Abstract:

The Education system of any nation is always affected and influenced by some ultimate factors that
shape

the whole education system in some kind of formation and also lead to certain direction. The present

article is about the factors affecting the education system of a nation. It narrates how various factors
such

as historical and cultural factors, aims of nation, political, social and scientific factors and educational

planning play a significant role in developing and extending education in a country. The author has read

different books related to the development of education, analyzed the major ideas and derived these

factors. The factors in this article include Historical and Cultural factors, Nation’s Life-Perspectives,

Goals and Aims, Political, Social and Scientific factors and the Education Planning. These factors in its

major form include various sub-factors that can extensively affect the education system.

Keywords: Education system, Factors, Nation

1. Introduction

The education system of a nation is always affected by some particular factors, i.e. the National identity,
its

historical and cultural backgrounds, the country’s political, economical, social, scientific and

administrative factors, etc. These factors especially affect on the educational planning, education

administration, expansion of education to the remotest areas of the country, opportunities of getting
enough

education for all without the differences of castes, religions and gender, the programmes of awareness
and

importance of education and the thinking of people who are connected to the system of education
directly

and indirectly. With their greatest impact of all these aspects, these key factors show certain directions
to

the education system of a nation. These directions can be useful in making newer policies and
regulations

for education according to the vision of the nation and its abilities on the whole.

2. Historical and Cultural Factors

The historical and cultural factors are those which have been affected the education system for the long-
long years. These factors affect the development of education done throughout the years and also show
the

impact of other nation’s education system on it. The historical and cultural factors are :

2.1 Democratic Decentralization

Democratic decentralization is necessary in education as it links the people with the educational

administration and management. It makes individual free from boundaries. It emphasizes on equal

opportunities of education for all. The best of democratic decentralization is seen in U.S.A. where the

educational institutes are administrated by the representatives of people. It has played an important role
in

the enrichment and development of education in U.S.A.

2.2 Extension of Education

This historical factor shows the progress of education. In its root, it involves compulsory education, flows

of progress in education, doorways of knowledge, development of art, science and technology education

and investments for this. It also indicates the political, economic and social development of the country.
All

International Journal of Research in all Subjects in Multi Languages

[Author: Rajnikant S. Dodiya] [Subject: Education]

Vol. 6, Issue: 2, February: 2018

(IJRSML) ISSN: 2321 - 2853

88 Print, International, UGC Approved, Reviewed & Indexed Monthly Journal www.raijmr.com

RET Academy for International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research (RAIJMR)

these have been affecting the extension of education for many years. The extension of education can be

done through the active participation of people, teachers and educationists in education system. In
England,

95% children of school age were recorded in the decade of 1970 – ’80, which are notable numbers. In

Germany, in the year of 1901, 98.46% children of school age were recorded. In comparison, the
extension

of education in India was noticed very slow.

2.3 Development of Industrial and Technical Education

The tradition of industrial and technical education is very old and has been developing for a long time. In
olden times, the explosion of knowledge began the scientific and industrial revolution in many countries.

As a result, new flows of development were included in education. It extended the institutes of industrial

and technical education in different countries. In Japan, the industrial and professional education was
given

after the primary education. There was also a system of apprenticeship in the factories. In Germany, in
the

year of 1973, about 70% students were recorded in the professional institutes at the level of secondary

school education.

2.4 Foreign Impact

Foreign impact involves the new flows of innovations, new techniques, technologies, methods, new

practices and thinking in education. It has been impacted on the patterns of the educational institutes,

medium of education, teaching methods and approaches and different educational programmes. The

education system of Philippines has been affected very much by the education system of U.S.A. It is due
to

the interest of American Governors in the education system of Philippines that has played a major role in

enriching and developing it.

2.5 The Factors of Conventionality and Inequality

The factor of conventionality puts hindrances in bringing innovations and changes in education. It
prevents

the speedy and revolutionary improvements. Holding of old traditions affect the educational researches
and

proper implementation of programmes. On the other side, the factor of inequality among people
produces

backwardness in education. Throughout the ancient times, the backward people have been remained

omitted because of it. It is a major obstacle in the way of educational progress. The nations like China,

Germany and India have suffered many difficulties in the development of education because of these

cultural factors.

3. Nation’s Life - perspectives – Goals and Aims

A nation should have its life-perspectives to prepare a planning for the long-term development in

education. Nation’s life-perspectives involve many goals and aims of education which are discussed here:

3.1 Equal Educational Opportunities for all

can develop his inner capabilities and can contribute to the national development in the long-term. It is,

therefore, necessary to put a full stop mark on the social, economic and cultural erosion of one person
by

another.

3.2 Education for Individual Freedom and Human Welfare

Education is for making the individual free from bondages, developing his personality and making him

productive by mind and harmonious with others. It develops great morality and intellectual power
within

him so that he can contribute to social prosperity and welfare as well as can help in developing himself
and

others, too.

3.3 Innovations and changes by Education

This goal of education is very essential to achieve as it gives new form and direction to the social and

economic development. Not only education is necessary in bringing the changes, but the human
endeavors

are equally important, too. Modernization and reconstruction of industry, changes in life-style, f