bus voltage and alternate source voltage should within limit. Slip
frequency limit must set in device.
• Rate-of-change-of-slip frequency (ds/dt) limit should within limit. DS/DT setting limit must set in
device.
• Rate-of-change of voltage (dv/dt) should within limit. DV/DT setting limit must set in device.
• Maximum number of rotations.
• In-phase transfer initiate close command when the fast transfer method skips (unsuccessful) due
to the limitation of power system parameters.
• Time window for in-phase transfer method should not expire after initiation of transfer.

RESIDUAL TRANSFER METHOD

In residual transfer method, there is a single check and a delay to add security. The method assumes that
the load is still rotating, and the motor bus voltage has decayed sufficiently to close the transfer source
breaker, ensuring no damage to the connected machines. Supervision of slip frequency and phase angle is
not requiring in this method. This is slow bus transfer that requires load shedding during transfer to avoid
the heavy inrush current on alternate source. Load shedding shall be done by using under voltage and

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frequency functions available in device. Residual transfer output will initiate when satisfying the
following conditions in sequence:
1. FMBT in service.
2. Residual transfer method must enable.
3. Motor bus voltage should lesser than threshold value set in SEL-451 device. Voltage magnitude
threshold must set in device.
4. Minimum voltage magnitude threshold must set in device. Minimum voltage threshold must be
set less than 35 percent of rated voltage.
5. Time window for residual transfer method should not expire after initiation of transfer.
6. Residual transfer initiate close command when the fast and In-phase transfer methods skip
(unsuccessful) due to the limitation of power system parameters.

4.3.4 Interlocks
The transfer output will occur when satisfying the following conditions/interlocks:
• FMBT device ready.
• External transfer initiation enable.
• Fast 52b contacts.
• Synchronism check for fast transfer.
• Protection not blocked; the conditions to recognize are breaker failure and close failure. Other
external conditions may apply such as the trip of busbar differential relay.
• PT MCBs healthy.
• CB closing conditions (CB in service, TCS healthy, spring charged, etc.).
• Interlock permissive for CB close (isolator, earth switch etc.).

4.3.5 Settings and Logic Diagram

FAST TRANSFER METHOD

This logic diagram illustrates the conditions to occur fast transfer method.

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 Figure 4.5: Fast Transfer Method Logic

Table 4.1: Relay Word Bits and Logic Settings for Fast Transfer Method

Name Relay Word Bit/Setting Description

FASTX_M Relay Word bit Activates fast transfer method.

52ACL1 Relay Word bit Indicate if the Source 1 or Source 2
52ACL2 breaker is closed by sensing the
respective breaker 52a inputs.
Denotes the operation of the fast
52ACL2 Relay Word bit
transfer method.
Set in the protection logic.
Condition to supervise the fast
FASTX Setting transfer. A synchronism-check
element would normally be used
here for supervision.

Table 4.2: Fast Transfer Method Settings

Description Setting range Recommendations

1 := ENABLED
EFASTTR (enable fast transfer method). 1 := ENABLED
0 := DISABLED

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 Description Setting range Recommendations

ESIMFX (simultaneous fast transfer method. If

enabled, the close signal to the open breaker is sent 1 := ENABLED
0 := DISABLED
simultaneously with the open signal to the closed 0 := DISABLED
breaker).
Recommended minimum
SVMIN_F (minimum source secondary voltage for motor bus voltage for fast
0 to 75 V in steps of 0.1V
the fast transfer method to operate). transfer is 60 to 70% of
nominal voltage.
Recommended minimum
MVMIN_F (minimum motor bus secondary voltage motor bus voltage for fast
0 to 75 V in steps of 0.1 V
for the fast transfer method to operate). transfer is 60 to 70% of
nominal voltage.
0 to 100 cycles in steps of
T_FAST (time window for fast transfer method). 5 to 6 cycles
0.5 cycle
0 to 10 cycles in steps of
TDLAY_F (close command delay). 0.125 cycle
0.1 cycle
TSUPU_F (supervision condition pickup). 0 to 100 cycles 0 cycle
TSUDO_F (supervision condition dropout). 0 to 100 cycles 2 cycles

Table 4.3: Synchronism Check Settings

Description Setting Value Recommendations

SYNCP (voltage reference set to VAY, the

VAY
Phase A voltage of the bus).

25VL (voltage window low threshold). 48 V Recommended minimum source

bus Voltage (25VL) for fast
25VH (voltage window high threshold). 70 V transfer is 75%
SYNCS1 (source voltage). VAZ
KS1M (source ratio factor). 1.0
KS1A (source angle shift). 0.0
ANG1BK1 (maximum Angle difference). 40 ° 10–40°
Equation= FMBT Not Evaluate the synch check
BSYNBK1 (block synchronism check).
ready or BC closed function if required.
ASYNCS2 VCZ
AKS2M 1.0
AKS2A 0.0
ANG1BK1 (maximum angle difference). 40 10–40°
Equation= FMBT Not Evaluate the synch check
BSYNBK1 (block synchronism check)
ready or BC closed function if required.
2 to 3.5 cycles but refer to CB
TCLSBK1 OR TCLSBK2 (closing time of
2 cycles test report for exact closing
Breaker-1 and Breaker-2)
timing.

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IN-PHASE TRANSFER
Figure 4.6 illustrates the conditions to occur during in-phase transfer method.

Figure 4.6: In-Phase Transfer Method Logic

Table 4.4: Relay Word Bits and Logic Settings for In-Phase Transfer Method

Name Relay Word Bit/Setting Description

INPHX_M Relay Word bit Activates in-phase transfer method.

Denotes the operation of the in-
IPHXFER Relay Word bit
phase transfer method.

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 Table 4.5: In-Phase Transfer Method Settings

Description Setting Range Recommendations

1 := ENABLED 1 := ENABLED
EPHSTR (in-phase transfer method).
0 := DISABLED
MXSLP_P (maximum slip allowed before
0–40 Hz < 30 Hz
issuing the close command).
MXDSDTP (maximum rate-of-change of slip
0–40 Hz/second < 30 Hz/Sec
before issuing the close command).
MXDVDTP (maximum rate of voltage decay
Secondary 0–100
(secondary V/second) before issuing the close < 100 dV/dt
V/second
command).
MINV_P (minimum motor bus voltage 0–75 V in steps of
> 15 V
magnitude before issuing the close command). 0.1 V
T_INPHS (total time window for the in-phase
0–100 cycles 30–50 cycles
transfer).
MXROT_P (maximum number of rotations 0–15 number of
3–12
allowed in the in-phase transfer method). rotations

RESIDUAL TRANSFER
Figure 4.7 illustrates the conditions to occur during residual transfer method.

Figure 4.7: Residual Transfer Method Logic

Table 4.6: Relay Word Bits and Logic Settings for Residual Transfer Method

Name Relay Word Bit/Setting Description

RESX_M Relay Word bit Activates residual transfer method.

RESXFER Relay Word bit Denotes the operation of the residual transfer method.

Table 4.7: Residual Transfer Method Settings

Description Setting Range Recommendations

1 := ENABLED 1 := ENABLED
ERESTR (residual transfer method).
0 := DISABLED
VMIN_R (maximum motor bus secondary voltage
0 to 75 V in steps of 0.1 V
to enable the transfer).

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 Description Setting Range Recommendations

T_RES (time delay to close command i.e the time

delay after reaching the maximum motor bus 0 to 250 cycles 1 cycle
voltage).
TDRES_R (time window for residual transfer
0 to 250 cycles 100 to 120 cycles
method).

Note: T_RES=100 Cycles. It is an intentional time delay that is equal to motor trip time to start residual
transfer. This delay required to avoid unusual closing of bus coupler in residual method before
tripping of motor feeder during tripping of upstream breaker
Note: We must perform the fast bus transfer system validation study for the process plant which
requires FMBT scheme, and based on that, the settings in Table 4.2, Table 4.3, Table 4.5, and
Table 4.7 may change accordingly.

4.3.6 Modes of Operation

There are two transfer modes: sequential transfer mode (Figure 4.8) and simultaneous transfer mode
(Figure 4.9).

SEQUENTIAL TRANSFER MODE

Figure 4.8: Sequential Transfer Mode

Sequential transfer commands are issued for:

• The old source breaker is tripped immediately.
• Closure of the new source breaker is initiated on confirmation by the breaker status contact that
the old source breaker has opened.
• Upon receipt of this confirmation, a fast, in-phase, or residual voltage transfer must be employed
to supervise closure of the new source breaker.

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SIMULTANEOUS TRANSFER MODE

Figure 4.9: Simultaneous Transfer Mode

Supervised closure of the new source breaker is permitted without waiting for the breaker status contact
confirmation that the old source breaker has opened.
Simultaneous commands are issued for:
• Old source breaker trip
• New source breaker close initiate
Closure of the new source breaker may be delayed until permitted by the fast, in-phase, or residual
voltage transfer criteria, whichever occurs first.
Note that no matter what criteria are used and whether the electrical torque is calculated, or a more
sophisticated method is used to estimate the electrical or shaft torque based on simulation, the basic goals
of any FMBT schemes are the following:
• Avoid closing into the alternate source when the motor bus voltage and the alternate source
voltage are out of phase.
• Limit the transient torque on the motor as much as possible, while still maintaining the
availability of the process by riding through momentary transfer interruptions and reducing the
occurrence of a sustained and unwanted interruption.
How is this accomplished? Standards and experience have outlined several methods. This guide focuses
on sequential transfers where the primary source breaker opens before closing the alternate source
breaker, because this is the type of transfer that was selected for the refinery project. Among sequential
transfers, there are three methods: fast transfer, in-phase transfer, and residual transfer.

4.4 DIAGNOSTICS SETTINGS

4.4.1 SER Points and Aliases
The following Relay Word bits need to be configured for SER to analyze the transfer event.
52AA1, 52AA2, ULMTR1, ULMTR2, BK1CL, BK2CL, 25A1BK1, 25A1BK2, XSUP_F,
XFERINI,EXTXINI, XINIBLK, EFASTTR, FASTX_M, XFERRST, XTOSRC2, 59VS2, 25W1BK2,
SFBK2, FASTX, INPHX_M, IPHXFER, XTOSRC1, RESX_M, RESXFER, 52ACL1, 52ACL2,
BSYNBK1, BSYNBK2, FASTOP, IN101, IN102, IN103, OUT101, OUT102, PSV01, PSV02, PSV03,

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PSV04, PSV05, PSV06, PSV07, PSV08, PSV09, PSV11, PSV13, PSV21, PSV22, PSV35, PSV38,
PSV39, PSV41, PSV45, PB6_PUL, PB8_PUL, PB6,PB8, PCT03Q, SFBK2, PCT01Q, PCT04Q,
PCT05Q, PCT06Q, PCT07Q, PCT09Q, PCT25Q, SFZBK2, SFZBK1, 25W1BK1, REOP, INPHOP,
RESOP, PSV46, PROTBLK, INC_OPN, EEXTINI, IN105, IN106, IN107, IN201, IN202, IN203, IN204,
IN205, IN206, IN207, IN208, PSV46, OUT104, OUT105, OUT204, OUT205, OUT206, OUT207,
OUT208, OUT209, OUT210, IN104, IN105, IN106, IN107, IN201, IN202, IN203, IN204, IN205, IN206,
IN207, IN208, EEXTINI, INC_OPN, PROTBLK., PCT08Q, D2SLDT, PSV01, MAXROT

4.4.2 Event Report

EVENT REPORTING SETTINGS

ER Event report trigger equation = FASTX OR IPHXFER OR RESXFER OR PB8 OR R_TRIG
86T1_OP OR R_TRIG 86T2_OP OR F_TRIG 86_IC1 OR F_TRIG 86_IC2 OR R_TRIG XFERINI OR
R_TRIG T1_52A OR R_TRIG T2_52A OR F_TRIG IC1_52A OR F_TRIG IC2_52A OR PSV40 OR
PSV41.
SRATE sample rate of event report (kHZ) = 8
LER length of event report (sec) = 3
PRE-length of pre-fault (sec) = 0.5

EVENT REPORTING ANALOGS

VAZA, VAZM, VAYM, VAYA, V_MB (PMV02), MBFREQ (PMV13), DVMOTDT (PMV24),
SBFREQ (PMV33), SMSLIP (PMV34), DSLIPDT (PMV37), VMB_SEL (PMV38), SM_ANG
(PMV51), PMV16, PMV17, PMV18, AMV046, AMV048, TORQUE (AMV068), PMV63, VPM.

EVENT REPORTING DIGITALS

The following items used in an FMBT scheme shall be configured for event reporting digitals (refer to
.rdb file for more details):
• All DIs
• All DOs
• All PSVs
• All PCTs
• All PLTs, ALTs, and ASTs
• All math variables (PMVs and AMVs)
• All sync check function Relay Word bits
• All other internal Relay Word bits like LOP, SALARM, HALARM, etc.

EVENT COLLECTION
The SEL-451 relay features comprehensive power system data analysis. Raw and filtered events as well
as the SER and signal profile.
Event reports simplify post-fault analysis and help you improve your understanding of protection scheme
operations. Event reports can also aid in testing and troubleshooting relay settings and protection schemes

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because these event reports contain detailed data on voltage, current, and relay element status. SEL
recommends using a COMTRADE event report file for FMBT event analysis.

EVENT REPORT TYPE

The SEL-451 relay produces and stores two types of event data:
• Filtered data: SEL event reports
• High-resolution raw data: COMTRADE

FILTERED DATA
• Eight- and four samples/cycles filtered event reports
• Available in ASCII format and compressed ASCII format
• Available as command responses or as files

HIGH-RESOLUTION RAW DATA

COMTRADE output file types
• HDR: Header file
• CFG: Configuration file
• DAT: High-resolution raw binary data file
• IEEE C37.111-1999
• With high accuracy time source available (Relay Word bit HIRIG=1), entries in COMTRADE
files are time stamped with +1 microseconds accuracy.
To view the file, use SYNCHROWAVE Event Software or ACSELERATOR Analytic Assistant® SEL-5601
Software.

4.5 HMI AND VISUALIZATION

The following SLD is an example of an SEL-451 HMI screen for two incomers and bus coupler scheme:
Two incomers and one bus coupler scheme configured in the bay control screen of SEL-451-5.

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 Figure 4.10: SEL-451 Relay HMI

4.6 PROJECT DELIVERABLES

4.6.1 Deliverables by SEL
SEL ES will provide the following items to the Customer:
• Panel enclosure (if required), relay and other accessories
• Panel structural and layout drawings
• AC and dc wiring drawings
• Logic diagram (control and operational philosophy)
• Functional Design Specification (if required)
• Factory acceptance test (FAT) and site acceptance test (SAT) procedures
• Type test reports
• User’s manual
• Installation, testing, and commissioning manuals

4.6.2 Deliverables to SEL

The Customer will provide the following items to SEL ES:
• An approved one-line drawing for the project.
• Switchboard GA or panel GA.
• Drawings for existing incomer, unit-tie, station-tie, outgoing, and motor feeders, and other loads.
• Transformer, motor, and other data sheets that are connected in the switchgear.
• Drawing templates, standards, and other information required for design.

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 • All necessary approved drawings, control room layout drawings.
• System design data, power system studies data, control and protection philosophy, and any other
data required for relay setting and configuration.

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 VALIDATION AND TESTING
5.1 UNIT TESTING
5.1.1 Ringdown Test
A ringdown (sometimes called spindown) test is the recording test of motor bus voltage, while the supply
incomer is made a pre-planned shutdown/switched off manually with most of the normal loads are in
service. This test would record the decay of motor bus voltage when the incomer (of the service board) is
switched off.

REQUIREMENT OF RINGDOWN TEST

The ringdown test is intended to study the motor bus voltage during any of the supply feeds to motor bus
are fail with the most normal load condition of the bus. This study would suggest the possibility of having
high-speed transfer or a delayed in-phase transfer; also, the result would be useful to tune the FMBT
controller setting.

RINGDOWN TEST SETUP

The Event recorder device SEL-451, is the functional device that is used to record the motor bus residual
voltage during ringdown test. The SEL-451 event recorder can record the oscillography at higher
sampling rate that gives high accurate waveform capture. The recorder shall be connected with voltage
sensing inputs from Main, Standby, and Bus VT of each switchgear.
Also, the recorder shall be connected to Main and CB auxiliary contact for trigger condition to trigger the
event recording.

RINGDOWN TEST PROCEDURE

The ringdown test will intend shutdown of unit switchgear, so operation department of the plant should
consider this test at the time just before a planned shutdown of the unit and auxiliary Switchgear.
The following procedure describes conducting a ringdown test on service board for which the FMBT
scheme is required.
The SEL FMBT intelligent electronic device (IED) recorder is connected as shown in Figure 4.2.

STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE FOR RINGDOWN TEST

This step-by-step procedure shall be followed carefully.

PRE-CONDITIONS:
• Incomer-1 CB is ON.
• Incomer-2 CB is ON.
• All the applicable motor/other feeders are ON.
• Check both VT voltages are available at the FMBT controller as normal voltage from the display.
• Disable under voltage tripping of motor feeder temporarily, if applicable.
• Switch the FMBT to Manual.. This is to avoid automatic closing of the bus coupler.

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RING DOWN TEST
Step 1. Trip (open manually) the incomer-1 CB, while all the connected loads are running
normally.
Step 2. Make sure that recorder record the event.
Note: The SEL FMBT IED recorder is programmed to trigger event report, when CB is operated
(IN101) or Bus VT supply goes under voltage.

PRE-COMMISSIONING TEST
The pre-commissioning test will be done immediately after the bus shutdown. The CB on both incomers
shall be OFF and drawn out to TEST position. The CBs may need to be put in service for transfer
simulations, by making sure the line side is de-energized.
Step 1. Initiate all the binary input signals from source point and verify it is reporting up to FMBT
controller.
Step 2. Initiate all the binary outputs signals from FMBT and verify the action up to the destination
points.
Step 3. By voltage simulation, the transfer test sequence shall be tested.
Step 4. All the alarm points to HMI shall be verified.
Step 5. Once the functional test is completed by simulation, the system is ready for commissioning
test.

5.2 MODULAR TESTING

Not applicable for this FMBT scheme.

5.3 NEGATIVE TESTING

Negative testing tool will be useful to verify the correct design, setting, configuration and logics.
The tests in Table 5.1 shall be considered for negative testing of FMBT schemes.

Table 5.1: Negative Test Step-by-Step Procedure

Details/Description of Test Expected Result Actual Result

FMBT device is
Both PT MCBs were tripped and check the FMBT device readiness. not ready for
transfer
FMBT device is
Both incomer 86 trip relays are not operated and check the FMBT device
not ready for
readiness.
transfer
FMBT device is
Both incomer CBs are open and check the FMBT device readiness. not ready for
transfer
FMBT device is
Auto enable input signal is low and check the FMBT device readiness. not ready for
transfer

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 Details/Description of Test Expected Result Actual Result

FMBT device is
BC CB status (Closed status) is high and check the FMBT device
not ready for
readiness.
transfer
Fast transfer method has been disabled on the relay with all the other Fast transfer
necessary conditions are satisfied for fast transfer. failure
Injected the motor bus voltage is less than the threshold setting in the
Fast transfer
FMBT device with all the other necessary conditions are satisfied for fast
failure
transfer.
Transfer initiation provided from IC-1 86 Trip/TF-1 86 Trip but without
Fast transfer
Incomer-1 and -2 CB status with all the other necessary conditions is
failure
satisfied for fast transfer.
Transfer initiation provided from IC-2 86 Trip/TF-2 86 Trip but without
Fast transfer
Incomer-1 and -2 CB status with all the other necessary conditions is
failure
satisfied for fast transfer.
Transfer initiation provided from IC-1 86 Trip/TF-1 86 Trip but without
satisfying the synch check condition (voltage threshold/phase Fast transfer
angle/frequency difference) with all the other necessary conditions are failure
satisfied for fast transfer.
Transfer initiation provided from IC-2 86 Trip/TF-2 86 Trip but without
satisfying the synch check condition (voltage threshold/phase Fast transfer
angle/frequency difference) with all the other necessary conditions are failure
satisfied for fast transfer.
Transfer initiation provided from IC-1 86 Trip/TF-1 86 Trip but with Bus
Fast transfer
coupler breaker closed status and all the other necessary conditions are
failure
satisfied for fast transfer.
Transfer initiation provided from IC-2 86 Trip/TF-2 86 Trip but with Bus
Fast transfer
coupler breaker closed status and all the other necessary conditions are
failure
satisfied for fast transfer.
Fast transfer method and in-phase transfer method were disabled on the
In-phase transfer
relay with all the other necessary conditions are satisfied for in-phase
failure
transfer.
Injected the motor bus voltage is less than the threshold setting in the
In-phase transfer
FMBT device with all the other necessary conditions are satisfied for in-
failure
phase transfer.
Injected the max slip value less than the threshold setting in the FMBT
In-phase transfer
device with all the other necessary conditions are satisfied for in-phase
failure
transfer.
Transfer initiation provided from IC-1 86 Trip/TF-1 86 Trip but with Bus
In-phase transfer
coupler breaker closed status and all the other necessary conditions are
failure
satisfied for in-phase transfer.
Transfer initiation provided from IC-2 86 Trip/TF-2 86 Trip but with Bus
In-phase transfer
coupler breaker closed status and all the other necessary conditions are
failure
satisfied for in-phase transfer.
Fast transfer method, in-phase transfer method and residual transfer
Residual transfer
methods were disabled on the relay with all the other necessary
failure
conditions are satisfied for residual transfer.

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 Details/Description of Test Expected Result Actual Result

Injected the motor bus voltage is greater than the threshold setting in the
Residual transfer
FMBT device with all the other necessary conditions are satisfied for
failure
residual transfer.

5.4 SPECIAL TOOLS REQUIRED/RECOMMENDED

SEL engineers and technicians are required to complete this testing.

5.4.1 Hardware
• Secondary injection test kit
• SEL-451 FMBT IED
• Laptop
• Multimeter, screw drivers, cutter, and other standard hardware tools

5.4.2 Software
• ACSELERATOR QuickSet Software
• SYNCHROWAVE Event software

5.5 FACTORY ACCEPTANCE TESTING

This section describes the FAT procedures, criteria, and equipment that verify the functionality of the
FMBT IED (SEL-451), which are tested as part of this procedure.
The purpose of this test procedure is to ensure that all SEL-manufactured equipment is fully operational
within applicable standards and manufacturer’s tolerances. The test procedure will also verify that all
relays are programmed per the approved settings and all system-level protection schemes operate as
designed. The SEL relay settings will be tested by performing ANSI element functional testing of the
relay trip equations, and logic testing to verify protection schemes. All test modules include the
following:
• Relay element setting
• Secondary injection test kit reports
• Event analysis report and Sequence of Events report
This document is used in conjunction with the FAT checklist for the FMBT IED equipment tested.

5.5.1 Test Equipment

The following equipment is required to perform the test procedures described in this document:
• DC power source.
• AC power source.
• Digital multimeter (capable of voltage measurements and continuity tester).
• Three-phase secondary injection test kit.
• PC with the ACSELERATOR QuickSet software pre-configured on various SEL relays.

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5.5.2 FAT Testing of New FMBT Panel
Table 5.2–Table 5.6 describe FATs for a completely new FMBT panel. Table 5.7 describes the FAT for
the FMBT scheme itself.

Table 5.2: New FMBT Panel Functional Test

Detail Passed Failed Comment

AC panel illumination

Heater through thermostat

Physical verification of MCB ratings

Check voltage mixing

AC supply distribution circuit

DC-1 and DC-2 supply distribution circuit

DC supply changeover distribution circuit

Table 5.3: Cubicle Fabrication Functional Test

Detail Passed Failed Comment

Panel supports structure

Door alignment

External cable gland plates

Ventilation louvers with removable filter

Door hinges, door stopper, door handle and

padlocking facility
Removable lifting eyes

Detachable side cover for bus wiring

Name plate of panels should be fixed and visible

from a distance

Table 5.4: Terminal Block Functional Test

Detail Passed Failed Comment

Panel supports structure

Door alignment

External cable gland plates

Ventilation louvers with removable filter

Door hinges, door stopper, door handle and

padlocking facility

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 Detail Passed Failed Comment

Removable lifting eyes

Detachable side cover for bus wiring

Name plate of panels should be fixed and visible

from a distance

Table 5.5: Wiring Functional Test

Detail Passed Failed Comment

Wires to be use should be rated 1100 V

Sizes of wires CT, VT, control and other

circuits
Terminal lugs should be use with respect to
wire size
Crimping of terminal lugs must be adopting
properly
Bundled wires should be properly dressed

All wiring shall be made without splices

For CT and VT circuit, the terminal lugs

should be properly gripped
Door should easily close and open without
tension of wires
Wires for protection CT and VT circuits
should be color coded
Ferrules shall be non-removable

Ferrules shall be white with clearly legible

black lettering
Ferrule printing should be visible

Table 5.6: Grounding Functional Test

Detail Passed Failed Comment

Ground bus should be provided to each panel

(Size 25 x 6 sq mm.)
All hinge doors and panels shall be grounded

All devices mounted on the panel should be

grounded each directly connected to the bus
Ground wires must be color coded

Terminal lugs to be fixed at both end of grounding

bar

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 Table 5.7: FMBT Relay Functional Test During FAT

Device/Function Detail Expected Result Passed Failed Comment

Device test: Mechanical checks

i) Visual checks: The No damages,

following items are to be Completeness and all
checked; visual check for Labels are applied
FMBT damages completeness
(screws, accessories) Label
ii) Earthing and Plugs: The I/O terminal plugs
following items are to be properly screwed and
checked: I/O terminal plugs relay grounded
screwed Relay grounded
Device Test: HW and Measurements
i)Nominal data: 1) DC Supply Voltage is
Check and Note Auxiliary DC according to Project
Voltage Documentation
(Schematic Diagram)
Check and Note Rated
Frequency 2) Frequency is
according to Project
Check and Note Primary and
Documentation
Secondary Current (Schematic Diagram,
Check and Note Primary and Single Line) and Settings
Secondary Voltage in Configuration (e.g.,
QuickSet) Tool are
matching
3) Primary and
Secondary
FMBT Current/Voltage are
according to Customer
Input Documents (Single
Line) and Settings in
Configuration Tool (e.g.,
QuickSet) are matching.
ii) Check of Binary Inputs: Binary inputs are
Check that Binary Inputs are according schematic
working properly diagram

iii) Check of Binary Outputs: Binary outputs are

Check that Output Contacts are according schematic
working properly and are diagram
configured according to Project
Documentation
Disturbance Recorder
1) Trigger: Check the trigger of Protection functions start
sample Protection Functions or trip produces a
95DR that are configured in the IED disturbance recorder
2) Analog Values: Check all Analog values are
Analog Values (Current, correctly recorded

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 Device/Function Detail Expected Result Passed Failed Comment
Voltage) that are connected to
the IED
Sync check Sync check settings and
logics are according to
Schematic drawings
Fast transfer Fast transfer settings and
logics are according to
schematic diagram
Logic
In-phase transfer In-phase transfer settings
and logics are according
to schematic diagram
Residual transfer Residual transfer settings
and logics are according
to schematic diagram

Blocking conditions
1) FMBT ready: FMBT be CB close command is not
enable in Relay (e.g., switch possible
BLK should be in ON position)
2) Protection Lockout: CB close command is not
Simulate protection lockout possible
(e.g., 86 or 96 lockout relay)
Command handling
1) Indications: Change the Positions are according
position from each switching to the primary equipment
object and check the status
CMD indications OPEN and
CLOSED
2) Operating Mode: Check for Operation is possible
each switching object the close from FMBT device
and open command
Current measurement
1) Nominal Values: Inject Primary and secondary
Current nominal current in all phases values are according to
and check values and angles on injection
the display or in HMI
Voltage measurement
1) Nominal Values: Inject Primary and secondary
Voltage nominal voltage in all phases values are according to
and check values and angles on injection
the display or in HMI

Power measurement
1) Nominal Values: Inject Active and Reactive
Power nominal current and voltage in Power are according to
all phases and check values (P, injection
Q) on the display or in HMI

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 Device/Function Detail Expected Result Passed Failed Comment

2) Power Factor: Inject CosPhi is according to

nominal current and nominal injection
voltage in all phases with
different angles and check
CosPhi.
Interlocking
1) Interlocking Conditions: The switching objects are
Check correct implementation interlocked according to
of the bay interlocking the interlocking
conditions according to the description
project interlocking
description. Eg. Upstream
breaker should be open,
ITL closing conditions should be
satisfied.
2) Interlocking Override: Interlocking Override
Simulate an interlocked pre- ON = All Interlocking
condition Simulate conditions are bypassed
Interlocking Bypass/Override
(e.g., switch/bypass selection
from pushbutton)

5.6 SITE ACCEPTANCE TESTING

This section describes the SAT procedures, criteria, and equipment that verify the functionality of the
FMBT IED (SEL-451), which are tested as part of this procedure.
The pre-commissioning test will be completed as per Section 5.1.

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5.6.1 SAT Procedure Template for FMBT Relay Panel
This SAT procedure has four parts:
1. Introduction
2. Turn-on sequence test
3. Test procedure fast bus transfer relays
a. DI and DO test
b. Logic checks
c. Functional method test
4. Installation, wiring modification, and commissioning

INTRODUCTION
This document describes the tests procedure of the FMBT relay panel. The tests will be carried out for
functions as per this document.
The various tests specified will be conducted at Site. For each part of the test one of the following
alternatives will apply.

TURN ON SEQUENCE TEST

Test Objective: To ensure FMBT hardware is healthy.
Test Description: Turn on the power to the FMBT IED equipment and check if the system/equipment has
started up.
Expected Result: Enabled LED on the relay is turned ON, rotating display & menu options are available
on the front HMI of relay. FMBT relay is functioning properly.

TEST PROCEDURE FAST BUS TRANSFER RELAYS

DIGITAL INPUT TEST

This test verifies the healthiness of the dc control inputs.
Step 1. Extend the rated voltage to each of following DIs and verify the corresponding DI going
active in relay HMI or SEL-5030 HMI.
Step 2. Used input shall be test with field initiation.
Step 3. Open the SEL-5030 HMI view after the relay is connected to PC.
Step 4. Open the Device Overview page and observe the Inputs status.
The DI description in Table 5.8 is applicable only for FMBT device.

Table 5.8: FMBT Digital Inputs

Description of Digital Input Digital Input on FMBT Checked

Incomer-1 CB ON status IN101

Incomer-2 CB ON status IN102
Bus coupler CB ON status IN103

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 Description of Digital Input Digital Input on FMBT Checked

Incomer-1 86 trip IN104

Incomer-2 86 trip IN105
Transformer-1 HV side CB OFF status IN106
Transformer-2 HV side CB OFF status IN107
87T (T/F-1) Operated IN201
87T (T/F-2) Operated IN202
Incomer-1 CB off status IN203
Auto transfers enable from selector switch IN204
Incomer-2 CB off status IN205
PT-MCB-1 Healthy IN206
PT-MCB-2 Healthy IN207
Bus coupler CB off status IN208

DIGITAL OUTPUT TEST

This test verifies the healthiness of the control output relay healthiness.
Step 1. Operate each output (spare) through front-panel or SEL-5030 HMI, then check continuity
of the contact that closes.
Step 2. Used output shall be verified with actual initiation from programmed functions.
Step 3. Open SEL-5030 HMI view after the relay is connected to PC.
Step 4. Open the Control Window page. Select the OUTPUT that you want to PULSE, and select
the duration of the PULSE.
Step 5. Execute the PULSE command. Verify the physical contact close of the corresponding
output.
The DO description in Table 5.9 is applicable only for FMBT device.

Table 5.9: FMBT Scheme Digital Outputs

Description of Digital Outpu Digital Output on FMBT Checked

Group Change to Incomer-1 OUTPUT 101

Group change to Incomer-2 OUTPUT 102
Spare OUTPUT 103
Transfer Operated OUTPUT 104
Transfer Operated OUTPUT 105
Spare OUTPUT 106
Spare OUTPUT 107
Spare OUTPUT 108
Spare OUTPUT 201

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 Description of Digital Outpu Digital Output on FMBT Checked

Spare OUTPUT 202

Spare OUTPUT 203
Transfer failed to SCADA OUTPUT 204
Transfer blocked to SCADA OUTPUT 205
Transfer successful to SCADA OUTPUT 206
Loss-of-potential alarm OUTPUT 207
Fast transfer operated OUTPUT 208
In-phase transfer operated OUTPUT 209
Residual transfer operated OUTPUT 210
Spare OUTPUT 211
Spare OUTPUT 212
Spare OUTPUT 213
Spare OUTPUT 214
Spare OUTPUT 215

LOGIC CHECKS
Cross verify the logics build in the relay with the approved logic in the drawings/scheme. If required,
refer to Section 5.3 for more details of negative testing to make sure whether logic is correct or not.

FUNCTIONAL METHOD TEST

Fast-Transfer Method:
Step 1. Enable fast-transfer method in relay, keep the in-phase method and residual method
disabled.
Step 2. Simulate the condition for fast transfer operation using numerical test kit.
Step 3. Relay operation in fast transfer method shall be verified through front-panel LED.
Step 4. Test settings as per Section 4.1.

Table 5.10: Simulation Test for Fast Transfer Method

State 2 State 3 State 4

State 1
State Drop in Motor Drop in Motor Normal State
Healthy Voltage
Bus Voltage Bus Voltage After Changeover

63.51 V 49.50 V 45.50 V 63.51 V

Motor bus voltage R-Ph 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz

63.51 V 63.51 V 63.51 V 63.51 V

Source bus voltage R-Ph 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz

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 State 2 State 3 State 4
State 1
State Drop in Motor Drop in Motor Normal State
Healthy Voltage
Bus Voltage Bus Voltage After Changeover

Max. State Time 15.00 sec 50msec 30msec 15.0 sec

• Voltage injection will be done through numerical secondary injection kit (Omicron/Double) using
state simulation.
• During State 1, Transfer Ready LED will glow, which confirms that relay logic is ok and ready
for transfer.
• In State 2 we need to give Trip initiation input using output logic of numerical kit and after
receiving trip initiation and verifying logic relay will go for fast transfer for defined transferred
duration.
• Fast Transfer LED will glow, which confirms the successful operation of fast method.
• Actual breaker operation will be checked during simulation.

IN-PHASE TRANSFER METHOD

Step 1. Enable in-phase method in relay, keep the residual method and fast transfer method
disabled.
a. In-phase transfer operation is not added in the functional method test, since the
dynamic variation of Bus Voltage, Slip, df/dt cannot be simulated through numerical
test kit.
b. We can use actual DR File for test using Event Play back option in Omicron/Doble
numerical test kit.
Step 2. Simulate the condition for in-phase transfer operation using numerical kit by event play
back option.
Step 3. Relay operation in in-phase transfer method shall be verified through front-panel LED.
Step 4. Test Settings as per Section 4.1.

RESIDUAL TRANSFER METHOD

Step 1. Enable residual method in relay, keep the in-phase method and fast transfer method
disabled.
Step 2. Simulate the condition for residual transfer operation using numerical test kit.
Step 3. Relay operation in residual transfer method shall be verified through front-panel LED.
Step 4. Test settings as per Section 4.1.

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 Table 5.11: Simulation Test for Residual Transfer

State 4
State 2 State 3
State 1 Normal State
State Drop in Motor Drop in Motor
Healthy Voltage After
Bus Voltage Bus Voltage
Changeover

63.51 V 14.50 V 13.50 V 63.51 V

Motor bus voltage R-Ph 0.00 ° 0.00 ° 0.00 ° 0.00 °
50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz

63.51 V 63.51 V 63.51 V 63.51 V

Source bus voltage R-Ph 0.00 ° 0.00 ° 0.00 ° 0.00 °
50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz 50.000 Hz

Max. State Time 15.00 sec 200msec 100msec 15.0 sec

• Voltage injection will be done through numerical secondary injection kit (Omicron/Doble) using
state simulation.
• During State 1, Transfer Ready LED will glow, which confirms that relay logic is ok and ready
for transfer.
• In State 2 we need to give Trip initiation input using output logic of numerical kit and after
receiving trip initiation and verifying logic relay will go for residual transfer for defined
transferred duration.
• Residual transfer LED will glow, which confirms the successful operation of residual transfer.
• Actual breaker operation will be checked during simulation.

INSTALLATION, WIRING MODIFICATION, AND COMMISSIONING

During removal of an existing FMBT relay and installation of a new FMBT relay, the bus requires
shutdown. SEL will make necessary isolation of the control supply prior to removal of the existing
controller/FMBT device.
Isolations:
Step 1. Switch off dc MCB, dc control supply will be dead.
Step 2. Switch off ac MCB, 220 ac supply will be dead.
Step 3. Isolate the PT TBs, internal wires for VT supply.
Step 4. Short the TBs for CT shorting.
Removal of existing controller:
Step 1. Using multimeter, verify all the existing FMBT device terminal no whetting voltage is
available.
Step 2. Disconnect all the wires from the device terminals.
Step 3. Remove the existing FMBT device.
Wiring modification:
Step 1. Install new FMBT device SEL-451.

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 Step 2. Rewire using existing wires to the new SEL-451 relay.
Step 3. Wiring check shall be done after completion of the rewiring.
Step 4. Turn on the control supply and verify the healthiness.
Unit testing and Pre-Commissioning Test:
Refer to Section 5.1.
Commissioning closeout:
The commissioning test is done with source all possible transfer checks.
We need both incomer voltage sources to be available for this test, hence the unit may need to be brought
online.
Step 1. When both sources are available, energize the bus with both the sources.
Step 2. Perform source transfer and re-transfer in automatic and manual mode by closing bus
coupler breaker.
Step 3. Once all the test successfully completed, the system will be left on Auto mode.
Once all the test successfully completed, check the healthiness of FMBT device, FMBT device ready
LED and healthiness of all the analogue signals.

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 REFERENCES
6.1 TECHNICAL PAPERS
[1] IEEE Power System Relaying Committee, “Motor Bus Transfer Applications Issues and
Considerations,” J9 Working Group Report, May 2012. Available: https://resourcecenter.ieee-
pes.org/publications/technical-reports/PESTR0054.html.
[2] P. Muralimanohar, D. Haas, J. R. McClanahan, R. T. Jagaduri, and S. Singletary,
“Implementation of a Microprocessor-Based Motor Bus Transfer Scheme,” proceedings of the
63rd Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conferfence, Philadelphia, PA,
September 2016. Available: https://selinc.com/api/download/116689/?lang=en.

6.2 APPLICATION GUIDES

[1] F. Calero and D. Haas, “Motor Bus Transfer Scheme for a Two-Source Configuration
Implemented in the SEL-451,” SEL Application Guide (AG2012-01), 2012. Available:
selinc.com.

6.3 PRODUCT INSTRUCTION MANUALS

[1] SEL-451 Protection, Automation, and Bay Control System Instruction Manual. Available:
selinc.com.
[2] SEL-700BT Motor Bus Transfer Relay Instruction Manual. Available: selinc.com.

6.4 SETTINGS DATABASE

ES GUIDE FMBT
28022022.rdb

6.5 SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS

3770_IntroducingSEL 3760_ImproveProces
s_MM-MD_20201020.pptx
-700BT_SW_20201110.pptx

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