GEOMETRY

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COURSE OBJECTIVES:

● Understand geometrical terminology for

lines, angles, polygons, and circles.
● Familiarize oneself with different
geometric relationships.
● Be able to solve for the areas and
volumes of polygons and geometric
objects using geometric formulas.
Question:

1. In the given figure, parallel lines p and q

are cut by transversal n. If m∠1 = 6x − 5
and m∠2 = 5x + 20, what are the
measures of ∠1 and ∠2 if p ∥ q ?

a. m∠1 = 85° and m∠2 = 95°

b. m∠1 = 105° and m∠2 = 75°
c. m∠1 = 95° and m∠2 = 95°
d. m∠1 = 105° and m∠2 = 105°
Solution:
Recall: Supplementary Angles and Corresponding Angles.

1. The answer is A.
Recall:

Line relationships:
1.Parallel lines – lines with all the
respective points equidistant with each
other
2.Perpendicular lines – intersecting lines
forming a right angle
3.Skew lines – non-parallel lines that do
not intersect in space
Transversal – a line intersecting two or
more lines (not necessarily parallel lines);
a transversal intersecting parallel lines
develops angles with defined properties
that are useful in problem solving.
Recall:

● ∠A, ∠F, ∠G, and ∠D are exterior

angles.
● ∠B, ∠E, ∠H, and ∠C are interior
angles.
● ∠B &∠E and ∠H &∠C are consecutive
interior angles.
● ∠A &∠G and ∠F &∠D are alternate
exterior angles.
● ∠E &∠C and∠H &∠B are alternate
interior angles.
● ∠A &∠E, ∠C &∠G, ∠D &∠H, and ∠F
&∠B are corresponding angles.
Recall:

Remember that when two parallel lines

are cut by a transversal, all angles that
are either alternate interior angles,
alternate exterior angles,r
corresponding angles are all congruent.
Recall:
Angle relationships:
1.Supplementary angles – two angles having a
sum of 180°
2.Complementary angles – two angles having a
sum of 90°
3.Congruent angles – angles with equal measure.
4.Vertical angles – opposite angles formed by two
intersecting lines.
5.Adjacent angles – two angles having a common
side and a common vertex and don’t overlap.
Linear pairs – adjacent angles formed by two
intersecting lines
Question:

2. In the given figure, lines m and n are

cut by transversal q. Which of the
following statements could NOT be used
to prove that m ∥ n?

a. ∠2 is congruent to ∠6
b. ∠1 is congruent to ∠8
c. ∠4 is congruent to ∠5
d. ∠6 is congruent to ∠7
Solution:

Recall: Angle Relationships

For statement A, ∠2 and ∠6 are corresponding

angles.
For statement B, ∠1 and ∠8 are alternate
exterior angles.
For statement C, ∠4 and ∠5 are alternate
interior angles.
For statement D, ∠6 and ∠7 are vertical angles.
Thus, they are congruent. However, statement D
only gives us the relationship of line n and q and
is insufficient to prove that m∥n.

2. The answer is D.
Question:

3. In the given figure, parallel lines

m and n are cut by transversals p
and q. What is the value of x?

a. 75°
b. 105°
c. 100°
d. 120°
Solution:

Recall that a triangle has three sides

and three angles. The sum of the angles
is always 180°.
A
B A = 180 - 120 = 60
B = 180 - (60 + 40) = 80

x = 180 - B = 180 - 80
x = 100

3. The answer is C.
Question:

4. Adjacent angles HIK and KIJ form angle HIJ.

Angle HIJ measures 136° and angle KIJ
measures 78°. What is the measure of angle
HIK?

a. 214°
b. 102°
c. 58°
d. 44
Solution:

Recall: Adjacent angles

136°
? m∠HIJ = 136
I K m∠KIJ = 78
78°
m∠ HIK = 136 - 78 = 58

4. The answer is C.

J
Question:

5. Based on the figure, which of the

following is TRUE?

a. p ∥ r
b. p ∥ q
c. s ∥ t
d. q ∥ r
Solution:

Recall: Parallel lines

For statement A, p ∦ r because 115° ≠ 105°.

For statement B, p ∦ q because 105° + 70° ≠ 180°.
For statement D, q ∦ r because 115° + 70° ≠ 180°.

5. The answer is C. s ∥ t because 110° + 70° = 180°.

Question:

6. Points L, M, N, and O are collinear, with M

between L and N, and N between M and O.
Which of the following is always true if LN =
MO?

a. LM = MN
b. MN = NO
c. LM = NO
d. LM = MO
Solution:

Recall: Collinear Points

Are points that all lie in the same line whether they are close together,
far apart, or form a ray, line segment, or line.

L M N O

LN = MO
LN - MN = MO - MN
LM = NO

6. The answer is C.
Question:

7. In the given figure, lines m and k are

perpendicular. Which of the following pairs
are NOT supplementary?

a. ∠3 and ∠5
b. ∠3 and ∠4
c. ∠4 and ∠5
d. ∠1 and ∠2
Solution:
If k and n are perpendicular, then ∠1 = ∠2 =
90°.

Notice that ∠5 is an acute angle.

∠5 and ∠4 are vertical angles. Hence, they are
congruent.

From these, we have:

m∠5 + m∠4 ≠ 180

Sum of two acute angles are always less than

180.

7. The answer is C.
Question:

8. What is the measure of each exterior

angle of a regular octagon?

a. 135°
b. 120°
c. 60°
d. 45°
Recall:
Polygon – a closed plane figure bounded by three or more line segments that terminate
in pairs at the same number of vertices, and do not intersect other than at their
vertices
● Regular polygon – all sides are equal
● Irregular polygon – at least two sides are not equal

The exterior angle (denoted as e) can be

calculated by subtracting the interior angle
(denoted as i) from 180°:

e = 180° - i
Recall:

Concave Polygon Convex Polygon

sum of the exterior angles of a polygon = 360°

sum of the interior angles of a convex polygon

with number of sides = n can be calculated
using:

I = n(180°) - 360° = (n - 2)180°

Solution:

We use the formula of sum of the interior angles of a convex polygon:

I = n(180°) - 360° = (n - 2)180°

We have n = 8 because a regular octagon has 8 sides.

I = (8-2)180° = 6(180) = 1080

Measure of each interior angle = 1080 ÷ 8 = 135
Measure of each exterior angle = 180 - 135 = 45.

8. The answer is D.
Question:

9. The sum of four interior angles of a heptagon is 540°. What is the

measure of the three other interior angles of the heptagon if these
angles are congruent?

a. 120°
b. 128°
c. 132°
d. 135°
Solution:
We use the formula of sum of the interior angles of a convex polygon:
I = n(180°) - 360° = (n - 2)180°

We have n = 7 because a heptagon has 7 sides.

I = (7-2)180° = 5(180) = 900

It was given that the sum of four interior angles = 540.

Thus, the sum of the remaining three interior angeles = 900 - 540 = 360.

If these remaining three angles are congruent, then the measure of each angle
is 360 ÷ 3 = 120.

9. The answer is A.
Question:

10. The vertices of triangle CBI are (-3, 2), (-1, 1),
and (1, 2). Triangle CBI is ________.

a. Scalene
b. Equilateral
c. Isosceles
d. Right
Solution:
For easier calculations, draw the triangle on a
cartesian plane by plotting the given coordinates.

Notice that the midpoint of the line segment CI is

(-1,2). The midpoint of the line segment CI and the
point B (-1,1) forms a bisector of the triangle CBI.

Recall: A bisector divides a line or an angle into two

equivalent parts.

√5
1

2
Solution:

The distance between I(1,2) and (1,1) is 1 unit.

The distance between (1,1) and B(-1,1) is 2 units.
√5
Using the Pythagorean Theorem (a2 + b2 = c2), the
1
distance between I and B

=
2
Solution:

4
We have an isosceles
triangle.

√5 √5 10. The answer is C.

Question:

11. Triangle CAT is an obtuse isosceles triangle

with m∠T = 30° and AT > AC. What is the
measure of ∠C?

a. 30°
b. 60°
c. 120°
d. 150°
Solution:

Draw an obtuse isosceles triangle.

Recall:
obtuse triangle - has an angle greater
than 90° (e.g., ∠C).

Isosceles triangle - two sides are equal

(e.g., AC and CT).
30°

m∠C = 180 - (m∠A + m∠T)

= 180° - (30° + 30°) = 180° - 60° = 120°

11. The answer is C.

Recall:
Types of Triangles
According to sides:
Equilateral Triangle - All sides are equal.
Isosceles Triangle - Two sides are equal.
Scalene Triangle - No sides are equal.
(Note: If there are equal sides, then it is also true that their angles,
formed by two sides other than itself, are equal.)

According to angles:
Acute Triangle - It has three angles that are less than 90°
Right Triangle - It has a right angle (90°).
Obtuse Triangle - It has an angle that is greater than 90°.

Congruent triangles – same size and shape regardless of orientation

Recall:
Question:

12. In the given figure, triangle XWV is

congruent to triangle TUV. Which of the
following statements is NOT necessarily true?

a. ∠XVW is congruent to ∠TVU

b. ∠VST is congruent to ∠VWX
c. XW is congruent to TU
d. WV is congruent to UV
Solution:

Recall: Congruent triangles.

12. The answer is B.

Question:

13. In triangle DEF, DE = 8 cm and FE = 3

cm. Which inequality represents all possible
values for the length of DF in cm?

a. 3 < DF < 8
b. 3 < DF < 11
c. 5 < DF < 11
d. 5 < DF < 8
Solution:
Recall: Triangle Inequality Theorem
- the sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the
length of the third side.
DF + FE > DE Shortcut: Add and subtract
DF + 3 > 8 the two sides.
DF > 8 - 3
D DF > 5 Example:
8 - 3 < DF < 8 + 3
FE + DE > DF 5 < DF < 11
3 + 8 > DF
8 11 > DF
F Note that 5 and 11 are
not included in the
5 < DF < 11 range of possible
3
values of DF because
13. The answer is C. they will form a line.
E
Question:

14. In the given figure, triangle QRS is

congruent to triangle UTS. If m∠UST = 48°,
what is m∠Q?

a. 48°
b. 42°
c. 52°
d. 58°
Solution:

m∠UST = 48° = m∠QSR

m∠Q = 180 - (m∠QSR + m∠R)
= 180° - (48° + 90°)
= 180° - 138°
= 42°

14. The answer is B.

Question:

15. A triangle has sides with length 7 and 8.

Which of the following CANNOT be the length
of the third side?

a. 8
b. 7
c. 17
d. 14
Solution:

Recall: Triangle Inequality Theorem

8 - 7 < length of the third side < 8 + 7

1 < length of the third side < 15

15. The answer is C.

Question:

16. If a triangle has sides 8, 16, and 22,

which could be the sides of a similar triangle?

a. (4, 8, 11)
b. (16, 32, 42)
c. (2, 4, 6)
d. (2, 6, 9)
Recall:

Similar triangles - angles are

congruent and corresponding sides
are in equal proportion.
Solution:
Proportionality test:
Let us test option A first.

*Try the values in B, C, D. They will not satisfy the proportionality

test.

16. The answer is A.

Question:

17. In triangle CBI, m∠C = 38° and m∠I =

82°. Which inequality is TRUE?

a. IC < BI < CB
b. CB < BI < IC
c. BI < CB < IC
d. BI < IC < CB
Solution:

Opposite side po the largest angle is

the longest.

Opposite side of the smallest angle is

the shortest.

Thus, BI < IC < CB.

The answer is D.
Question:

18. Triangle QRS ~ Triangle TUV. The lengths

of the sides of triangle QRS are 7, 10, and 13.
What is the length of the longest side of TUV
if its perimeter is 75?

a. 17.5
b. 20
c. 26
d. 32.5
Solution:

R
Perimeter = 30
Longest side = 13

S
Q

U
Perimeter = 75
Longest side = x

T V 18. The answer is D.

Question:

L 19. In the given figure, triangle LGT is a right

triangle with right angle ∠G and m∠T = 59°.
Points I on LG and H on LT form line segment
H IH such that m∠LIH = 67°. What is the
67° measure of ∠LHI ?
I
a. 126°
59° b. 113°
T c. 74°
G
d. 82°
Solution:

31°

82° H
67° 19. The answer is D.

I
59°
T
G
Question:

20. The shorter leg of a 30°- 60°- 90° triangle is 20 cm. What is
its area in cm2?

a. 100√2
b. 400√2
c. 200√3
d. 400√3
Remember:
The Pythagorean Triple
(special ratio of triangles)

60° 2x 45°
√2x
x
x
30° 45°
√3x x

30°- 60°- 90° triangle 45°- 45°- 90° triangle

x : √3x : 2x x : x : √2x
Solution:
Given: x = 20

60° 60° 2x = 2(20)= 40

2x
x x = 20

30° 30°

√3x √3x = 20√3

Area of a triangle = (½)bh = (½)(20√3)(20)= 200√3

20. The answer is C.

Question:

21. If the sides of a quadrilateral are 10, 16, 14, and 22

cm and the longest side of a similar quadrilateral is 33
cm, how long is the shortest side of this quadrilateral?

a. 5 cm
b. 10 cm
c. 15 cm
d. 20 cm
Recall:

SIMILARITY AND PROPORTIONALITY

Similar is a geometric term referring to geometric shapes that

are the same except that one can be larger than the other. Also,
corresponding sides of similar figures are proportional.
Solution:

x
10

16 14

22
33
22 : 33
2:3
10 : x
x = 15

21. The answer is C.

Question:

22. When the length of a rectangle is divided by 3 and

the width is doubled, the area of the new rectangle is the
area of the original one multiplied by ___.

a. 3
b. 2
c. 2/3
d. 3/2
Solution:
Let the length and width of the original rectangle be equal to 1.
1
2

1 1/3

If we divide the length by 3 and multiply the width by 2, it will

result to the rectangle shown above.
A=LxW
A = (1/3) x (2)
A = 2/3
Since the area of the original rectangle is 1, the answer is 2/3.

22. The answer is C.

Question:

23. The perimeter of a square is 32. What is the length of a

diagonal of the square?

a. 4
b. 4√2
c. 8√2
d. 32√2
Solution:
S

S
S√2

Recall that the perimeter of a square is:

P = 4S
S = P/4 = 32/4 = 8

From the Pythagorean theorem, we know that the diagonal

of a square is equal to S√2.
d = S√2 = 8√2

23. The answer is C.

Question:
C V

I O
24. In the given figure of rectangle ICVO, diagonals CO
and VI intersect at D. If ID = x + 7 and CO = 8x - 22,
what is the length of VI?

a. 6
b. 13
c. 22
d. 26
Solution:
C V

I O
Recall that the diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other and
are congruent. Therefore,
2(ID) = CO = VI VI = CO = 8x - 22
2(I + 7) = 8x - 22 VI = 8(6) - 22
2x + 14 = 8x - 22 VI = 26
6x = 36
x=6

24. The answer is D.

Question:
R Z

A E
25. In the given trapezoid EZRA, diagonals ER and AZ intersect at C
and triangle EZR is congruent to triangle ARZ. Which of the following
is TRUE based on the given information?

a. ER is congruent to ZR
b. RA is congruent to EA
c. ∠RAC is congruent to ∠REA
d. ∠RAZ is congruent to ∠ZER
Solution:
Recall:

● Congruent triangles – same size and

shape regardless of orientation.
R Z
Given that triangle EZR is congruent to
C triangle ARZ, ∠RAZ is congruent to ∠ZER.

A E 25. The answer is D.

Question:
W X
2
1

Z Y
26. In the given figure of parallelogram WXYZ with
diagonals WY and XZ, m∠2 = 38° and m∠XYZ = 105°.
What is the measure of ∠1?

a. 75°
b. 38°
c. 37°
d. 19°
Solution:

Recall:
Consecutive angles in a parallelogram are supplementary.

Therefore, W X
m∠1 + m∠2 + m∠XYZ = 180° 2
m∠1 = 180° - m∠XYZ - m∠2 1
m∠1 = 180° - 105° - 38°
m∠1 = 37°

26. The answer is C.

Z Y
Question:

27. BC and DE are chords of the same length intersecting at A.

Which postulate or theorem could be used to prove that triangle
CAE is congruent to triangle DAB?

a. SSS Theorem D
b. SAS Theorem
c. ASA Theorem
d. AA Theorem
C
A B

E
Recall:
Triangle congruence:
● Side-Angle-Side (SAS) congruence postulate - if two sides and the
included angle of one triangle are congruent to two sides and the included
angle of another triangle, then these two triangles are congruent.
● Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) congruence postulate - if two angles and the
included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the included
side of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent. 
● Side-Side-Side (SSS) congruence postulate - if three sides of one triangle
are congruent to three sides of another triangle, then these two triangles
are congruent.
● Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) congruence postulate – if two angles and the
non-included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the
non-included side of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
Solution:
D

C
A B

E
Recall: Side-Angle-Side (SAS) congruence postulate

27. The answer is A.

Question:

28. What is the area of a square inscribed in a circle having a

diameter of 6 cm?

a. 6 cm²
b. 18 cm²
c. 6π cm²
d. 18π cm²
Solution: S

6cm

Recall that the diagonal of a square is equal to S√2.

S√2 = 6
S = 6/√2 = 3√2
Area:
A = S² = (3√2)² = 18 cm²

28. The answer is B.

Question: C
A
3x x
O
B
D

29. In the given circle above, chords AB and CD

intersect at center O. If the m∠BOC = x and m∠AOC =
3x, what is the measure of arc BC?

a. 45°
b. 35°
c. 31°
d. 22.5°
Recall:
Solution: C
A
3x x
O
B
D
Recall that consecutive angles are supplementary.
Therefore,
m∠BOC + m∠AOC = 180°
x + 3x = 180°
x = 180°/4
x = 45°

Recall that central angle is equal to the arc length.

x = BC = 45°

29. The answer is A.

 A 12
Question: B

30. AB is tangent to circle O at A, BCD is a secant. If AB = 12 cm

and BC = 8 cm, what is the measure of BCD?

a. 4 cm
b. 12 cm
c. 18 cm
d. 20 cm
Recall:

chord

secant

tangent
 A 12
Solution: B

Recall:
Tangent-Secant Power Theorem – when a tangent line and a secant
line intersect at an exterior point, AB2 = BC · BD
(12)2 = (8) · BCD
BCD = 144/8 = 18 cm

30. The answer is C.

Question:
L M
K
J

N O

31. A circle with center J is inscribed in square LMNO.

If JK = 1 cm, what is the area of the shaded region, in
square centimeters?
a. 2 - π
b. 2 - 2π
c. 4 - π
d. 4 - 2π
Solution:
L M
K
J

N O

Ashaded region = Asquare - Acircle

First, solve for the areas of the square and circle.

Asquare = s2 Acircle = πr2
Asquare = (2)2 = 4 Acircle = (1)2π = π

Ashaded region = 4 - π
Solution:
L M
K
J

N O

Ashaded region = Asquare - Acircle

First, solve for the areas of the square and circle.

Asquare = s2 Acircle = πr2
Asquare = (2)2 = 4 Acircle = (1)2π = π

Ashaded region = 4 - π

31. The answer is C.

 32. Reginald and Sofia usually puts their ping pong balls
in a cylindrical container which contains 3 balls in a near fit
(the center of the balls are collinear). The radius of the ball is
equal to the radius of the cylindrical container. What fraction
of the volume of the container is occupied by the three balls?

a. 1/6
b. 1/3
c. 2/3
d. 3/4
33. If each of the cube’s edge is increased by 60%. Because of
that, what is the percent increase in its surface area?

a. 28%
b. 60%
c. 156%
d. 256%
Solution
Let s = 1; set as original SA
34. The figure shows a circular swimming pool surrounded by
a circular path. The combined pool and path have a radius of
8 feet, with the center at point X. If the area of the pool itself is
36π square feet, how many feet wide is the circular path?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
Question: Circle
Solve for radius of outer circle:

Get difference of the radii:

8−6=2
Answer: A.