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CH 10 Fmis

This document provides an overview of farmer-managed irrigation systems (FMIS) in Nepal. It discusses relevant water acts and policies, the formation and management of FMIS organizations, and water rights issues. It also introduces Uphoff's matrix for understanding irrigation management through three interlocking components - water use, physical structures, and administrative organizations. The matrix identifies key activities in each component, such as water allocation, structure operation and maintenance, and decision making.

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Prakash Lama
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31 views

CH 10 Fmis

This document provides an overview of farmer-managed irrigation systems (FMIS) in Nepal. It discusses relevant water acts and policies, the formation and management of FMIS organizations, and water rights issues. It also introduces Uphoff's matrix for understanding irrigation management through three interlocking components - water use, physical structures, and administrative organizations. The matrix identifies key activities in each component, such as water allocation, structure operation and maintenance, and decision making.

Uploaded by

Prakash Lama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 10

Introduction to Farmer
Managed Irrigation System
Contents
10.1 Introduction of FMIS in Asian & Nepalese context
10.2 Introduction to water resources act, policy, water plan, water
strategy and irrigation regulation and legislation, environment act &
guidelines, formation and management of FMIS organization (by
participatory approach)
10.3 Water right issues – statuary & customary right, water allocation &
arrangement, water related disputes & resolutions, use of Uphoff’s
matrix on irrigation management
Introduction to FMIS
• Irrigation system management – an important aspect in the agricultural
development
• Using indigenous technologies farmers have been managing irrigation
system for centuries in Nepal.
• Organized Water Users' Associations (WUAs) or Groups (WUGs) in the
farmer-managed irrigation schemes in Nepal have been present for a
long time.
• Such groups or associations of farmers can be found in different Asian
countries like India, Sri Lanka, and different African countries
• ‘‘People's Participation’’
Introduction to water resource act, policy....
• Water Resources Act, 2049 was issued on 17 December 1992 (17
Poush, 2049) to provide the management of water resources.
• Water Resources Rules, 2050 was issued on 1993 (2050 BS) by
Government of Nepal exercising the power conferred by section 24 of
Water Resources Act, 2049 in order to carry out the objectives of the
act.
• Irrigation Rules, 2056 was issued on 2000 (2056 BS) by Government
of Nepal exercising the power conferred by section 24 of Water
Resources Act, 2049 in order to carry out the objectives of the act.
Introduction to water resource act, policy....
• Environment Protection Act, 2053 was issued on 1997 (2053 BS) as an
act made to provide for protection of environment.
• Environment Protection Rules, 2054 was issued soon after
Environment Protection Act, 2053 to carry out the objectives of the act.
• Formation and management of FMIS organization
• The Users' Association registration is done following the rule 1 of the Irrigation
Rules, 2056. Chapter 2 of the document provides rules and guidelines on
different aspects related to Users' Association.
Formation of FMIS
Generally, Water Users' Associations (Institutions) have their rules
(constitution) which usually includes following chapters:
1. Preliminary
2. Objectives
3. Membership
4. General assembly and water user management committee
5. Work, responsibility and rights
6. Financial and resource management
7. Miscellaneous
Water Right Issues ….. Uphoff’s Matrix
The right on water resources, in general, is described in the rule 28 of Water Resources Rules, 2050.
Generally, Water Users' Groups at tertiary unit are responsible for water distribution, conflict resolution and
channel maintenance within the tertiary unit.
The groups or associations have their rules, generally, written or, sometimes, verbal which are the basis for
management of issues.
Water Right Issues ….. Uphoff’s Matrix
In main system management of Irrigation management can be understood
irrigation, three components are in terms of three interlocking sets of
necessary for consideration: activities, each with a different but
• Physical Structures - the ‘hardware’ complementary focus, respectively.
which reach from main system to • water used in irrigation;
user levels;
• physical structures that control water, and
• Administrative Organizations -
‘system-level software’; and • organizations, both system-level and farm-level,
that control these structures, which control the
• Water User association - ‘user-level water.
software’.
Matrix of Irrigation Management
Activities

reproduced from the work of


Norman Uphoff
Uphoff Matrix
For the first set of activities focused on water use, there must be:
• acquisition of water, from surface or sub-surface sources, by creating
or operating structures like dams, weirs or wells, or by actions to
obtain for users some share of an existing supply;
• allocation of water by assigning rights to users, thereby determining
who shall have access to water;
• distribution of water brought from the source among users at certain
places, in certain amounts, and at certain times; and
• drainage of water, where this is necessary to remove excess supply.
Uphoff Matrix
For the second set of activities focused on physical structures, there must be:
• Design of structures such as dams or wells to acquire water, channels and
gates to distribute it, and drains to remove it;
• Construction of such structures (or implementation in the case of allocation
systems) to be able to acquire, distribute and remove water;
• Operation of these structures to acquire, distribute and remove water
according to some predetermined plan of allocation; and
• Maintenance of these structures in order to have continued and efficient
acquisition, allocation, distribution and removal of water.
Uphoff Matrix
For the third set of activities pertain to the organizations that manage
irrigation, at any and all levels, there must be:
• Decision making for acquisition, allocation, distribution and/or drainage, to design,
construct operate or maintain physical structures, and regarding any organizational
tasks;
• Resource mobilization and management, including the mobilization and application of
funds, manpower, materials, information or any other inputs needed;
• Communication and coordination regarding any of the activity areas noted above,
conveying information about decisions, resource mobilization, conflicts to be resolved,
etc.; and
• Conflict resolution , dealing with differences of interest that arise from activities of
acquisition, allocation, distribution, drainage, design, construction, operation, or
maintenance, or from any organizational activities.
Uphoff Matrix
Third set: organization
Each of these four can involve to any of the 16 combinations of water-
related and structure-oriented activities as by previous analysis.
These four organizational activities are equally relevant in the formal
and informal domains of irrigation management.
Likewise, these four organizational activity areas can apply equally to
intra- and inter-organizational domains.

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