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W21 Chapter 3 Integration

The document discusses integration as the inverse process of differentiation. It provides examples of: (1) Finding the integral of functions by recognizing them as the inverse of the derivative. (2) Completing tables showing the relationship between differentiation and integration. (3) Using integral notation and the basic integral rules for constants, polynomials, and rational functions.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views

W21 Chapter 3 Integration

The document discusses integration as the inverse process of differentiation. It provides examples of: (1) Finding the integral of functions by recognizing them as the inverse of the derivative. (2) Completing tables showing the relationship between differentiation and integration. (3) Using integral notation and the basic integral rules for constants, polynomials, and rational functions.

Uploaded by

bidarihassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Student’s Name: ……………………. Class: Saturday


Date: 28.05.2022
School: …………………. Week: 21
Time: 9.15 am ~ 11.45 am
cikgubid class, Heritage Garden, Kuching
Subject: AddMaths Form 5
Topic: 3. INTEGRATION (PENGAMIRAN)

3.1 Integration as the Inverse of Differentiation (Pengamiran sebagai Songsangan bagi


Pembezaan)

(I) Symbol of Integration  ∫ function / fungsi


(II) Notation for Integration is
with respect to x / terhadap x
∫ f(x) dx
(III) Integration is the reverse process of differentiation. / Pengamiran proses terbalikkan bagi
pembezaan.

dy d
= [ f ( x ) ]= f '( x )
If dx dx , then ∫ f '( x)dx=f ( x)
Examples:
(1)
dy
(i)
2
Given y=x , find dx . Hence, find ∫ 2x dx.
Solution:
dy
∴ =2x
dx ∫ 2x dx=x 2
dy
(ii)
3 2
Given y=3x −2x , find dx . Hence, find ∫ 9x 2−4x dx .
Solution:
dy
∴ =9x 2−4x ∵∫ 9x2 −4x dx= 3x 3−2x2
dx

(2) Complete the table below to shows the relation between differentiation and integration.
Lengkapkan jadual di bawah untuk menunjukkan perbezaan di antara pembezaan dan
pengamiran.

Differentiation / Pembezaan Integration / Pengamiran


d
(−4x)=−4
(i) dx

(ii) dx 3( )
d 2 3
x =2x
2

(iii)
∫−12x 2 dx=−4x 3
d
[ f (x )]=g( x)
(iv) dx
AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
2

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
3
3 dy
y= =g( x)
(3) Given 1−3x and dx , find ∫ 4g(x) dx .
3 dy
y= =g( x)
Diberi 1−3x dan dx , cari ∫ 4g(x) dx .
Solution:

dy d
=
3
(
If dx dx 1−3x
=g( x ) ) d 12
, so dx 1−3x
=4g( x)( )
, therefore
∫ 4g( x) dx =
12
1−3x .

Jika
dy d
dx
=
dx
3
1−3x (
=g( x ) )
, maka
d 12
dx 1−3x ( )
=4g( x)
, oleh itu
∫ 4g( x) dx =
12
1−3x .

dy −12x
y=
1 = 2 2 ∫ ( 6x−6x
2
+5)2
dx
(4) Given 6x + 5 and dx (6x +5 ) , find
2
.
dy −12x
y=
1 = 2 2 ∫ ( 6x−6x
2
+5)2
dx
Diberi 6x 2+ 5 dan dx (6x +5 ) , cari .

Solution:

If
dy d
=
1
2
dx dx 6x +5 (=
−12x
2 2 )
d 1
2
−6x
= 2 2 (
(6x +5) , so dx 2( 6x +5) (6x +5 ) , )
−6x 1
∫ ( 6x2+5 )2 dx= 2 (6x2 +5) .
therefore,

Exercise 1
Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x. / Bezakan setiap ungkapan
berikut terhadap x.
4
(a) y=−4x 2−3 (b) y=4x 4 +5x 3 −4 y= −5
(c) x

(d) y=( 4x−1 ) 3 (e) y=2x( 2x−1)4 y=


3x
(f) 2x−1

dy du dv u du dv
y=u. v ⇒ y= v −u
=v +u v
⇒ dy dx dx
dx dx dx =
AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid dx v2
4

3.2 INDEFINITE INTEGRAL (PENGAMIRAN TAK TENTU)

∫a d x=ax+ c a and c are constants


a dan c ialah pemalar
Examples:
(a) ∫ 6 dx=6x +c
(b) ∫−4 dx=−4x +c
3 3
∫− 4 dx=− x+c
4
(c)
(d) ∫ 0 . 9 dx=0. 9x +c
(e) ∫ π dx=πx +c
n+1
x
∫ xn dx=
n+1
+c n≠−1

Examples:
x5+1
(a) ∫ x 5 dx= 5+1
+c
6
x
= +c
6

x 10+1
(b) ∫−x 10 dx=− 10+1
+c
11
x
=− +c
11
1
(c) ∫ √ x dx=∫ x 2 dx
1
+1
2
x
= +c
1
+1
2
3
2
x
= +c
3
2
3
2√x
2 3
2x
= + c or +c
3 3

1
(d) ∫ x3 dx=∫ 1 x−3 dx
−3+1
1x
= +c
−3+1
1x−2
= +c
−2
1
=− 2 +c
2x

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
5

n+1 n≠−1
∫ ax dx=axn+1 +c
n
a and c are constants
a dan c ialah pemalar
Examples:
2x5+1
(a)
∫ 2x dx=5+1 +c
5

2x 6
= +c
6
x6
= +c
3

4 4x−3
(b)
∫− 3x 3
dx= ∫ 3 dx

=−
4 x−3+1
3 −3+1 (
+c )
4x−2
=− +c
3 (−2 )
2x−2
= +c
3
2
= 2 +c
3x

3 3
(c) ∫√ x dx=∫ 1
dx
2
x
1

=∫ 3x 2
dx
1
− +1
2
3x
= +c
1
− +1
2
1
2 1
3x 2
= +c ⇒ =6x +c or
1
2 ¿ 6 √ x +c

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
6
n
*Integration for the function (ax+b) , where a and b are constant, n≠−1 .
n
*Pengamiran untuk fungsi (ax+b) , dengan keadaan a dan b adalah pemalar, n≠−1 .

( ax+ b )n+1
∫ ( ax +b ) dx= ( a)(n+1 ) + c
n

Examples:
(a) ( 4x−7 )4 +1
∫ (4x−7 )4 dx= (4 )( 4+1)
+c

( 4x−7 )5
= +c
20

(b) 4 (2−5x )5+1


∫ 4(2−5x ) dx=(−5)(5+1 ) + c
5

4(2−5x )6
= +c
−30
2(2−5x )6
=− +c
15

3
(c)
∫ (1−x )4 dx=∫ 3(1−x )−4 dx
3(1−x )−4+1
= +c
(−1 )(−4+1 )
=1(1−x )−3 +c
1
= +c
(1−x )3
Substitution Method / Kaedah Penggantian

2 2
∫ 3 ( 3 x−2 )4 dx= 3 ∫ ( 3 x−2 )4 dx
(d)

Let u=3 x−2


du du
=3 ⇒ =dx
dx 3

2 du
=
3
∫ u4
3
2
¿ ∫ u4 du
9
2 u 4+1
= +c
9 ( 4 +1)
2(3 x -1 )5
¿ +c
45

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
7
Exercise 2

1. Find the following indefinite integral. / Cari kamiran tak tentu berikut.

−2 −3 4
∫ 3
x dx ∫ x 4 dx
(a) (b)

4 5
(c) ∫ √ t 3 dt (d)
∫− 6 x 5 dx

6 9
∫3 du ∫− 4 √ y dy
(e) √u (f)

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
8
2. Determine the indefinite integral for each of the following algebraic expression.
Tentukan kamiran tak tentu bagi fungsi algebra yang berikut.

(a) ∫ 6x 2−x+1 dx (b) ∫ 5+2x−x 3 dx

(c) ∫ (1−x)(2+x2) dx ∫
4−3x
x3
dx
(d)

2 2
x( x −4)
∫ 2x +x−6
2x−3
dx ∫ 3 dx
(e) (f)

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
9
3 2 2
4 x +x −2 x
∫ dx ∫ 3x3 +12 dx
(g) x (h) √x

( )
2
1 1 5 t(t −16)
∫ 2x 2 1+ x −3x 4 dx ∫ t−4 dt
(i) (j)

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
10
3. Find the indefinite integral for each of the following: / Cari kamiran tak tentu bagi setiap yang
berikut:

∫−3(2x+3 )5 dx
3
4 (1−2x )
(a) ∫ 3 dx
(b)

−2 1
∫ (3x−1)5 dx ∫ 2 √ x+9 dx
(c) (d)

9 4
∫ dx ∫ √−4y dy
( )
3
1 (f)
5 2− x
(e) 2

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
11
4
∫ 5(1−2 x)4 dx=m(1−2 x )n +c
4. Given that , find the values of m and of n.
4
∫ 5(1−2 x)4 dx=m(1−2 x )n +c
Diberi , cari nilai-nilai m dan n.

dy
(IV) Finding the Equation of Curve Given the Gradient Function, dx .
dy
Mencari Persamaan suatu Lengkung diberi Fungsi kecerunan, dx .
2
1. A curve has a gradient function 3 x +2 x−2 . Given the curve passes through the point
(1, −3) . Find the equation of the curve.
2
Suatu lengkung mempunyai fungsi kecerunan 3 x +2 x−2 . Diberi lengkung itu melaui titik
(1, −3) . Cari persamaan lengkung tersebut.

dy
=4 x+2
2. The curve for which dx passes through the point (1, −3) . Find the equation of the
curve.
dy
=4 x +2
Suatu lengkung dengan keadaan dx melalui titik (1, −3) .Cari persamaan lengkung
itu.

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
12

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
13
3. Find the equation of a curve that has a gradient of x +1 at the point (4, 2).
Cari persamaan lengkung yang mempunyai kecerunan x +1 pada titik (4, 2).

2
4. Given the gradient function of a curve is kx + 4 . Find the equation of the curve that passes
through points (0, 1) and (3, 1).
2
Diberi fungsi kecerunan suatu lengkung ialah kx + 4 . Cari persamaan lengkung itu yang
melaui titik-titik (0, 1) dan (3, 1).

5. The gradient function of a curve is px+3 , where p is a constant. The straight line y=5−2 x
is a tangent to the curve at the point (−2, 1) . Find
Fungsi kecerunan suatu lengkung ialah px+3 , dengan keadaan p ialah pemalar. Garis lurus
y=5−2 x ialah tangen kepada lengkung itu pada titik (−2, 1) . Cari
(a) the value of p, / nilai p,
(b) the equation of the curve. / persamaan lengkung tersebut.

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
14
2
6. Given the equation of the curve which passes through point P is y=(2 x−1) . The normal
1

gradient to the curve at the point P is 2 . Find the coordinates of point P.
2
Diberi persamaan bagi suatu lengkung yang melalui titik P ialah y=(2 x−1) . Kecerunan
1

normal kepada lengkung itu pada titik P ialah 2 . Cari koordinat titik P.

2
7. The equation of a curve is y=x +px+q . Given that the gradient at the point (1,−1) is
2x+5 . Find the value of p and of q.
2
Persamaan suatu lengkung ialah y=x +px+q . Diberi kecerunan pada titik (1,−1) ialah
2x+5 . Cari nilai p dan nilai q.

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid
15
2
8. The gradient function of a curve which passes through A (1,−12 ) is 3x −6x . Find
2
Fungsi kecerunan suatu lengkung yang melalui titik A (1,−12 ) ialah 3x −6x . Cari
(a) the equation of the curve, / persamaan lengkung itu,
(b) the coordinates of the turning points of the curve and determine whether each of the
turning points is a maximum or a minimum
koordinat titik pusingan bagi lengkung itu dan tentukan sama ada setiap titik pusingan
itu adalajh maksimum atau minimum. . [SPM 2004, P2, 6 marks]

2
9. A curve has a gradient function px −4x , where p is a constant. The tangent to the curve at
the point (1, 3) is parallel to the straight line y +x−5=0 . Find
2
Suatu lengkung mempunyai fungsi kecerunan px −4x , dengan keadaan p ialah satu
pemalar. Tangen kepada lengkung pada titik (1, 3) adalah selari dengan garis lurus
y +x−5=0 . Cari
(a) the value of p, / nilai bagi p,
(b) the equation of the curve. / persamaan lengkung itu. [SPM 2005, P2, 6 marks]

AMF5/Sat/W21/@cikgubid

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