TST1501/101/3/2023

Tutorial Letter 101/3/2023

Theory of Structures
TST1501

Semester 1 and 2

Department of Civil Engineering

IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Please register on myUnisa, activate your myLife e-mail account and
make sure that you have regular access to the myUnisa module
website, TST1501-2023-S1/S2, as well as your group website.

Note: This is a fully online module. It is, therefore, only available on myUnisa.

BARCODE
CONTENTS

Page

1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 4
2 MODULE OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Outcomes ..................................................................................................................................... 5
3 CURRICULUM TRANSFORMATION ........................................................................................... 6
4 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS................................................................................... 6
4.1 Lecturer(s) .................................................................................................................................... 6
4.2 Department ................................................................................................................................... 6
4.3 University ...................................................................................................................................... 6
5 RESOURCES ............................................................................................................................... 7
5.1 Prescribed book(s) ........................................................................................................................ 7
5.2 Recommended book(s) ................................................................................................................. 7
5.3 Electronic reserves (e-reserves) ................................................................................................... 7
5.4 Library services and resources ..................................................................................................... 7
6 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES ................................................................................................ 8
6.1 First-Year Experience Programme ................................................................................................ 9
7. STUDY PLAN ............................................................................................................................... 9
8 HOW TO STUDY ONLINE ............................................................................................................ 9
8.1 What does it mean to study fully online? ..................................................................................... 10
9. ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................................... 11
9.1 Assessment criteria..................................................................................................................... 11
9.2 Assessment plan ........................................................................................................................ 11
9.3 Assessment due dates ................................................................................................................ 11
9.4 Submission of assessments........................................................................................................ 12
9.5 The assessments ........................................................................................................................ 13
9.6 Other assessment methods ........................................................................................................ 13
9.6.1 ECSA Graduate Attributes……………………………………………………………………..13
9.6.2 Practical work …………………………………………………………………………………...13
9.7 The examination ......................................................................................................................... 13
9.7.1 Invigilation/proctoring .................................................................................................................. 14
9.8 Supplementary........................................................................................................................... 15

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10. ACADEMIC DISHONESTY ........................................................................................................ 15

10.1 Plagiarism ................................................................................................................................... 15
10.2 Cheating ..................................................................................................................................... 15
10.3 For more information about plagiarism, follow the link below: ..................................................... 15
11. STUDENTS LIVING WITH DISABILITIES .................................................................................. 15
12. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ........................................................................................ 15
13. SOURCES CONSULTED ........................................................................................................... 15
14. IN CLOSING ............................................................................................................................... 16
15. ADDENDUM ............................................................................................................................... 16

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1 INTRODUCTION
Dear Student

Unisa is a comprehensive open distance e-learning (CODeL) higher education institution.

The comprehensiveness of our curricula encapsulates a range of offerings, from strictly
vocational to strictly academic certificates, diplomas and degrees. Unisa's "openness" and its
distance eLearning character result in many students registering at Unisa who may not have
had an opportunity to enrol in higher education. Our CODeL character implies that our
programmes are carefully planned and structured to ensure success for students ranging
from the under-prepared but with potential to the sufficiently prepared.

Teaching and learning in a CODeL context involves multiple modes of delivery ranging from
blended learning to fully online. As a default position, all post graduate programmes are
offered fully online with no printed study materials, while undergraduate programmes are
offered in a blended mode of delivery where printed study materials are augmented with
online teaching and learning via the learner management system – myUnisa. In some
instances, undergraduate programmes are offered fully online as well.

Furthermore, our programmes are aligned with the vision, mission and values of the
University. Unisa's commitment to serve humanity and shape futures combined with a clear
appreciation of our location on the African continent, Unisa's graduates have distinctive
graduate qualities which include

• independent, resilient, responsible and caring citizens who are able to fulfil and serve
in multiple roles in their immediate and future local, national and global communities

• having a critical understanding of their location on the African continent with its
histories, challenges and potential in relation to globally diverse contexts

• the ability to critically analyse and evaluate the credibility and usefulness of
information and data from multiple sources in a globalised world with its ever-
increasing information and data flows and competing worldviews

• how to apply their discipline-specific knowledges competently, ethically and creatively

to solve real-life problems

• an awareness of their own learning and developmental needs and future potential

Whether a module is offered either as blended (meaning that we use a combination of printed
and online material to engage with you) or online (all information is available via the internet),
we use myUnisa as our virtual campus. This is an online system that is used to administer,
document and deliver educational material to you and support engagement with you. Look
out for information from your lecturer as well as other Unisa platforms to determine how to
access the virtual myUnisa module site. Information on the tools that will be available to
engage with the lecturer and fellow students to support your learning will also be
communicated via various platforms.

You are encouraged to log into the module site, include the module website code in full on
myUnisa regularly (that is, at least twice per week).

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Because this is a fully online module, you will need to use myUnisa to study and complete the
learning activities for this module. Visit the website for TST1501 on myUnisa frequently. The
website for your module is TST1501-2023-S1/S2
We are pleased to welcome you to Theory of structures (TST1501) module and hope that you
will find it both interesting and rewarding. We shall do our best to make your study of this
module successful.

We wish you every success with your studies!

2 MODULE OVERVIEW
2.1 Purpose

This module is compulsory and core for the Diploma in Civil Engineering. The purpose of this
module is to enable students to develop competencies and skills in solving problems in
materials stress and strain, analysis of stresses, structural sectional properties, analysis of
determinate and indeterminate beams using different methods, statically determinate pin-jointed
frames.

2.2 Outcomes

Specific outcome 1: Apply knowledge of mathematics, physical science and engineering

fundamentals to identify and solve problems through accurate calculations and measurements
of basic SI units and dimensions as used in engineering.
Specific outcome 2: The student must be able understand simple stress and strain.
Specific Outcome 3: The student must be able to understand the second moment area of a
structural section.
Specific Outcome 4: The student must be able to analyse simple beams.
Specific Outcome 5: The student must be able to understand slope and deflection of beams
Specific Outcome 6: The student must be able to analyze simple trusses.
Specific Outcome 7: The student must be able to understand the transformation of stresses.

3 CURRICULUM TRANSFORMATION
Unisa has implemented a transformation charter, in terms of which the university has placed curriculum
transformation high on the teaching and learning agenda. Curriculum transformation includes student-
centred scholarship, the pedagogical renewal of teaching and assessment practices, the scholarship of
teaching and learning, and the infusion of African epistemologies and philosophies. All of these will be
phased in at both programme and module levels, and as a result of this you will notice a marked change
in the teaching and learning strategy implemented by Unisa, together with the way in which the content
is conceptualised in your modules. We encourage you to embrace these changes during your studies at
Unisa in a responsive way within the framework of transformation

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4 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS
4.1 Lecturer(s)

The primary lecturer for this module: Ms M.A Rikhotso

Department: Civil Engineering
Telephone: 011471 2048
E-mail: [email protected]
4.2 Department

You can contact the Department of Civil Engineering as follows:

Telephone number: 011 471 2048/3132/2627

E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected]

4.3 University

To contact the University, follow the instructions in the brochure Study @ Unisa. Remember to
have your student number available whenever you contact the University. Whenever you
contact a lecturer, please include your student number to enable the lecturer to help you more
effectively.

Contact addresses of the various administrative departments appear on the Unisa website:
http://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Contact-us/Student-enquiries.

Please include the student number in all correspondence

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5 RESOURCES
5.1 Prescribed book(s)

No prescribed textbook For this module.

5.2 Recommended book(s)

Some recommended books are:

Strength of materials for technicians, Fourth edition 2011

J.G Drotsky, ISBN 9781775782421

Published by the Butterworth Group South Africa

Structural analysis, Fourth edition

By Aslam Kassimali

ISBN-13:978-0-495-29567-9

ISBN-10:0-495-29567-1

Note: any good structural analysis book or strength of materials books will be of help.

E-reserves can be downloaded from the Library catalogue. More information is available at:

http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/request

5.3 Electronic reserves (e-reserves)

E-reserves can be downloaded from the library catalogue. More information is available at:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/request

5.4 Library services and resources

The Unisa library offers a range of information services and resources:

• For brief information, go to https://www.unisa.ac.za/library/libatglance

• For more detailed library information, go to
http://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Library
• For research support and services (e.g. the services offered by personal librarians
and the request a literature search service offered by the information search librarians),
go to http://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Library/Library-services/Research-
support
• For library training for undergraduate students, go to
https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Library/Library-services/Training

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 The library has created numerous library guides, available at http://libguides.unisa.ac.za

Recommended guides:

• Request and find library material/download recommended material:

http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/request
• Postgraduate information services: http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/postgrad
• Finding and using library resources and tools:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/Research_skills
• Frequently asked questions about the library:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/ask
• Services to students living with disabilities:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/disability
• A–Z of library databases:
https://libguides.unisa.ac.za/az.php

Important contact information:

• Ask a librarian: https://libguides.unisa.ac.za/ask
• Technical problems encountered in accessing library online services: Lib-
[email protected]
• General library-related queries: [email protected]
• Queries related to library fines and payments: [email protected]
• Social media channels: Facebook: UnisaLibrary and Twitter: @UnisaLibrary

6 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES

The Study @ Unisa brochure is available on myUnisa: www.unisa.ac.za/brochures/studies

This brochure contains important information and guidelines for successful studies through
Unisa.

If you need assistance with regard to the myModules system, you are welcome to use the
following contact details:

• Toll-free landline: 0800 00 1870 (Select option 07 for myModules)

• E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]

You can access and view short videos on topics such as how to view your calendar, how to
access module content, how to view announcements for modules, how to submit assessment
and how to participate in forum activities via the following link: https://dtls-
qa.unisa.ac.za/course/view.php?id=32130

Registered Unisa students get a free myLife e-mail account. Important information, notices
and updates are sent exclusively to this account. Please note that it can take up to 24 hours
for your account to be activated after you have claimed it. Please do this immediately after
registering at Unisa, by following this link: [email protected]

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Your myLife account is the only e-mail account recognised by Unisa for official
correspondence with the university, and will remain the official primary e-mail address on
record at Unisa. You remain responsible for the management of this e-mail account.

6.1 First-Year Experience Programme

Many students find the transition from school education to tertiary education stressful. This is also true in
the case of students enrolling at Unisa for the first time. Unisa is a dedicated open distance and e-
learning institution, and it is very different from face-to-face/contact institutions. It is a mega university,
and all our programmes are offered through either blended learning or fully online learning. It is for this
reason that we thought it necessary to offer first-time students additional/extended support to help them
seamlessly navigate the Unisa teaching and learning journey with little difficulty and few barriers. We
therefore offer a specialised student support programme to students enrolling at Unisa for the first time –
this is Unisa’s First-Year Experience (FYE) Programme, designed to provide you with prompt and helpful
information about services that the institution offers and how you can access information. The following
FYE services are currently offered:

• FYE website: All the guides and resources you need in order to navigate through your
first year at Unisa can be accessed using the following link: www.unisa.ac.za/FYE

• FYE e-mails: You will receive regular e-mails to help you stay focused and motivated.

• FYE broadcasts: You will receive e-mails with links to broadcasts on various topics
related to your first-year studies (e.g. videos on how to submit assessments online).

• FYE mailbox: For assistance with queries related to your first year of study, send an e-
mail to [email protected] .

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7. STUDY PLAN

The main study tool that we will use is the Lessons tool. The content and assessments of your
module will be provided in this tool. At times you will be directed to join discussions with fellow
students and complete activities and assessments before you can continue with the content of
the module.

It is very important that you log in to myUnisa regularly. We recommend that you log in at least
once a week to do the following:

▪
Check for new announcements. You can also set your myLife e-mail account to receive
the announcement e-mails on your cell phone.
▪ Do the Discussion Forum activities. When you do the activities for each learning unit, we
want you to share your answers with the other students in your group. You can read the
instructions and even prepare your answers offline, but you will need to go online to post
your messages. We have also provided the Social Cafe where you can socialise with the
other students in the module.
▪ Do other online activities. For some of the learning unit activities you might need to post
something on the Blog tool, take a quiz or complete a survey under the Self-Assessment
tool. Do not skip these activities because they will help you complete the assignments
and the activities for the module.
We hope that by giving you extra ways to study the material and practise all of the activities,
this system will help you succeed in the online module. To get the most out of the online
module you MUST go online regularly to complete the activities and assignments on time.

8. HOW TO STUDY ONLINE

8.1 What does it mean to study fully online?

Studying fully online modules differs completely from studying some of your other modules at
Unisa.

• All your study material and learning activities for online modules are designed
to be delivered online on myUnisa.

• All of your assignments must be submitted online. This means that you do all
your activities and submit all your assignments on myUnisa. In other words, you may
NOT post your assignments to Unisa using the South African Post Office.

• All of the communication between you and the University happens online.
Lecturers will communicate to you by e-mail, sms and using the Announcements,
the Discussion Forums and the Questions and Answers tools. You can also use
all of these ways to ask questions and contact your lecturers.

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9. ASSESSMENT
9.1 Assessment criteria

Assignments are seen as part of the learning material for this module. As you do the
assignments, study the reading texts, consult other resources, discuss the work with fellow
students or e-tutors or do research, you are actively engaged in learning. Looking at the
assessment criteria given for each assignment will help you to understand what is required of
you more clearly.

9.2 Assessment plan

• To complete this module, you will be required to submit seven (7) assessments.

• All information about when and where to submit your assessments will be made available
to you via the myModules site for your module.

• Due dates for assessments, as well as the actual assessments are available on the
myModules site for this module.

• Your assessments will comprise a combination of Assignments, minor tests and major
tests.

• The weighting for all assessments is as follows:

Assignment 1/Assessment 1 – 5%
Assignment 2/Assessment 2 - 5%
Practical Report/Assessment 4– 30%
Practical Repeat/Assessment 5 – 30%
Major Test 1/Assessment 3 – 30%
Major Test 2/Assessment 6 – 30%
Retest/Assessment 7 – 30% - Optional to write this assessment

• The tests will be a timed take-home test.

• The major tests will be proctored.

• Please watch out for announcements on how assessments for the modules for which you
are registered will be conducted.
9.3 Assessment due dates

• There are no assignment due dates included in this tutorial letter.

• Assignment due dates will be made available to you on the myUnisa landing page for this
module. We envisage that the due dates will be available to you upon registration.

• Please start working on your assessments as soon as you register for the module.

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 • Log on to the myUnisa site for this module to obtain more information on the due dates
for the submission of the assessments.

9.4 Submission of assessments

• Unisa, as a comprehensive open distance e-learning institution (CODeL), is moving

towards becoming an online institution. You will therefore see that all your study material,
assessments and engagements with your lecturer and fellow students will take place
online. We use myUnisa as our virtual campus.

• The myUnisa virtual campus will offer students access to the myModules site, where
learning material will be available online and where assessments should be completed.
This is an online system that is used to administer, document, and deliver educational
material to students and support engagement between academics and students.

• The myUnisa platform can be accessed via https://my.unisa.ac.za. Click on the

myModules 2023 button to access the online sites for the modules that you are
registered for.

• The university undertakes to communicate clearly and as frequently as is necessary to

ensure that you obtain the greatest benefit from the use of the myModules learning
management system. Please access the announcements on your myModules site
regularly, as this is where your lecturer will post important information to be shared with
you.

• When you access your myModules site for the module/s you are registered for, you will
see a welcome message posted by your lecturer. Below the welcome message you will
see the assessment shells for the assessments that you need to complete. Some
assessments may be multiple choice, some tests, others written assessments, some
forum discussions, and so on. All assessments must be completed on the assessment
shells available on the respective module platforms.

• To complete quiz assessments, please log on to the module site where you need to
complete the assessment. Click on the relevant assessment shell (Assessment 1,
Assessment 2, etc.). There will be a date on which the assessment will open for you.
When the assessment is open, access the quiz online and complete it within the time
available to you. Quiz assessment questions are not included in this tutorial letter
(Tutorial Letter 101) and are only made available online. You must therefore access the
quiz online and complete it online where the quiz has been created.

• It is not advisable to use a cell phone to complete the quiz. Please use a desktop
computer, tablet or laptop when completing the quiz. Students who use a cell phone find
it difficult to navigate the Online Assessment tool on the small screen and often struggle
to navigate between questions and successfully complete the quizzes. In addition, cell
phones are more vulnerable to dropped internet connections than other devices. If at all
possible, please do not use a cell phone for this assessment type.

• For written assessments, please note the due date by which the assessment must be
submitted. Ensure that you follow the guidelines given by your lecturer to complete the
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assessment. Click on the submission button on the relevant assessment shell on

myModules. You will then be able to upload your written assessment on the myModules
site of the modules that you are registered for. Before you finalise the upload, double
check that you have selected the correct file for upload. Remember, no marks can be
allocated for incorrectly submitted assessments.

9.5 The assessments

As indicated in section 9.2, you need to complete 7 number of assessments for this module.

[For academics: If there are no assessments in the TL101 please indicate: There are no
assignments included in this tutorial letter. Assignments and due dates will be made
available to you on myModules for this module. We envisage that the due dates will be available
to you upon registration.]

9.6 Other assessment methods

9.6.1 ECSA Graduate Attributes: To maintain our programme/qualification accreditation, each

programme must provide evidence that our students are attaining key “attributes” as defined by
the ENGINEERING COUNCIL of SOUTH AFRICA (ECSA). Moreover, our programs need to
also be performing “continuous improvement” – i.e. finding evidence- driven actions and
processes to improve curriculum and student learning. As such it is important as a student that
you are familiar with the ECSA assessment criteria (graduate attributes). Please see link:
https://www.ecsa.co.za/education/EducationDocs/120710SPGraduateAttributes.pdf
To satisfy ECSA: Graduate Attribute 1, the students must apply engineering principles to
systematically diagnose and solve well-defined engineering problems.

Graduate GA description Competency Indicators

attribute

1.1 The problem is analysed and defined and criteria

are identified for an acceptable solution

1.2 Relevant information and engineering knowledge

and skills are identified and used for solving the
problem.

1.3 Various approaches are considered and

GA1: Identify, formulated that would lead to workable solutions.
Problem formulate,
Solving analyse, and 1.4 Solutions are modelled and analysed.
solve well-
defined 1.5 Solutions are evaluated, and the best solution is
engineering selected.
problems.
1.6 The solution is formulated and presented in an
appropriate form.

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9.6.2 Practical Work: There is a practical component within this module. You are required to
attend the practical and submit your report and have a minimum mark of 50% in the practical
before you can be certified as have completed the requirement of this module.

9.7 The examination

There is no summative examination for this module. The 7 assessments will contribute towards the year
mark. Look out for information that will be shared with you by your lecturer and e-tutors (where relevant)
and for communication from the University.

9.7.1 Invigilation/proctoring

Since 2020 Unisa conducts all its assessments online. Given stringent requirements from
professional bodies and increased solicitations of Unisa’s students by third parties to unlawfully
assist them with the completion of assignments and examinations, the University is obliged to
assure its assessment integrity through the utilisation of various proctoring tools: Turnitin,
Moodle Proctoring, the Invigilator App and IRIS. These tools will authenticate the student’s
identity and flag suspicious behaviour to assure credibility of students’ responses during
assessments. The description below is for your benefit as you may encounter any or all of these
in your registered modules:

Turnitin is a plagiarism software that facilitates checks for originality in students’ submissions
against internal and external sources. Turnitin assists in identifying academic fraud and ghost
writing. Students are expected to submit typed responses for utilisation of the Turnitin software.

The Moodle Proctoring tool is a facial recognition software that authenticates students’ identity
during their Quiz assessments. This tool requires access to a student’s mobile or laptop
camera. Students must ensure their camera is activated in their browser settings prior to their
assessments.

The Invigilator “mobile application-based service does verification” of the identity of an

assessment participant. The Invigilator Mobile Application detects student dishonesty-by-proxy
and ensures that the assessment participant is the registered student. This invigilation tool
requires students to download the app from their Play Store (Google, Huawei and Apple) on
their mobile devices (camera enabled) prior to their assessment.

IRIS Invigilation software verifies the identity of a student during assessment and provides for
both manual and automated facial verification. It has the ability to record and review a student’s
assessment session. It flags suspicious behaviour by the students for review by an academic
administrator. IRIS software requires installation on students’ laptop devices that are enabled
with a webcam.

Students who are identified and flagged for suspicious dishonest behaviour arising from the
invigilation and proctoring reports are referred to the disciplinary office for formal proceeding.

Please note: Students must refer to their module assessment information on their myModule
sites to determine which proctoring or invigilation tool will be utilised for their formative and
summative assessments.

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9.8 Supplementary

There is no supplementary examination for this module. The 7 assessments will contribute
towards the year mark. One major test repeat will be amongst these assessments, and it will
serve as a replacement for any of the tests that you have failed or have missed for whatever
reason.

10. ACADEMIC DISHONESTY

10.1 Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the act of taking the words, ideas and thoughts of others and presenting them as
your own. It is a form of theft. Plagiarism includes the following forms of academic dishonesty:

• Copying and pasting from any source without acknowledging the source.
• Not including references or deliberately inserting incorrect bibliographic information.
• Paraphrasing without acknowledging the original source of the information.
10.2 Cheating
Cheating includes, but is not limited to, the following:

• Completing assessments on behalf of another student, copying the work of another

student during an assessment, or allowing another student to copy your work.
• Using social media (e.g. WhatsApp, Telegram) or other platforms to disseminate
assessment information.
• Submitting corrupt or irrelevant files, this forms part of examination guidelines
• Buying completed answers from so-called “tutors” or internet sites (contract cheating).
10.3 For more information about plagiarism, follow the link below:
https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/myunisa/default/Study-@-Unisa/Student-values-and-rules

11. STUDENTS LIVING WITH DISABILITIES

The Advocacy and Resource Centre for Students with Disabilities (ARCSWiD) provides an
opportunity for staff to interact with first-time and returning students with disabilities.
If you are a student with a disability and would like additional support or need additional time for
assessments, you are invited to contact (name and e-mail address of the lecturer must be
inserted) to discuss the assistance that you need.

12. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

None

13. SOURCES CONSULTED

UNISA

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14. IN CLOSING
Do not hesitate to contact us by e-mail if you are experiencing problems with the content of this
tutorial letter or with any academic aspect of the module.
We wish you a fascinating and satisfying journey through the learning material and trust that
you will complete the module successfully. Enjoy the journey!
Miss M.A Rikhotso – lecturer for TST1501

15. ADDENDUM
None
©
Unisa 2023

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