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Pathophysiology Cad

This document outlines the pathophysiology of hypertension and its progression to heart failure. It describes how risk factors like age, sex, smoking, and physical inactivity can predispose someone to hypertension through unknown etiologies. Over time, high blood pressure can lead to endothelial injury, accumulation of lipid in the arterial walls, formation of plaques, and narrowed blood vessels obstructing blood flow and oxygen supply to tissues. This causes cardiac dysfunction, decreased cardiac output, activation of stress responses, fluid retention, and eventual damage to the lungs and heart muscle.

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Val Fiel
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21 views2 pages

Pathophysiology Cad

This document outlines the pathophysiology of hypertension and its progression to heart failure. It describes how risk factors like age, sex, smoking, and physical inactivity can predispose someone to hypertension through unknown etiologies. Over time, high blood pressure can lead to endothelial injury, accumulation of lipid in the arterial walls, formation of plaques, and narrowed blood vessels obstructing blood flow and oxygen supply to tissues. This causes cardiac dysfunction, decreased cardiac output, activation of stress responses, fluid retention, and eventual damage to the lungs and heart muscle.

Uploaded by

Val Fiel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PRECIPITATING FACTOR ETIOLOGY


PREDISPOSING FACTOR
HYPERTENSION UKNOWN
AGE: 53
TOBACCO USE SEX: MALE
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY

ENDOTHELIAL INJURY

↑PERMEABILITY OR
ADHESION OF MOLECULES

ACCUMULATION OF LIPID IN
THE INTIMA OF ARTERIAL
WALL

OXIDIZED LDL ATTRACTS MONOCYTE


THEN BECOMES MACROPHAGES

MACROPHAGE TAKES IN OXIDIZED


LDL THEN BECOMES FOAM CELLS

SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS MIGRATION


AND PROLIFERATION

FORMATION OF FIBROUS CAP

PLAQUE

NARROWED AND
OBSTRUCTED BLOOD FLOW

TX:
TRIMETAZIDINE
ISCHEMIA CHEST PAIN
ISOSORBIDE
MONONITRATE

MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION

SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION

↓ CARDIAC OUPUT
BARORECEPTOR ↓ OXYGEN SUPPLY ACTIVATION OF RENIN-
RESPONSE TO TISSUES ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE
SYSTEM
DIZZINESS
NAIL
ACTIVATION OF SYMPTHETIC CLUBBING ANGIOTENSIN I →
NERVOUS SYSTEM
ANGIOTENSIN II

VASOCONSTRICTION ↑ ALDOSTERONE

PITTING EDEMA
↑ AFTERLOAD TX: SODIUM AND WATER (BOTH LEGS)
↑ BLOOD PRESSURE HYPERTENSION SPINOROLACTONE RETENTION GRADE 3
CARVEDILOL

FLUID BUILDS UP IN THE TX:


VENTRICULAR LUNGS
CARDIOMEGALY SPINOROLACTONE
REMODELLING
FUROSEMIDE

PULMONARY
CONGESTION
DYSPNEA
COUGH

TX:
SPINOROLACTONE

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