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Lecture 7

This document provides examples and solutions for determining factors related to tension members made of structural steel, including: 1) Calculating the shear lag factor for a W16x45 section. 2) Calculating the shear lag factor for an angle-shaped member. 3) Determining the nominal tensile strength based on the effective net area for a 2L5x3x1/4 cross-section. 4) Calculating the ultimate design strength and checking the safety of a W10x45 member under given service load conditions.

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Azeezan Alessa
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

Lecture 7

This document provides examples and solutions for determining factors related to tension members made of structural steel, including: 1) Calculating the shear lag factor for a W16x45 section. 2) Calculating the shear lag factor for an angle-shaped member. 3) Determining the nominal tensile strength based on the effective net area for a 2L5x3x1/4 cross-section. 4) Calculating the ultimate design strength and checking the safety of a W10x45 member under given service load conditions.

Uploaded by

Azeezan Alessa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structural Steel Design CE 434

Tension Members
Lecture 8

Prof. Ghazi Abu-Farsakh


Eng. Mutaz AL-Dwairy

1
Tension Members 2

Example (2): Determine the shear lag factor.

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Solution (2):
Since the steel member is not fully connected then
𝐶𝑡 = min 𝐶𝑡1 , 𝐶𝑡2
𝐶𝑡1 =? ?, From table 2-1
• W-shape
• # bolts / line = 4 ≥ 3
𝐶𝑡1 = 0.85
• Connection to flanges Case e

𝒃𝒇 𝟕.𝟎𝟒 𝟐
• = = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟕 <
𝒅 𝟏𝟔.𝟏 𝟑

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W16x45

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𝑥ҧ
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − ≤ 0.9 Pay attention 𝑥ҧ in equation of 𝐶𝑡2
𝐿
is 𝑦ത in the manual
The section W16x45 will be cut into two WT 8x22.5
From manual 𝑥ҧ =1.86 in

L=9”
W16x45
1.86
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − = 0.7933 ≤ 0.9 = 0.7933
9

𝐶𝑡 = min 𝐶𝑡1 , 𝐶𝑡2 = min 0.85, 0.7933 = 0.7933

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WT8x22.5

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Example (2): Determine the shear lag factor.

L6 X 4 X 1/2

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Solution (2):
Since the steel member is not
fully connected then
𝐶𝑡 = min 𝐶𝑡1 , 𝐶𝑡2
𝐶𝑡1 =? ?, From table 2-1 𝐶𝑡1 = 0.85
Case e
• angle-shape
• # bolts / line = 3

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𝑥ҧ
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − ≤ 0.9
𝐿

L6x4x1/2
L (connection-length)= 6”
0.981
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − = 0.8365 ≤ 0.9 = 0.8365
6

𝐶𝑡 = min 𝐶𝑡1 , 𝐶𝑡2 = min 0.85, 0.8365 = 0.8365


Pay attention 𝑥ҧ in equation of 𝐶𝑡2
is 𝑦ത in the manual

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𝐶𝑡1 = 0.85
Case e

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Example (3): Determine the nominal tensile strength based on the effective net
area.

𝐹𝑢 = 70 𝑘𝑠𝑖

2L5x3x1/4 LLBB
cross-section

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Solution (3): the nominal tensile strength based on the effective net area means
based on fracture limit state.
𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒 𝐹𝑢 = 70 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐴𝑒 = 𝐶𝑡 𝐴𝑛
Since the steel member is not fully connected then
𝐶𝑡 = min 𝐶𝑡1 , 𝐶𝑡2
Since the number of fasteners in gage line equals two then 𝐶𝑡1 = 0.75
𝑥ҧ
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − ≤ 0.9
𝐿

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Table 2-1.

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𝑥ҧ
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − ≤ 0.9
𝐿

𝑥ҧ = 0.648" L=3“
0.648
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − = 0.784 ≤ 0.9=0.784
3

𝐶𝑡 = min 0.75, 0.784 = 0.75

𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴𝑔 − 4𝐴ℎ
2L5x3x1/4 LLBB
7 1 cross-section
= 2 ∗ 1.94 − 4 ∗ + ∗ 0.25 → 𝐴𝑛 = 2.88 𝑖𝑛2
8 8

𝐴𝑒 = 𝐶𝑡 𝐴𝑛 = 0.75 ∗ 2.88 = 2.16 𝑖𝑛2


𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒 = 70 ∗ 2.16 = 151.2 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

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Example (4): Determine the ultimate design strength (Pun) in a W10x45 member
with two lines of 3/4in. bolts in each flange having at least three bolts in each line.
Bolts are not staggered (standard). Use A36- steel . Take connection length L=8 in.
Check the safety of member, if the member is subject to service loads: due to dead
load PD=140 kips and due to live load PL=160 kips. ) Fy=36 ksi and Fu=58 ksi.

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Solution (4):
𝑃𝑢𝑛 = min 𝑃𝑢𝑛1 , 𝑃𝑢𝑛2
𝑃𝑢𝑛1 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔

Using manual 𝐴𝑔 = 13.3 𝑖𝑛2


𝑃𝑢𝑛1 = 0.9 36 13.3 = 430.92 𝑖𝑛2
𝑃𝑢𝑛2 = 0.75𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒
𝐴𝑒 = 𝐶𝑡 𝐴𝑛
Since the steel member is not fully connected then
𝐶𝑡 = min 𝐶𝑡1 , 𝐶𝑡2

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W10x45

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𝐶𝑡1 =? ?, From Table 2-1


• W-shape
• # bolts / line ≥ 3
• Connection to flanges 𝐶𝑡1 = 0.9

𝒃𝒇 𝟖.𝟎𝟐 𝟐
• = = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟗𝟒 ≥
𝒅 𝟏𝟎.𝟏 𝟑
𝑥ҧ
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − ≤ 0.9
𝐿

Pay attention 𝑥ҧ in equation of


The section W10x45 will be cut into two WT 5x22.5 𝐶𝑡2 is 𝑦ത in the manual
From manual 𝑥ҧ =0.907 in

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WT5x22.5

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L (connection length)=8”
𝑥ҧ 0.907
Ct2 = 1 − = 1 − = 0.89 ≤ 0.9 = 0.89
𝐿 8

𝐶𝑡 = min 𝐶𝑡1 , 𝐶𝑡2 = min 0.9, 0.89 = 0.89


𝐴𝑛 =? ?
𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴𝑔 − 4𝐴ℎ𝑓
3 1
𝐴ℎ𝑓 = 𝑑ℎ 𝑡𝑓 = + 0.62 = 0.5425 𝑖𝑛2
4 8 W10x45
𝐴𝑛 = 13.3 − 4 0.5425 = 11.13 𝑖𝑛2
𝐴𝑒 = 𝐶𝑡 𝐴𝑛 = 0.89 11.13 = 9.9057 𝑖𝑛2

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𝑃𝑢𝑛2 = 0.75𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒 = 0.75 58 9.9057 = 430.90 kips


𝑃𝑢𝑛 = min 430.92 , 430.90 = 430.9 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 Pay attention:
Write all units
Check the safety of member
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑃𝑢𝑛 ≥ 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑃𝑢
Combinations
(1) and (2)

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𝑃𝑢1 = 1.4𝐷 = 1.4 140 = 196 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠


𝑃𝑢2 = 1.2𝐷 + 1.6𝐿 = 1.2 140 + 1.6 160 = 424 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝑃𝑢 = 424 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
Since (𝑃𝑢𝑛 = 430.9) > (𝑃𝑢 = 424)
Therefore, the member is safe.

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