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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01

BB101 Biology
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 BB101 Biology
Lecture 01

§ A course designed to give you a broad flavor of biology

§ For those of you who are much interested in Biology
• Department Minor to get the depth + breadth
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Today’s topics
Lecture 01

§ Perception versus reality

§ What is Biology?
• Why study Biology?
§ Bottom-up and top-down approaches
§ Applications of Biology
§ Course related non-technical information
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Perception and reality
Lecture 01

Originally copied from https://www.engagementaustralia.org.au/blog/blind-men-elephant

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Busting myths
Lecture 01

PERCEPTION

Biology requires good drawing skills

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Recording observations: then...

A replica of a microscope by A microscopic section of an Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ash tree (Fraxinus) wood
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Recording observations: then...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%27s_finches#/media/File:Darwin's_finches_by_Gould.jpg
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Recording observations: now...

Brightfield Brightfield Phase-contrast Differential-interference-

(unstained 50 µm (stained specimen) contrast (Nomarski)
specimen)

Bio Atomic Force Microscope

50 µm

10 µm
Fluorescence Confocal (without) Confocal (with)
10 µm
Deconvolution

Laser scanning confocal microscope

1 µm

Super-resolution Super-resolution Scanning Transmission Figure 6.3 from

(without) (with) electron 2 µm electron 2 µm
microscopy (SEM) microscopy (TEM) Campbell’s Biology
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Legend for the images in the previous slide

§ All are variants of light microscopy except SEM and TEM

§ Light microscopy allows imaging of a live cell
§ Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) use dead cells
§ Note: artifacts are introduced while preparing specimens
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Recording observations: now...
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Busting myths
Lecture 01

PERCEPTION

Large vocabulary is unique to Biology

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 How many components does this have?
Lecture 01

Chandrayaan-2
2019-07-22, 14:23
Photo: ISRO

Image copied from the ISRO website

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 How many components does this have?
Lecture 01

Chandrayaan-2
2019-07-22, 14:23
Photo: ISRO

§ Many children want to become space scientists…

§ Are they worried about the parts list?
§ Do they have to memorize the name/use of each and every component?

Image copied from the ISRO website

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
A cut-away view of a eukaryotic cell
Nuclear
envelope
Rough ER Smooth ER
Nucleolus NUCLEUS
Flagellum
Chromatin
Centrosome
Plasma
membrane

CYTOSKELETON:
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Ribosomes

Microvilli
Golgi apparatus

Peroxisome
Lysosome Figure 6.8 from
Mitochondrion Campbell’s Biology
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BB101 Biology
Complex, self-regulated systems – rich vocabulary
March – June 2023
Lecture 01

Biology is a vocabulary-rich science

it has to be, like the study of any other complex and self-regulated system

Across the globe, Biology teaching has moved towards bringing out
(i) the beauty of life,
(ii) the benefits of understanding how they work,
(iii) challenges associated with the study, and
(iv) exploiting such a knowledge for a better living
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Busting myths
Lecture 01

PERCEPTION

Study of Biology requires memorization

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Life has moved on from memorization to …

www.finedininglovers.com/blog/food-drinks/list-of-herbs-and-spices/
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BB101 Biology
Vaccines and repurposing drugs in record time...
March – June 2023
Lecture 01

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prot.26250
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Tracking development of every cell...

959 somatic cells + 2000 germ cells

1031 somatic cells + 1000 germ cells

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_organformation/organformation.html
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Traditional Biology

§ Emphasis on anatomy and taxonomy

§ Field was not developed enough
• Instrumentation and other tools were yet to be developed
§ Importance, utility, intellectual challenges were known
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Modern (or new age) Biology

Explore Form hypothesis

Discover Validate by experiments

Societal benefits Push the boundaries

of knowledge
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Today’s topics
Lecture 01

§ Perception versus reality

§ What is Biology?
• Why study Biology?
§ Bottom-up and top-down approaches
§ Applications of Biology
§ Course related non-technical information
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
What is Biology?

Biochemistry Cell biology Genetics Physiology

Bioinformatics Computational Biology Microbiology Zoology
Biophysics Developmental Biology Molecular Biology ...
Biotechnology Ecology Neurobiology ...
Botany Ethnobiology Population Biology ...
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
What is Biology?

Biochemistry Cell biology Genetics Physiology

Bioinformatics Computational biology Microbiology Zoology
Biophysics Developmental Biology Molecular Biology ...
Biotechnology Ecology Neurobiology ...
Botany Ethnobiology Population Biology ...
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
What is life?

The phenomenon we call life defies a simple, one sentence definition

Move away from anthropocentric definitions

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Tardigrade: an “ultimate” in evolution?
Lecture 01

§ Tardigrade is an invertebrate
§ Lives in temporary ponds Hydrated (normal) form
(~85% water)
§ When water evaporates...
• It shrinks to a dormant state
• It can stay dormant for a decade or more
§ When finds itself in water...
Dehydrated form
• becomes active within hours (< 2% water)

• feeds, moves, reproduces, …

Figure 44.5 in Campbell Biology by Reece et al., 9th Ed.

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Revival of a rotifer frozen in permafrost
Lecture 01

§ A rotifer is a microscopic, aquatic invertebrate

§ Asexual reproduction
§ Recovered from northeastern Siberian permafrost
§ Radiocarbon-dated to ∼24,000 years before present
§ Could continuously reproduce in the laboratory
Scanning electron micrographs showing
morphological variation of bdelloid rotifers and
their jaws.

5 organisms scientists brought back to life https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.077

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SjxCHqVH1g
Duration: 5m 17s https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Bdelloid.JPG?download
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Characteristics of “life”
Lecture 01

Order

Regulation

Evolutionary Reproduction
adaptation

Energy processing

Response
to the
Growth and environment
development

Figure 1.2 in Biology. A global approach by Campbell et al., Global Ed.

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01

Field of vision and depth of focus video clip

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Study of biology
7. Tissues
1. The Biosphere
6. Organs and Organ
2. Ecosystems Systems

50 µm
10 µm
5. Organisms

3. Communities
8. Cells

10. Molecules
Field of vision: same
Depth of focus: variable 1 µm

9. Organelles

4. Populations Figure 1.4 of Campbell’s Biology: a global approach

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Study of Biology: invention or discovery?
Lecture 01

Niels Bohr

BIOLOGY

Edison

From Lancet (2014) 383:156-165

Richard Doll – showed that smoking causes lung cancer Original: book entitled Pasteur’s quadrant by Donald Stokes
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Objectives of this course
Lecture 01

§ Today’s world is one where advances in biology affect us day-to-day

• COVID-19 pandemic
• Going to the hospital for any kind of ailment
• Should I buy GM vegetables?
• ...
§ Just enough background to have a decent understanding as we move
on in life
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Objectives of this course
Lecture 01

Computer Design
Science
Chemistry Energy
Science

BIOLOGY
Chemical Environmental
Engineering Science

Electrical
Engineering Civil
Materials Systems &
Control Engineering
Science
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01

BTech Class of 1993 Chem Eng.

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Today’s topics
Lecture 01

§ Perception versus reality

§ What is Biology?
• Why study Biology?
§ Bottom-up and top-down approaches
§ Applications of Biology
§ Course related non-technical information
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Design complex systems: bottom-up approach

Model K adder Hewlett-Packard Z3 Complex number

calculator

Bombe Harvard mark 1

A-B computer Colossus

All images are taken from http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/computers/

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Reductionistic approach: Reverse engineering
Lecture 01

https://www.wisdomtimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/destructive-behaviour.jpg
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BB101 Biology
Reverse engineering with invisible components?
March – June 2023
Lecture 01

Manual Manual
available available?

Hewlett - Packard

• Mother Nature has given us end products (= organisms) of

millions of years of evolution

• The components of these end products are invisible to naked

eye. In fact, most organisms are themselves invisible
All images are taken from http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/computers/
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 DNA is like Coca Cola but...
Lecture 01
it carries information

Coke DNA Solubility

Water Water Not applicable
Sugar (sucrose) Sugar (deoxyribose) Very high
Phosphate Phosphate Moderate
Caffeine (a A, C, G, and T Extremely low
nitrogenous base) (nitrogenous bases)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CocaColaGlassBottle.jpg
DNA image – from Prof. Swati Patankar
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Flow of information from DNA, THE manual
Lecture 01

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_dogma_of_molecular_biology
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Human DNA manual is huge: ~3 billion bp
Lecture 01

Phage l Escherichia coli Saccharomyces Caenorhabditis elegans Drosophila melanogaster

(virus) (bacteria) cerevisiae (nematode) (fruit fly)
50 kb 4.7 Mb (yeast) Arabidopsis thaliana 165 Mb
2 pages 200 pages 12.5 Mb (plant) 5 volumes
500 pages 100 Mb
3 volumes

25 kb per page
Human being
1500 pages per
3000 Mb
volume
80 volumes
(2 inches thick)

Original image from Prof. Swati Patankar

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Genome (manual) sizes and complexity
Lecture 01

https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-3-genetics/32-chromosomes/genome-size.html
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 De-constructing biological systems
Lecture 01

Serendipity (noun): luck that takes the form of finding

valuable or pleasant things that are not looked for

§ Serendipity – smartness to understand the implications of an observation

§ In the 21st century, Biology is all about
• Being observant, extremely clever thinking, choosing the right system,
designing clever experiments, ...
• NOT memorization, drawing, large vocabulary, ...
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Today’s topics
Lecture 01

§ Perception versus reality

§ What is Biology?
• Why study Biology?
§ Bottom-up and top-down approaches
§ Applications of Biology
§ Course related non-technical information
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Applications of Biology
Lecture 01

§ Basis of many things that happen to us today

• Cancer
• Life style diseases (diabetes, heart attacks, hyper- and hypo-tension, ...
• Addiction (drugs, pornography, social media, alcohol, ...
• Pandemics (covid-19, ...)
§ Biology is the future
• Sustainable living and “quality” of life (especially in older age)
o Personalized medicine, genetically modified crops, ...
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BB101 Biology
Sequence of the human genome (DNA) is known
March – June 2023
Lecture 01

§ Human genome: ∼3 billion bases

§ We now know the DNA sequence of the
entire human genome
• …ATGCAATCCGTGCAT…
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 These days, we can sequence whole genome
Lecture 01

https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/DNA-Sequencing-Costs-Data (accessed in March 2023)

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Sequencing data looks like this…
Lecture 01

AGCTTTTCATTCTGACTGCAACGGGCAATATGTCTCTGTGTGGATTAAAAAAAGAGTCTCT
GACAGCAGCTTCTGAACTGGTTACCTGCCGTGAGTAAATTAAAATTTTATTGACTTAGGTC
ACTAAATACTTTAACCAATATAGGCATAGCGCACAGACAGATAAAAATTACAGAGTACACA
ACATCCATGAAACGCATTAGCACCACCATTACCACCACCATCACCACCACCATCACCATTA
CCATTACCACAGGTAACGGTGCGGGCTGACGCGTACAGGAAACACAGAAAAAAGCCCGCAC
CTGACAGTGCGGGCTTTTTTTTCGACCAAAGGTAACGAGGTAACAACCATGCGAGTGTTGA
AGTTCGGCGGTACATCAGTGGCAAATGCAGAACGTTTTCTGCGGGTTGCCGATATTCTGGA
AAGCAATGCCAGGCAGGGGCAGGTGGCCACCGTCCTCTCTGCCCCCGCCAAAATCACCAAC
CACCTGGTGGCGATGATTGAAAAAACCATTAGCGGCCAGGATGCTTTACCCAATATCAGCG
ATGCCGAACGTATTTTTGCCGAACTTCTGACGGGACTCGCCGCCGCCCAGCCGGGATTCCC
GCTGGCGCAATTGAAAACTTTCGTCGACCAGGAATTTGCCCAAATAAAACATGTCCTGCAT
GGCATTAGTTTGTTAGGGCAGTGCCCGGATAGCATTAACGCTGCGCTGATTTGCCGTGGCG
CCATTATCTCGGTGGTAGGTGATGGTATGCGCACCTTGCGTGGGATCTCGGCGAAATTCTT
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Sequencing data looks like this…
Lecture 01

AGCTTTTCATTCTGACTGCAACGGGCAATATGTCTCTGTGTGGATTAAAAAAAGAGTCTCT
§ Are there words and paragraphs?
GACAGCAGCTTCTGAACTGGTTACCTGCCGTGAGTAAATTAAAATTTTATTGACTTAGGTC
ACTAAATACTTTAACCAATATAGGCATAGCGCACAGACAGATAAAAATTACAGAGTACACA
§ Is there punctuation?
ACATCCATGAAACGCATTAGCACCACCATTACCACCACCATCACCACCACCATCACCATTA
§ What do these data mean?
CCATTACCACAGGTAACGGTGCGGGCTGACGCGTACAGGAAACACAGAAAAAAGCCCGCAC
CTGACAGTGCGGGCTTTTTTTTCGACCAAAGGTAACGAGGTAACAACCATGCGAGTGTTGA
§ How to decode this information?
AGTTCGGCGGTACATCAGTGGCAAATGCAGAACGTTTTCTGCGGGTTGCCGATATTCTGGA
AAGCAATGCCAGGCAGGGGCAGGTGGCCACCGTCCTCTCTGCCCCCGCCAAAATCACCAAC
CACCTGGTGGCGATGATTGAAAAAACCATTAGCGGCCAGGATGCTTTACCCAATATCAGCG
§ What skills are required to decode this information?
ATGCCGAACGTATTTTTGCCGAACTTCTGACGGGACTCGCCGCCGCCCAGCCGGGATTCCC
§ Domain knowledge, computer programming,
GCTGGCGCAATTGAAAACTTTCGTCGACCAGGAATTTGCCCAAATAAAACATGTCCTGCAT
machine learning algorithms, ideas from natural
GGCATTAGTTTGTTAGGGCAGTGCCCGGATAGCATTAACGCTGCGCTGATTTGCCGTGGCG
language processing, ...
CCATTATCTCGGTGGTAGGTGATGGTATGCGCACCTTGCGTGGGATCTCGGCGAAATTCTT
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Differences in genomes
Lecture 01

§ Differences between individuals at the DNA level

• Siblings differ by 1 to 2 million bases, ∼99.98% identical
• Unrelated humans differ by 6 million bases, ∼99.8% identical
§ Chimpanzees and humans: ∼98% identical
§ Baboons and humans: ∼92% identical
§ Mice differ from humans by ∼2.8 billion bases
§ Leaf spinach differs from humans by ∼2.9 billion bases
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 DNA variations: SNPs
Lecture 01

SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism

SNP SNP
1. ATCCTGTACCTACGTGTACAATAGTA..CTGATCATCTCTATGGG…
2. ATCCTGTTCCTACGTGTACAATAGTA..CTGATCATCTCTATGGG…
3. ATCCTGTACCTACGTGTACAATAGTA..CTGATCAGCTCTATGGG…
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 DNA variations: mutations
Lecture 01

The blue cow did not notice anyone looking at him.

He kept on eating and eating and eating.
... ... ...
Author: Deborah Roberts
Leaving the store, a funny looking horse sat blocking the door. Illustrator: Sharon Holmes
"Excuse me," Shyanne said, "may we pass by please?"

... ... ...

"Where are you going?" Shyanne asked the horse.

"I was on my way home," answered the sleepy horse, "but I think I missed my bus.”
... ... ...
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 DNA variations: mutations
Lecture 01

The blue cow did not notice anyone looking at him.

He kept on eating and eating and eating.
... ... ...
Author: Deborah Roberts
Leaving the store, a funny looking horse sat blocking the door. Illustrator: Sharon Holmes
"Excuse me," Shyanne said, "may we pass by please?"

... ... ...

"Where are you going?" Shyanne asked the horse.

"I was on my way home," answered the sleepy horse, "but I think I kissed my bus.”
... ... ...
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 DNA variations: mutations
Lecture 01

The blue cow did not notice anyone looking at him.

He kept on eating and eating and eating and eating and eating and eating
... ... ...
Author: Deborah Roberts
Leaving the store, a funny looking horse sat blocking the door. Illustrator: Sharon Holmes
"Excuse me," Shyanne said, "may we pass by please?"

... ... ...

"Where are you going?" Shyanne asked the horse.

"I was on my way home," answered the sleepy horse, "but I think I kissed my bus.”
... ... ...
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 DNA variations: variable repetitive elements
Lecture 01

STR: Short Tandem Repeats https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-3-genetics/35-genetic-modification-and/dna-profiling.html

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Forensic investigation
Lecture 01

https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-3-genetics/35-genetic-modification-and/dna-profiling.html
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Paternity testing
Lecture 01

https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-3-genetics/35-genetic-modification-and/dna-profiling.html
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Whose baby is it?
Lecture 01

§ Delivers a baby boy in a maternity hospital

§ Is given a baby girl on discharge from the hospital
§ Baby swapping racket

Can we say with certainty that a child

is the offspring of his/her parents?

Ms. Latha Reddy

BB101 Lecture 1 IIT Bombay

https://www.shutterstock.com/editorial/image-editorial/india-baby-swap-may-2003-8480927a
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Genome companies in India
Lecture 01
Many other companies based out of UK, USA, ...

@ SINE, IIT Bombay incubator

All logos are hyperlinked to the respective company websites

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Immunotherapy is being advertised... Go for it?
Lecture 01

https://twitter.com/purwarrahul2
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Point-of-care screening for sickle cell anemia
Lecture 01

https://www.bio.iitb.ac.in/~dpaul/research.html
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01

How do trees know when to shed their leaves?

Trees Why do insects make a chirping noise?
Insects
Soil Do any creatures live in the soil?
Humans Can birds communicate with each
Water other through song?
Birds What makes every human different
from each other?
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 An interesting question in biology...
Lecture 01

§ Are we humans all same or different?

• If we are same, how are we same?
• If we are different, how are we different from each other?
§ Our DNA – is this the answer to which of the two questions?
§ How can we leverage this similarity or difference?
• Forensics, Causality of, and susceptibility to, diseases
§ Population biology and ethnicity
§ And... ??
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Are you ready for BB101?
Lecture 01

§ What is the difference between Covaxin and Covishield?

§ My cousin has leukemia and there is a new treatment based on
immunotherapy. Should she take this?
§ A family member has diabetes. Home test for blood glucose is
expensive... Can I make a cheaper test?
§ It is a common practice to marry close cousins in our family... May I also
marry my cousin? (consanguineous marriages)
§ What is meant by ‘genetically modified’ crop?
• Is it good or bad? (human health, corporate profits, ...)
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Are you ready for BB101?
Lecture 01

§ What is the difference between Covaxin and Covishield?

§ My cousin has leukemia and there is a new treatment based on
immunotherapy. Should she take this?
§ A family member has diabetes. Home test for blood glucose is
expensive... Can I make a cheaper test?
§ It is a common practice to marry close cousins in our family... May I also
marry my cousin? (consanguineous marriages)
§ What is meant by ‘genetically modified’ crop?
• Is it good or bad? (human health, corporate profits, ...)
 Today’s topics

§ Perception versus reality

§ What is Biology?
• Why study Biology?
§ Bottom-up and top-down approaches
§ Applications of Biology
§ Course related non-technical information
 69
BB101 Biology
March – June 2023
Lecture 01
Primary reference book

Excerpts from selected

chapters
Campbell Biology, 9th edition

by Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman,

Minorsky, Jackson

Pearson publishers

We will use material / information from other sources also

Will give source of information in respective slides
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Lecture and tutorial time table
Lecture 01

Division D3 Division D4
Weekly lecture 1 of 2 Wednesday Tuesday
Venue: LA 201 11:05 am to 12:30 pm 2:00 to 3:25 pm
Weekly lecture 2 of 2 Friday Friday
Venue: LA 201 11:05 am to 12:30 pm 2:00 to 3:25 pm
Tutorial (one per week) Thursday Tuesday
Venue: in next slide 8:30 to 9:25 am 11:35 am to 12:30 pm
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Teaching Assistants
Lecture 01
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Course Instructors
Lecture 01

Lectures Division D3 Division D4

Lectures 1 to 10 Prof. Petety V. Balaji Prof. Rajesh Patkar
Lab 402 Lab 403
Phone: 7778 Phone: 7772
[email protected] [email protected]
Lectures 11 to 21 Prof. Roop Mallik Prof. Roop Mallik
Lab 406 Lab 406
Phone: 7769 Phone: 7769
[email protected] [email protected]
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Course Instructors
Lecture 01

Balaji Rajesh Roop

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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Lecture slides
Lecture 01
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Assessment scheme
Lecture 01

§ Assignments (up to 20%)

§ Quizzes (up to 30%)
§ Mid-semester and end-semester examination (up to 50%)
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BB101 Biology
March – June 2023 Divisions
Lecture 01

Division D3 Division D4
Chemical Engineering (CL) Aerospace Engineering (AE)
Computer Science and Eng. (CS) Civil Engineering (CE)
Mathematics (MA) Chemistry (CH)
Total 358 students Energy Science and Eng. (EN)
Total 338 students

Each division is divided into nine (9) tutorial batches

(37 to 40 students in each batch)