Conceptual Type

Appropriate Production Scheduling -

A production schedule lists every single product that’ll be
manufactured, including where and when they’ll be made.

It includes every detail, from raw materials to logistics. It also

incorporates various processes designed to make production run smoothly
while helping managers spot potential issues — like bottlenecks — and stop
them before they explode into something bigger. For this reason, it’s a
flexible, changeable document that you’ll need to update and check
regularly.

As well as helping managers plan ahead, the production schedule

works as a line of communication between production and sales teams.
Sales inform the manufacturing team about the levels of demand.
Manufacturers then tell sales when the product is ready.

Batch Production -
Batch production is a method whereby a group of identical products
are produced simultaneously (rather than one at a time). It is up to the
manufacturer to decide how big the batch will be, and how often these
batches will be made.

Each batch goes through the separate stages of the manufacturing

process together. Meaning that another batch can’t begin a stage, if the
previous one is still within that part of the cycle.

Each batch can be different, as manufacturers can decide to change

the specifications from one group of products to the next. Perhaps it is
necessary to change the colour or size of that particular group (depending
on the preferences specified in a particular order).

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Competitive Priorities –
Competitive priorities are the critical operational dimensions a process
or supply chain must possess to satisfy its internal or external customers.
The concept of competitive priorities is very important to organizations
because it helps them set up achievable goals and it has long been known to
be associated with organizational performance.

Demand –
Demand is the quantity of consumers who are willing and able to buy
products at various prices during a given period of time. Demand for any
commodity implies the consumers' desire to acquire the good, the
willingness and ability to pay for it.

E-Commerce –
The term electronic commerce (ecommerce) refers to a business
model that allows companies and individuals to buy and sell goods and
services over the Internet. Ecommerce operates in four major market
segments and can be conducted over computers, tablets, smart phones, and
other smart devices. Nearly every imaginable product and service is
available through ecommerce transactions.

Inputs of Transformation Process –

Inputs are used up in the process of creating goods or services; others
play a part in the creation process but are not used up. To distinguish
between these, input resources are usually classified as:
 Transformed resources – those that are transformed in some way by
the operation to produce the goods or services that are its outputs
 Transforming resources – those that are used to perform the
transformation process.
Three types of resource that may be transformed in operations are:
 Materials – the physical inputs to the process
 Information that is being processed or used in the process
 Customers – the people who are transformed in some way
The two types of transforming resource are:
 Staff – the people involved directly in the transformation process or
supporting it
 Facilities – land, buildings, machines and equipment.

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Intermittent Production System –
Intermittent means something that starts and stops at irregular
intervals (time intervals). In the intermittent production system, goods are
produced according to customer orders. These products are produced on a
small scale. The production flow is intermittent (irregular).

JIT –
Just-in-time, or JIT, is an inventory management method in which
goods are received from suppliers only as they are needed. The main
objective of this method is to reduce inventory holding costs and increase
inventory turnover.

Long Term Demand Forecasting –

Long-term demand forecasting is done for greater than a year. This
helps identify and plan for seasonality, annual patterns, production capacity,
and expansion over a longer period of time. This drives long-term business
strategy (e.g., plans to launch a facility or store internationally and expand
into new markets)

Manufacturing Process –
Manufacturing is the production of goods through the use of labour,
machinery, tools and biological or chemical processing or formulation.
Manufacturing can either mean transforming raw materials into finished
goods on a large scale, or the creation of more complex items by selling
basic goods to manufacturers for the production of items such as
automobiles, aircraft, or household appliances.
There are three types of manufacturing production process,
 Make To Stock (MTS),
 Make To Order (MTO) and
 Make To Assemble (MTA)

Motion Study –
Motion study is a systematic way of determining the best method of
doing the work by scrutinizing the motions made by the worker or the
machine.

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Operations Management –
Operations management (OM) is the administration of business
practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible within an
organization. It is concerned with converting materials and labor into goods
and services as efficiently as possible to maximize the profit of an
organization.

Operations Research –
Operations research (O.R.) is defined as the scientific process of
transforming data into insights to making better decisions. Analytics is the
application of scientific & mathematical methods to the study & analysis of
problems involving complex systems.

Operations Strategy –
Operations strategy is a guiding principle used to plan, analyze, and
execute a company's operations. Businesses use operations strategies to
identify and implement cost-effective processes for creating and distributing
products and services.

Positioning Strategy –
A positioning strategy is a strategic marketing plan that helps you
determine where your business stands in the market and how it should be
positioned to attract more customers.

Pre Established Cost –

Manufacturing costs are established before the product is actually
manufactured. The manufacturing department has to manufacture the
products at the pre-established cost. In any case, any variation between the
actual costs and the standard (pre established) should be kept at minimum.

Production and Operations Management –

Production / Operations Management is defined as the process which
transforms the inputs/resources of an organization into final goods (or
services) through a set of defined, controlled and repeatable policies. By
policies, we refer to the rules that add value to the final output.

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Production Control –
Production control is the activity of monitoring and controlling any
particular production or operation. Production control is often run from a
specific control room or operations room. With inventory control and quality
control, production control is one of the key functions of operations
management.

Production Flow Control –

Production Flow Control, also known as Kanban, is a method of
controlling production for Just In Time (JIT) and Lean Manufacturing. It's
essentially a restocking system to ensure the right amounts of supplies and
materials are where they need to be, when they need to be there.

Productivity –
Productivity is a measure of economic performance that compares the
amount of goods and services produced (output) with the amount of inputs
used to produce those goods and services.

Quality Control –
Quality control (QC) is a process through which a business seeks to
ensure that product quality is maintained or improved. Quality control
involves testing units and determining if they are within the specifications for
the final product.

Service Revolution –
The “Service Revolution” has altered the characteristics of services.
The old ideas of services being non transportable, non tradable, and non
scalable no longer hold for a host of modern impersonal services that are
moved across borders over the Internet, digitized and stored electronically,
and scaled into giant global businesses. Developing countries can sustain
services - led growth because there is enormous space for catching up and
convergence.

Services –
A service is an " act or use for which a consumer, firm, or government
is willing to pay." Examples include work done by barbers, doctors, lawyers,
mechanics, banks, insurance companies, and so on. Public services are those
that society as a whole pays for.

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Strategic Fit –
Strategic fit expresses the degree to which an organization is matching
its resources and capabilities with the opportunities in the external
environment. The matching takes place through strategy and it is therefore
vital that the company has the actual resources and capabilities to execute
and support the strategy.

Stratum Formulation –
A production system consisting of various strata (plural form of
stratum) of corporate hierarchy wherein each stratum has a role to play
depending on the size of the firm. It enjoys benefits as a result of the
stratum (a group into which members of a population are divided in
stratified sampling) performance.

Supply Chain Management –

Supply chain management is the management of the flow of goods
and services and includes all processes that transform raw materials into
final products. It involves the active streamlining of a business's supply-side
activities to maximize customer value and gain a competitive advantage in
the marketplace.

TQM –
A core definition of total quality management (TQM) describes a
management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction.
In a TQM effort, all members of an organization participate in improving
processes, products, services, and the culture in which they work.

Transformation Process –
A transformation process is any activity or group of activities that
takes one or more inputs, transforms and adds value to them, and provides
outputs for customers or clients. Changes in the physical characteristics of
materials or customers.

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Essay Type
Challenges in Operation Management

Characteristics of Demand Forecasting

Differences between Services and Goods

Functions of Operations Management

Historical Development of Operations Management

Importance of Operations Management

Issues in Operating Strategy

Objectives of Operation Management

Operation Function of SCM

Recent Trends in Operations Management

Strategic Fit

Various Activities Relating To Production System Design

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