Chapter 5

Emerging Modes of Business

Meaning: In this age of internet, the world commerce has gradually started linking with it. This
has brought a new concept of commerce called e-commerce/e-business. Now we are capable of
reaching the users of Internet all over the world simply by opening a shop on the Internet. The
Internet users can order for the goods, receive their delivery and make their payment while
sitting at their home on the Internet.

Scope of e-Business
It can be understood by the view point of the parties involved and making transactions:
1. B2B Commerce: It is that business activity in which two firms or two business units make
electronic transaction. For example- one can be producer firm and other a supplier firm.
2. B2C Commerce – Business to customer. In this one party is a firm and other party is a
customer. On one hand a customer can seek information through Internet about products, place
orders, get some items and make payments and on the other hand the firm can make a survey any
time to know who is buying and can also know the satisfaction level of customers. In modern
times, call centers can provide these information.
3. Intra-B Commerce Within business Commerce – Under it, the parties involved in the
electronic transaction are the two departments of same business. For Example, through internet it
is possible for the marketing department to interact constantly with the production department
and get the customized goods made as per the requirement of customers.
4. C2C Commerce – Customer to Customer Commerce – Under it, both the parties involved in
electronic transaction are customers. It is required for the buying and selling of those goods for
which there are no established markets. For example-selling old car through internet.
5. C2B Commerce – C2B Commerce provides the Consumers with the freedom of shopping at
will. Customer can make use of call centers to make toll free calls to make queries and lodge
complaints.
6. B2E Commerce – Companies reporting to personnel recruitment, interview and selection and
training etc. via B2E Commerce.

Benefits of e-Business
The major benefits of e-Business are as follows:
1. Worldwide reach- Internet gives businessmen an extended market. New customers come in
contact with them. This results in increase in sales.
2. Elimination of Middlemen – Ever since the e-Business came into existence, the wholesalers
and retailers have started disappearing. Now, most of the producers have started having direct
contact with customers. As a result, the consumer get goods on less price.
3. Easy Distribution Process – Many types of information and services be received on
computer through e-business. This has simplified the system of distribution and has also made it
less costly.
4. Lower Investment required – In this, you don’t require any big showroom or huge
investment. You need only computer and Internet.
5. Easy to launch new products – Any company can launch its new product in the market
through the medium of E-Business. A complete information about the product is made available
on Internet. In this way the consumer and other businessmen get information about the new
product while sitting at home.
6. Movement towards a paperless Society – Use of internet has considerably reduced
dependence on paper work.

Resources Required for Successful e-Business Implementation

The resources required for the e-Business are:
1. Computer system – The presence of computer system is the first requirement of e-Business.
The computer can be linked with Internet by just pressing its keys.
2. Internet connection – Internet connection is very essential and now a days we can get this
facility by sitting at home.
3. Preparing the web Page – web page has the greatest importance in the use of e-Business. It is
also known as Home Page. Any product that is to be shown on Internet is displayed on web page.
4. Effective telecommunication system – e-business requires an effective telecommunication
system in the form of telephone lines etc.
On Line Transactions
On line transaction means receiving information about goods, placing an order, Receiving
delivery and making payment through medium of internet. Under this system, the sale purchase
of every type of thing, information and service is possible.

Payment Mechanism
Payment for the purchases through online shopping may be done in following ways:
1. Cash on delivery (COD) – Cash payment can be made at the time of physical delivery of
goods.
2. Net-banking transfer – The customer can make electronic transfer of funds(EFT) to account of
online vendor over the internet.
3. Credit or Debit cards – The customer can make payment for online transaction through debit
or credit card by giving the number and name of bank of card.
Physics Questions with Answers for ...
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Security and Safety of e-Transactions

The following methods can be used to ensure security and safety of online transactions.
1. Confirming the details before the delivery of goods – The customer is required to furnish the
details such as credit card no., card issuer and card validity online.
2. Anti VirusProgrammes – Installing and timely updating antivirus programmes provides
protection to data files, folders and system from virus attacks.
3. Cyber crime cells – Govt. may setup special crime cells to look into the cases of hacking and
take necessary action against the hackers.