M.Jayalakshmi, G.Asha and K.

Keerthana 44

Control of Single Phase Z-Source Inverter Fed

Induction Motor Using Simple Boost Controller
M. Jayalakshmi, G. Asha and K. Keerthana

Abstract: In this paper development, modeling and simulation In traditional voltage source inverter (VSI), the DC voltage
of control strategy for Z-source inverter is presented. The source connected at the input side across a large capacitor.
performance of single-phase induction motor with the control DC link voltage produced across this capacitor feeds the
of single phase Z-source inverter using Simple boost controller main bridge. The input dc supply can be a battery or fuel cell
is studied .This controller senses the motor speed feedback
stack or diode rectifier, and/or capacitor. The bridge inverter
signal and consequently provides the pulse width modulated
(PWM) signal that sets the gate voltage of the inverter, which
circuit consists of four switches; each is composed of a power
in turn provides the required voltage for the desired speed. The transistor and an anti-parallel diode to provide bidirectional
proposed drive system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. current flow and reverse voltage blocking capability.
The simulation results were compared with the experimental
results. In traditional current-source inverter (CSI), the DC
current source is formed by a large dc Inductor fed by a
Keywords: Pulse width modulation, Simple boost controller, voltage source such as a battery or fuel-cell stack or diode
Single phase induction motor, Z-source inverter. rectifier or converter etc. Like VSI bridge inverter circuit
consists of four switches; each is composed of a switching
device with reverse block capability such as a gate-turn-off
I. INTRODUCTION thyristor and SCR or a power transistor with a series diode to
Induction motors have many advantages compared to DC provide unidirectional current flow and bidirectional voltage
motors and synchronous motors in many aspects, such as blocking. For voltage source inverter and current source
size, efficiency, cost, life span and maintainability. Low cost inverter the on/off time the switching devices is controlled by
and ease of manufacturing have made the induction motors a applying control voltage (PWM) to the control terminal i.e.
good choice for electric and hybrid vehicles. The simple gate of the device. Disadvantages of existing system are 1)
boost control PWM technique is used to simulate the single They either a buck or a boost converter and cannot be a
phase Z-source inverter for induction motor control.The buck–boost converter .That is, the output voltage is either
speed control of such motors can be achieved by controlling greater or smaller than the input voltage. The output voltage
the applied voltage on the motor by the use of power of voltage source inverter is always less than input voltage so
electronic devices. Z-Source inverter is used for power it is called a buck inverter; hence additional voltage booster
control of single phase induction motor as compared to the circuit needs to be added. While for current source inverter
traditional voltage source inverter (VSI) and current source the output voltage is always greater than input voltage so it is
inverter (CSI) inverters. The control strategy of Z-source called a boost inverter, hence additional voltage regulator
inverter is simulated in MATLAB environment and circuit needs to be added. 2) For VSI and CSI main bridge
implemented using Simple Boost Controller. It is used to inverter circuits cannot be interchangeable. In other words
sense and control the motor speed. The simple boost pulse the voltage-source inverter main circuit cannot be used for
width modulated signal are applied to the control operation the current-source inverter or vice versa. 3) The
of ZSI. shoot-through problem for Voltage source inverter and open
Inverters are the dc to ac converters. The input dc supply is circuit problem for current source inverter by
either in the form of voltage or current is converted in to electromagnetic interference (EMI) noises reduce the
variable output ac voltage. The output ac voltage can be inverter’s reliability. In case of voltage source inverter both
controlled by varying input dc supply or by varying the gain upper and lower transistors should not be switched on
of the inverter. There are two types of traditional inverters simultaneously, otherwise it would cause shoot-through,
based on input source used in industries for variable speed which may damage inverter circuit due to large current.
drive and many other applications; those are Hence dead time to block both upper and lower devices needs
a) Voltage-source inverter to be provided in the V-source inverter, which causes
b) Current-source inverter. waveform distortion. 4) In case of current source inverter
both upper and lower transistors should not be switched off
simultaneously, otherwise it would cause open circuit along
M.Jayalakshmi is pursuing M.E. Power Systems Engineering in Department of the bridge arm, which may damage inverter circuit due large
EEE, KRCE, Tamilnadu. Email: [email protected]
G.Asha is pursuing M.E. Power Systems Engineering in Department of EEE,
voltage drop across open circuit. Hence overlap time where
KRCE, Tamilnadu. Email: [email protected] both upper and lower devices conduct simultaneously needs
K.Keerthana is pursuing M.E. Power Systems Engineering in Department of to be provided for safe operation, which causes waveform
EEE, KRCE, Tamilnadu. Email: [email protected] distortion.

International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 10, Issue. 3, April-2014.
M.Jayalakshmi, G.Asha and K.Keerthana 45

The Z-source inverter is a buck–boost inverter that has a source, load, or other converter. The impedance network
wide range of obtainable voltage. The traditional VSI and consists of two inductors and two capacitors connected to
CSI cannot provide such obtainable voltage. In the Z-source each other as shown in the fig.2 forms the second order filter
inverter, the bridge has seven permissible switching states network. The values of both inductor and both capacitor are
(vectors) unlike the traditional inverter bridge that has six equal. The two inductors can be two separate inductors or two
switching states. When the load terminals are shorted inductors inductively coupled to each other on a single core.
through both the upper and lower devices of any one phase For size and cost reduction film capacitors of desired value
leg (i.e., both devices are gated on) or two phase legs shoot and voltage rating can be selected.
through zero state occurs. This shoot-through zero state (or
vector) is forbidden in the traditional V-source inverter,
because it would cause a shoot-through. The Z-source
network makes the shoot-through zero state possible. This
shoot-through zero state provides the unique buck-boost
feature to the inverter. The inverter bridge is equivalent to a
short circuit when the inverter bridge is in the shoot-through
zero state, whereas the inverter bridge becomes an equivalent
current source, when in one of the four active states. This
shoot through states are provided by simple boost controlled
PWM technique.
Fig. 2 circuit diagram of ZSI
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
The block diagram of single phase Z induction motor is
shown in figure.1 inverter, Driver Z-source inverter is
utilized to realize inversion and boost function. It contain a
unique impedance network of inductors and capacitors, the Z
shoot through states by gating on both the upper and lower
switches in the same legs, to boost the dc voltage without
DC/DC converter fig1:shows that the symmetrical lattice
network most commonly used in filter and attenuator circuit.
The lattice network contains L1 and L2 which are series arm Fig. 3 Equivalent circuit of ZSI
inductances, C1 and C2 which are diagonal arm We have three operating states in Z source
capacitances connected between the rectifier legs. Each leg inverter. They are active state, zero state, shoot through zero
consists of two switches and their anti parallel diodes. The state
each leg are switched in such a way that when one of them is The switching states of these operating states are explained
in off state, the other is in on state. The output current will in table :1
flow continuously through load and the output voltage is
solely dictated by the status of the switches. The Simple boost B. Active state
controller vary the PWM signal of the control. In this mode, the inverter bridge is operating in one of the
four traditional active vectors; the equivalent circuit is as
shown in figure 4.The inverter bridge acts as a current source
viewed from the DC link. Both the inductors have an
identical current value because of the circuit symmetry. This
Power Induct unique feature widens the line current conducting intervals,
Z-source Invert
supply & Filter ion thus reducing harmonic current.
network er
Rectifier motor

Driver circuit
Speed
sensing unit
Triggering
circuit

Controller

Fig. 1 Block diagram of the system

Fig. 4 Active state
A. Operation and Analysis of Z-Source Inverter
C. Zero State
The Z-source inverter consists of a unique impedance
network which couple the converter main circuit to the power The inverter bridge is operating in one of the two
traditional zero vectors and shorting through either the upper

International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 10, Issue. 3, April-2014.
M.Jayalakshmi, G.Asha and K.Keerthana 46

or lower three device, thus acting as an open circuit viewed

from the Z-source circuit. Again, under this mode, the III. ANALYSIS OF Z-SOURCE INVERTER
inductor carry current, which contributes to the line current’s The dc voltage source Vdc that is applied to the Z Source
harmonic reduction as shown in below fig 5. inverter through reverse blocking diode D. All traditional
PWM techniques are applicable for Z-Source inverter.
During the reverse flow of current. The detailed analysis of
Z-source inverter is given below. The average dc-link voltage
across the inverter is given by:

Vdcl=Vc= ((1-T0/T) / (1-2T0/T)) Vdc (1)

Where,
Vdcl is the average dc link voltage equal to capacitor voltage
Vc, T is a switching period and T0 is shoot-through time over
a switching period.
Fig. 5 Zero state The peak dc-link voltage across the inverter is expressed as

Vdclp = (T / (T1-T2)) Vdc = B Vdc (2)

D. Shoot through state Where,
The inverter bridge is operating in one of the seven B = T / (T1-T0) = 1 / (1-2T0/T) ≥ 1 (3) is the boost factor
shoot-through states. The equivalent circuit of the inverter resulting from the shoot-through zero state.
bridge in this mode is as shown in the below fig: 6. In this The output peak phase voltage from the inverter can be
mode, separating the dc link from the ac line. This shoot- expressed as;
through mode to be used in every switching cycle during the
traditional zero vector period generated by the PWM control. Vacp = M Vip / 2 (4)
Depending on how much a voltage boost is needed, the Where,
shoot-through interval (T0) or its duty cycle (T0/T) is M is the modulation index of PWM waveform,
determined. It can be seen that the shoot-through interval is Vacp is output peak phase voltage zinverter.
only a fraction of the switching cycle.
Using (2) and (4) peak phase voltage can be expressed as

Vacp = M B Vdc / 2 (5)

For the traditional V-source PWM inverter, the output peak

phase voltage is given by
Vacp = M Vdc / 2.
Where,
Modulation index M is always less than unity hence
in traditional inverter the output voltage is always less than
input dc voltage. Equation (5) shows that in Z-Source
Fig.6 Shoot through state inverter the output voltage can be stepped up and down by
choosing an appropriate buck–boost factor B.

SWITCHING OUTPUT The buck–boost factor is determined by the modulation index

STATES S1 S2 S3 S4 VOLTAGE M and boost factor B. For Z-source inverter the boost factor is
Active shoot-through time (T0) the DC link voltage Vdcl is boosted
states 1 0 0 1 Finite to a value greater than input voltage, hence input diode will
voltage be reverse biased blocking always greater than or equal to
0 1 1 0 unity. When boost factor is equal to unity the Z source
Zero states inverter acts like traditional inverter. The boost factor B as
1 0 1 0 Zero expressed in (3) can be controlled by varying shoot through
duty cycle T0/T of the inverter PWM input.
0 1 0 1

Shoot through 1 1 S3 S4 Zero IV. SIMULATION OF SINGLE PHASE Z-SOURCE

state INVERTER FED INDUCTION MOTOR WITH BOOST
S1 S2 1 1 CONTROLLER
The single phase Z-source inverter Matlab / Simulink
1 1 1 1 model for speed control of induction motor is shown in figure
Table 1: Switching states of ZSI 6, it has two inductors L1=L2, capacitors C1=C2. Simple
boost control technique is used for PWM signal. The

International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 10, Issue. 3, April-2014.
M.Jayalakshmi, G.Asha and K.Keerthana 47

simulation parameters are: 1) Z-source network: L1 = L2 =

1mH, C1 = C2 = 1000 µF; 2) Output filters: Lf = 1000mH, Cf
= 5-50 µF; 3) switching frequency: 10 kHz. Figure 6 shows
the AC 165 vrms input is rectified using a diode rectifier. The
rectified DC pulsating signal is applied to the Z-
source inverter then the output of the inverter is fed
to the auxiliary winding and the motor's main
winding is directly connected to the 165 V utility
supplies. The reference value of the magnitude and phase of
voltage applied to the auxiliary winding are computed by the
reference voltage block. By varying the auxiliary winding
voltage magnitude and phase, the torque ripples are
alleviated at all operating points.
Fig.9 Rotor Speed

Fig.10 Main & auxiliary winding current

Fig.7Simulation diagram of ZSI fed induction motor

Fig.11: Load & Electromagnetic torque

Fig.8 Simulation diagram of shoot through state

Fig.12 Main & Auxillary voltage

International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 10, Issue. 3, April-2014.
M.Jayalakshmi, G.Asha and K.Keerthana 48

M.Jayalakshmi pursuing.Master Degree in power

systems engineering in KRCE, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India.

Fig.13 Shoot through state

V. CONCLUSION

The theoretical analysis and design of Z-source inverter is K.Keerthana pursuing Master Degree in power
studied. The Z-source inverter employs a unique impedance system engineering in KRCE , Trichy,Tamilnadu,India.
network to couple the inverter main circuit to the power
source and thus providing unique feature. The control
methods with the insertion of shoot-through states of
Z-source inverter have been studied. The proposed scheme
under simple boost control is simulated with the help of
MATLAB/SIMULINK and the simulation results are
obtained for different values of modulation indices. The
simulation results shows that both buck and boost operations
can be obtained in Z-source inverter by varying Modulation G.Asha pursuing Master Degree in power
index (M) or Boost factor (B) and hence we can control the system engineering in KRCE , Trichy,Tamilnadu,India.
speed of the motor.

REFERENCES Fir
[1] P.H. Zope, PrashantSonare, Avnish Bora &RashmiKalla,
“Simulation And Implementation Of Control Strategy For
Z-Source Inverter In The Speed Control Of Induction Motor”,
in 2011.
[2] AtulKushwaha ,Mohd. ArifKhan ,AtifIqbal&Zakir Husain,“Z-
Source Inverter Simulation And Harmonic Study”,in 2012.
[3] Vrushali Suresh Neve, P.H. Zope, S.R. Suralkar, “Analysis
And Simulation Of Z-Source Inverter Fed To Single Phase
Induction Motor Drive” in Jan 2013.
[4] Suresh L., G.R.S. Naga Kumar, And M.V. Sudarsan,
“ModelingAnd Simulation Of Z Source Inverter” in Jan 2012.
[5] Amol R. Sutar, Satyawan R. Jagtap, JakirhusenTamboli,
“Performance Analysis Of Z-Source Inverter Fed Induction
Motor Drive”im May 2012.

International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 10, Issue. 3, April-2014.