Lecture 7
Lecture 7
Tension Members
Lecture 8
1
Tension Members 2
Solution (2):
Since the steel member is not fully connected then
𝐶𝑡 = min 𝐶𝑡1 , 𝐶𝑡2
𝐶𝑡1 =? ?, From table 2-1
• W-shape
• # bolts / line = 4 ≥ 3
𝐶𝑡1 = 0.85
• Connection to flanges Case e
𝒃𝒇 𝟕.𝟎𝟒 𝟐
• = = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟕 <
𝒅 𝟏𝟔.𝟏 𝟑
W16x45
𝑥ҧ
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − ≤ 0.9 Pay attention 𝑥ҧ in equation of 𝐶𝑡2
𝐿
is 𝑦ത in the manual
The section W16x45 will be cut into two WT 8x22.5
From manual 𝑥ҧ =1.86 in
L=9”
W16x45
1.86
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − = 0.7933 ≤ 0.9 = 0.7933
9
WT8x22.5
L6 X 4 X 1/2
Solution (2):
Since the steel member is not
fully connected then
𝐶𝑡 = min 𝐶𝑡1 , 𝐶𝑡2
𝐶𝑡1 =? ?, From table 2-1 𝐶𝑡1 = 0.85
Case e
• angle-shape
• # bolts / line = 3
𝑥ҧ
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − ≤ 0.9
𝐿
L6x4x1/2
L (connection-length)= 6”
0.981
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − = 0.8365 ≤ 0.9 = 0.8365
6
𝐶𝑡1 = 0.85
Case e
Example (3): Determine the nominal tensile strength based on the effective net
area.
𝐹𝑢 = 70 𝑘𝑠𝑖
2L5x3x1/4 LLBB
cross-section
Solution (3): the nominal tensile strength based on the effective net area means
based on fracture limit state.
𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒 𝐹𝑢 = 70 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐴𝑒 = 𝐶𝑡 𝐴𝑛
Since the steel member is not fully connected then
𝐶𝑡 = min 𝐶𝑡1 , 𝐶𝑡2
Since the number of fasteners in gage line equals two then 𝐶𝑡1 = 0.75
𝑥ҧ
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − ≤ 0.9
𝐿
Table 2-1.
𝑥ҧ
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − ≤ 0.9
𝐿
𝑥ҧ = 0.648" L=3“
0.648
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − = 0.784 ≤ 0.9=0.784
3
𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴𝑔 − 4𝐴ℎ
2L5x3x1/4 LLBB
7 1 cross-section
= 2 ∗ 1.94 − 4 ∗ + ∗ 0.25 → 𝐴𝑛 = 2.88 𝑖𝑛2
8 8
Example (4): Determine the ultimate design strength (Pun) in a W10x45 member
with two lines of 3/4in. bolts in each flange having at least three bolts in each line.
Bolts are not staggered (standard). Use A36- steel . Take connection length L=8 in.
Check the safety of member, if the member is subject to service loads: due to dead
load PD=140 kips and due to live load PL=160 kips. ) Fy=36 ksi and Fu=58 ksi.
Solution (4):
𝑃𝑢𝑛 = min 𝑃𝑢𝑛1 , 𝑃𝑢𝑛2
𝑃𝑢𝑛1 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔
W10x45
𝒃𝒇 𝟖.𝟎𝟐 𝟐
• = = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟗𝟒 ≥
𝒅 𝟏𝟎.𝟏 𝟑
𝑥ҧ
𝐶𝑡2 = 1 − ≤ 0.9
𝐿
WT5x22.5
L (connection length)=8”
𝑥ҧ 0.907
Ct2 = 1 − = 1 − = 0.89 ≤ 0.9 = 0.89
𝐿 8