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Lca Lab 8

Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) states that the sum of the voltages around any closed loop is equal to zero. The document describes an experiment to verify KVL in circuits with one and multiple power supplies. In the single supply circuit, voltage drops across each resistor were measured and found to sum to the supply voltage, verifying KVL. For the multiple supply circuit, currents and voltages in two loops were calculated and measured, then substituted into KVL equations to verify the results. The aim was to understand and apply KVL to analyze circuit voltages.

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Usama Mughal
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16 views

Lca Lab 8

Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) states that the sum of the voltages around any closed loop is equal to zero. The document describes an experiment to verify KVL in circuits with one and multiple power supplies. In the single supply circuit, voltage drops across each resistor were measured and found to sum to the supply voltage, verifying KVL. For the multiple supply circuit, currents and voltages in two loops were calculated and measured, then substituted into KVL equations to verify the results. The aim was to understand and apply KVL to analyze circuit voltages.

Uploaded by

Usama Mughal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment # 09

Title:
To Study and Implement Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
Objective:
1. To understand the principle of Kirchhoff’s voltage law
2. To write the voltage equation from the Kirchhoff’s Voltage law

Theory:
Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of all
voltages around a closed path (or loop) is zero . Expressed
mathematically, KVL states that

fig 1
To illustrate KVL, consider the circuit in Fig. 1. The sign on each
voltage is the polarity of the terminal encountered first as we travel around the loop. We can start with
any branch and go around the loop either clockwise or counterclockwise. Suppose we start with the
voltage source and go clockwise around the loop as shown; then
voltages would be and in that order. For example, as we reach branch 3, the positive
terminal is met first; hence, we have For branch 4, we reach the negative terminal first; hence, Thus, KVL
yields

Materials Required:
 Multimeter
 Experimental Kit: Electronic Trainer EES-21-305
 Resistor 100Ω , 150Ω
 Line Cords
Procedure:
Part (a): The Circuit with one power supply
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure below.

+0.93

+2.37
Volts

Volts
R1 R2
+1.98
0.47k 1.2k mA

Volts
+4.35 R4 R3 +4.35
2.2k 2.2k Volts

Vin

2. State the experiment by setting the direction of the current in the circuit.
3. Measure the voltage drop across every resistor.
4. Take the measured voltage values to write the Kirchhoff’s voltage equation.
5. Write down the values in Observation Table

Table. 1 Experiment with single power supply

Values VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 VT


Calculated 0.93 2.376 4.356 4.356 12
Measured 0.93 2.37 4.35 4.35 12
% Error 0 0 0 0 0

Calculations:
R1 = 0.47k Ω
R2 = 1.2k Ω
R3 =2.2k Ω
R4 = 2.2k Ω
RT= R1+ R2+R3+R4= 0.47+ 1.2+2.2+2.2
RT= 6.07K Ω
V = 12V
V 12
IT = = = 1.976 = 1.98mA
R T 6 .07 k

VR1= IR1*R1 = 1.98 × 0.47 = 0.93V


VR2= IR2*R2 = 1.98 × 1.2 = 2.37 V
VR3= IR3*R3= 1.98× 2.2 = 4.35V
VR4=IR4*R4 = 1.98× 2.2 = 4.35V
VIN = VR1+ VR2+VR3+VR4 = 0.93+ 2.37+4.35+4.35
Vin = 12V
Part (b): The Circuit with multiple power supplies

1. State the experiment by setting the direction of the current in the circuit.
2. Calculate the currents of both loop 1 and lop 2.
3. Calculate the voltages in loop1 according to the sequence of the set of letters.
4. Calculate the voltages in loop2 according to the sequence of the set of letters
5. Measure the currents of both loop 1 and loop 2.
6. Measure the voltages in loop1 according to the sequence of the set of letters.
7. Measure the voltages in loop2 according to the sequence of the set of letters
8. Substitute the measured values in the KVL equation.
9. Verify the experimental results
10. Calculate the percentage error:

Observation Table:
Table. 2 Loop ADEA
Values IT VAD VDE VEA
Calculated
Measured
% Error
Table. 3 Loop ABCDA
Values IT VAB VBC VCD VDA
Calculated
Measured
% Error

Conclusion:

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