Vee Luyén thi TN THPT Luyén thi DH & CD @ Luyén thi ching chi A, B,C < 7 ; Lt) INGAPMUAT BAN DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI BeNGUYEN HUU CHAN LY THUYET VA BAI TAP TRAC NGHIEM CAC THI TIENG ANH Luyén thi TN THPT ® Luyén thi DH & CD @ Luyén thi chitng chi A, B,C @ Be NHA XUAT BAN DAI HQC QUOC GIA HA NOILOI NOI DAU Mot trong nhiing mang quan trong va can thiét cua ngit phap tiéng Anh 1a Thi (Tense) ma cdc nha ngon ngit thudng goi la “Thoi”. Thi trong tiéng Anh duoc nhiéu nha ngon ngtt hoc néi tiéng chi trong va quan tam & nhiéu goc do khac nhau nhu: Alexander (1992), Kirn va Jack (1990), Quirk (1973), Werner (1990), va sé nha ngon ngit khac, dac biét la cong trinh nghién citu hét stte ti mi va day tinh thuyét phuc cua Thomson va Martinet (1996) vai tua dé “A Practical English Grammar”. Cac nha ngén ngit hoc cho rang Thi la mét pham tri ngir phap cla dong tif ding dé phan dnh thai gian, va dinh vi théi gian cua su kién hodc trang théi dang duge n6i dén 6 trong cau. C6 ba diém méc dé phan biét ba Thi ngit phap: Thi hién tai, Thi qua kht, Thi tuong lai. Dé hoc tét ngir phdp tiéng Anh, truéc tién ngudi hoc phai nam vitng cach sit dung cdc Thi mét cach thanh thao bdi Jé Thi duge xem nhu la mét nén mong ving chdc, gitp ngudi hoc khong nhitng nim vitng cac qui tdc ngit phap ma con thé hién sy lap luan hanh van chat ché, stic tich, logic vé mat thai gian. Chinh vi vay, Werner (1990) phat biéu rang “phat trién y niém vé thdi gian va trat tu cua Thi la diéu tat yéu cua su thong thai vé ngOn ngif cuia ban’. Nhu da dé cp trén 6 Thi la mét trong nhing mang ngit phap rat quan trong duge gidng day trong suét cdc chuong trinh phé thong tir lép 6 dén ldp 12, va duge kiém tra danh gid kha nang stt dung Thi tiéng Anh cia hoc sinh, sinh vién trong cdc ky thi tét nghiép phé théng trung hoc, tuyén sinh Dai hoc ya Cao dang trong cdc nam qua. Tuy nhién, qua thuc té gidng day chting t6i nhan thay rang hoc vién hoc tiéng Anh noi chung va hoc sinh, sinh vién néi riéng gap nhiéu kho khan trong viéc sit dung Thi bdi vi ho khéng n&m vitng cach str dung Thi m6t cach khoa hoc. Do vay, viéc linh hdi va nam ving cdch sit dung Thi tiéng Anh la mét diéu rat hitu dung va cdn thiét cho sy hoan thién cia viéc hoc tiéng Anh cia ho cing nhu dé dap tng nhu cdu cia viée hoc tiéng Anh ngay cang cao trong tién trinh Viét Nam dang hoa nhap véi thé gidi hién nay. Dé dap ting duge nhu cdu cia thyc té cia ngudi hoc, cing véi sy tam huyét nghé nghiép, ching tdi da day cong bién soan va bién tap cudn sch LY THUYET VA BAI TAP TRAC NGHIEM CAC THi TIENG ANH nham gitip ngudi hoc tiéng Anh dat duge nhiing két qué kha quan vé cach st dung cdc Thi tiéng Anh cia minh. Cudn sach nay duge bién soan, va bién tap that ti mi tir cdc sach gido khoa tir cp II dén cap III] Phé théng trung hoc theo chuong trinhcai cach, tit nhiing kinh nghiém hoc va day tiéng Anh trong nhiéu né qua, tif cd: tai ligu, s4ch ngén ngit hoc cla cdc nha ngén ngit hoc, va n 86 gido trinh dang duge giang day 6 Viét Nam ciia cdc nha thiét ké g trinh néi tiéng. Cuén sdch duge chia thanh ba phan chinh: Ly thuy Bai t4p thyc hanh, va Dap 4n. Phén I - Ly thuyét-duge trinh bay tit don gian dén phic tap, sau dé la bén bai t4p ty ludn thyc hanh (exercises) dugc thiét ké sau | mét sé Thi vita duge trinh bay dé ngudi hoc lam quen vdi cach sit dt cdc Thi. Phdén II - Bai tap thyc hanh - cé ba phan bai tap trac nghié Practice I: Titng cau (400 edu), Practice I: Timg doan van (20 doan v duge sip xép tir dé dén khé, va Practice III: 50 cdu trac nghiém \ (ding tit ggi y, két hgp véi cach sit dung ding cdc Thi dé viét thanh hoan chinh). Phan III - Dap 4n gitip ngudi hoc ty kiém tra va danh gid khi ty minh cé gdng thuc hién lam cdc bai tap trén, dé tir dé rit nhing kinh nghiém tét hon cho nhing bai tap ké tiép. Hy vong r&ng cuén sach nay sé mang lai cho ngudi hoc nhi diéu ly tha va bé ich trong viée trau déi cach sit dung cdc Thi tiéng / mét cach khoa hoc. Kinh thua Quy ban doc! Van dé ném vimg va tich luy cach dung céc Thi tiéng Anh ddi héi nhiéu thdi gian, cong sic va tri tue nhiéu ngu®i. Do vay, chting t6i luén luén nhan thtic sau sc rang: su h thién cia cuén séch nay 1a mot phan dong gop y kién quy bau va c thanh cua Quy ban doc, va ching t6i cing rt mong muén nham duc chia sé cua cdc ban véi cau tuc ngit ma ngudi Anh thudng ndi: “Khon; khu vusn nao ma khdng cé cé dai”. Chéc chdn rang trong qua trinh t soan, di da cé ging va cdn trong dén dau chang nifa, ching toi kh thé hoan toan tranh khdi nhiing sai sét va khéng thé nao dap) ing duge cde diéu mong muén cia céc ban. Vi vay, ching tdi rét mong n duge nhing ¥ kién déng gép quy béu cia cdc ban dé cudn sdch nay « hoan thién hon trong lan tai ban. Ching t0i xin chan thanh cam on! Chic cdc ban thanh céng! Thgc si Nguyén Hau ChamPHAN I: LY THUYET (THEORY) I. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (Thi hién tai don/thudng) A. FORMATION (Cach thanh lap) 1. D6i vdi ngéi thi 3 sé it a, The affirmative form (Thé khang dinh) Dong tir di sau ngdi tht ba sé it phai thém “s” hoac “es”. Ngdi thi ba sé it nhu: he, she, it, Mary, Tom, my father v.v.. Nhiing dong tit them “es” c6 tan cing 1a: 0, x , ss, ch, z, sh, cdn lai 1a thém “s” Ex: He reads_books. She watches television in her free time. My teacher usually goes swimming on Saturday. b, The negative form (Thé phu dinh) Doi voi ngéi thit ba sé it, khi déi sang thé phu dinh, thi mugn trg dong tit “To do” bién thanh “does” va thém “not”, déng tir dua vé nguyén mau. Ex: Peter does not (doesn’t) go to school at 6.30 every day. He does not get up early. c, The interrogative form (Thé nghi van) Giéng nhu thé phi dinh, nhung ching ta dat “Does” ra ddu cau, dong tir é nguyén mau, cuéi cau c6 dau cham héi. Ex: Does your sister do her physical exercises in the morning? What time does your father usually go to work? 2. Déi véi cdc ngéi con lai a, The affirmative form Déi véi cdc ngdi con lai nhu: I, We, You, They thi chung ta khéng thém “s” hoac “es” sau dong tit, nghia la dong tir 6 nguyén mau. Ex: I read an interesting story. We like playing football very much. They often go fishing in the afternoon.b, The negative form Déi véi cdc ngéi nay, ching ta mugn tro dong tit “To do” bién thanh “do” va thém “not” , déng tir d nguyén mau. Ex: They do not (don’t) like smoking. We do not drink coffee at night. ce, The interrogative form Tuong tu nhu thé phd dinh, ta dat “Do” ra dang truéc, dong ti @ nguyén méu, cudi cau c6 dau cham héi. Ex: How often do you go to the cinema? What do they do in their free time? B. USES (Cach si dung) Sau day 1a mét sé cach st dung thi hién tai don: 1. Dang dé dién té mét chan ly, mét su that, mét diéu hién nhién. Ex1: The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. (Mat tréi moc 6 huéng déng va lan 6 hudng tay). Two and two are four. 2. Diing dé dién ta mét thoi quen, mot dae tinh. Ex2: She usually gets up at six o'clock. He watches television after dinner. 3. Ding vdi cau diéu kién loai I. Ex3: If he works hard, he will pass his examination. If it does not rain, we will go camping. 4. Dung vdi cée trang tit hay cum trang tit nhu: always, usuall sometimes, often, occasionally, frequently, seldom, rarely, everry da every week, every month, every year, on Monday/ Tuesday Wednesday/ Thursday.., once a week/ year/ month, twice a iweeh month/ year... Ex4: My mother occasionally goes to the market in the aftermoon Ex5: Do they seldom get drunk? Ex6: Mr Nam goes to the English speaking club every week. 5. Dung trong cdc titu dé bai bao. Ex7: The Prime Minister visits China.The Government reforms administrative policies. 6. Ding trong céc bang thai gian vé chuong trinh, su kién theo lich dé dinh, thai gian di lai Ex8: The exhibition opens at 7 a.m and closes at 5 p.m. Ex9: The concert begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.30 Ex10: The train arrives at 6 o'clock and departs at 6.05. C. NOTES + Dong tit ma cé consonant (phu am) + y di sau ngéi thi ba sé it thi bién déi y thanh i réi them es: -carry __» carries -cry —» cries -hurry __» hurries - study —- _ studies Mot so dong ti co hinh thie nhu trén: beautify, certify, classify, deny, dignify, diversify, dry, fly, identify, personify, qualify, ratify, satisfy, try + Dong tir tan cing 1A nguyén Am (vowel) + y di sau ngoi thit ba s6 it thi khéng bién déi gi ca: ~ buy —+ _ buys -obey — +» obeys - play —> plays -annoy —+» annoys + Cach doc thém “s” hoac “es” sau dong tit: - /s/ sau nhiing dong tif co tan cing nhu: -p, -k, -f, -t nhu: drops, looks, puffs, wants, Na:f/ ... /iz/ sau nhang dong tif c6 tan cing nhu: - ch, -sh, -ss, -x, -ze, - age vi du: watches, washes, pushes, discusses, mixes, organizes, manages ... & laughs vi laugh duge phién 4 /al sau nhiing dong tit cé tan cung ngoai hai truéng hgp trén nhu: -b, -d, - g, - m, - I, -n, -r, - v, -y, ..., vi du: robs, adds, rings, fills, dreams, runs, remembers, moves, plays,...IL. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thi hién tai tiép dién) A. FORMATION IS/AM/ARE + VERB-ING a, The affirmative form Ex: I am lecturing in the hall. She is writing a letter. Tom and Daisy are learning Vietnamese. b, The negative form Ex: She is not watching television. They are not playing games. c, The interrogative form Ex: What are you doing now? Is Hong typing an English letter? B. USES Sau day la mét sé céch sit dung thi hién tai tiép dién: ~ Ding dé dién td mét hanh déng dang xdy ra vao lic noi. Exl: We are painting a portrait of our teacher. 2. Dung dé dién td du dinh trong tuong lai, mét su sdp xép «6 hv hoach. : Ex2: They are going to the cinema tonight. Ex3: They are going to Danang tomorrow. 3. Ding vdi cde déng ti chuyén déng nhu: go, move, come, arrive leave ..... Ex4: The train is leaving in five minutes. 4. Ding vdi cdc trang tt va cum trang tit nhu: now, at present, cat th moment, right now. Ex5: My teacher is lecturing in the hall at present. Ex6: What is she doing at the moment? 5. Dung dé dién td su viée lap di lap lai, thuéng di vdi nhitng tran tit nhu: always, constantly, continually, + forever, perpettuall: repeatedly. Ex7: Tom is always asking his mother for money.Ex!: They are continually learning English for their present, job. 6. Ding dé dién ta hai hanh dong xéy ra clung mét lic Ext: Mai and Binh are learning French while their friends are reading newspapers 7. Dung dé dién ta mot hanh dong vita xdy ra ngay tie thoi. Ex 0: Look! Two cocks are fighting. 8. Diirg dé mé ta nhiing khuynh huéng hién thoi (current trends). Ex 1: People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days. C. NOTES 1. Nhing déng tit tan cing 1a e, khi thém ING thi bd e. Ex: - write —_ writing - argue —» arguing - live — + _ living - fade —» fading 2. Nhing dong tif c6 tan cing — ee hoac ~ oe khéng theo qui luat nay, vi du: gree —> agreeing, canoe —» canoeing, disagree -» disagreeing... 3. Nhing dong tir co tan cing 1a phy am, truéc né 1a nguyén am (e, u, 0, a, i) thi phai gap déi phy Am dé lén, réi thém ING. Ex: - cut oS |. cutting, - hit — hitting - sit —_ sitting - rob —_ robbing - run _ running Nhing d6ng ttt cé hinh thie nhu trén: beg, fan, get, pin, tap, chat, sab, step, grab, rub, sob 4, Nhing dong tit c6 tan cing 1A y, truée dé la mot nguyén 4m hay phudm thi dé nguyén, chi théin ING. Ex: play — playing - say — saying - lay —> laying Nhing dong tir c6 hinh thie nhu trén: apply, annoy, study, tidy,...5, Nhiing dong tit hai van cé tan cing 1a mot phu 4m, trudc n6 1a mot nguyén 4m nhung dau nhén dat 6 am dau, thi khéng gap doi phu am dé, chi thém ING ma thdi. Ex: - listen —> listening -happen —* _ happening - enter oer entering - budget —»> budgeting > answer —> answering Mot sé dong c6 hinh thie nhu trén nhu: enter, differ, foster gather, major, offer, open, profit, tutor, whisper, 6. Nhiing dong tif c6 tan cing ie, thi bién déi thanh y, réi thém ING. Ex: - die —_ dying - lie — > lying - tie ——-, tying 7. Nhung dong tif c6 hai van tan cing la mot phy 4m, truée né la mo nguyén 4m nhung dau nhén 6 Am thi hai, thi phai gap doi phy an 46, réi thém ING. Ex: - prefer —+ preferring - begin ——» _ beginning - occur — > occurring - forget ——+» forgetting - upset —+» upsetting Nhiing dong tit c6 hinh thie nhu trén: admit, commit, infer permit, refer, transit,... 8. Tuy nhién, mét-sé truéng hop dong tir co tan cing la e, nhumg kh thém ING thi ta khong bé e. Ex: - age —+» ageing (lao hod) - dye —+» dyeing (nhugm) - singe —» _ singeing (chay xém) 9. Nhitng dong ti c6 tan cing 1a 1, truée né 1a mét nguyén dim th phai gap ddi 1 (Anh), khong gap doi (My). Ex: - travel —+» _ travelling (Anh)/ traveling (My) 10- control controlling (Anh)/ controling (My) —> - label ——-» labelling (Anh)/ labeling (My) - quarrel ——» — quarrelling (Anh) / quarreling (My) - signal ———» © signalling (Anh) / signaling (My) 10. Mot s6 dong tir co tan cing 1a mét 1 (Anh), hai I! (Mj). Do vay khi them ING hay ED cing theo qui luat nay, nghia la khong gap doi déi véi tiéng Anh cua nguéi Anh, nhung gap déi déi véi tiéng Anh cua ngudi My. - enrol — enroling (Anh)/ enrolling (My) ~ fulfil — fulfiling (Anh)/ fulfilling (My) 11. TH hién tai tiép dién khong di cing véi dong ti tri giac nhu: feel, heer, see, smell, notice, observe, look, taste,... Tuy nhién, mdt vai trusng hop dung dé nhan manh Ex: How are you feeling now? She is looking tired 12. Th hién tai tiép dién khéng dung véi nhiing dong chi sy tinh can va cam xe nhu: admire (nguéng mé, tén trong), adore (yéu thich), appreciate (danh gia), detest (ghét cay ghét dang), desire (ao uGc), dislike (ghét, khong thich), fear (sg), hate (ghét), loathe (tho), love (yéu), mind (quan tam, ban tam), respect (tén trong), valve (danh gid), want (muén), wish (uée muén) .... 13. TH hién tai tiép dién khong dung véi nhiing dong tit chi sy hoat dorg tinh than nhu: agree (déng ¥), appreciate (danh gid cao, hiéu), assime (gia dinh), believe (tin tuéng), think (nghi), know (biét), forget (quén), remember (nh@), perceive (nhan thtic, ¥ thie)... If. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (Thi hién tai hoan thanh) A. FORMATION : HAVE/ HAS _+__VERB (Past Participle) 1, we, ‘ou, they, Mary and Tom ..: have + verb (pp) He, she, it, Mary, my teacher. : has + verb (pp)Qua khtr phan tir (Past Participle) gém hai hinh thite: dong tit e6 qui t&e (verb -ed), va déng tir bat qui tdc (irregular verb) nhu: go, teach, write... a, The affirmative form Ex: - I have worked for this company. - My fathur has taught Literature in his school for twenty years. - Miss Betty White and her family have lived in New York since 1990. b, The negative form Ex: - Nam has not written the letter yet. shed their work. c, The interrogative form Ex: - Has he ever been to Australia? - They have not - How long have you lived in Quang Ngai? - Have Miss White and her parents spent their holidays im any foreign country yet? B. USES Sau day la mdt sé cach sit dung cua thi hién tai hoan thamh: 1. Dung dé dién ta mét hanh déng xdy ra trong qua khit va vdin cor tiép tuc & hién tai hode tuong lai. Ex1: They have lived in Hanoi for 10 years. 2. Dung dé dién ta mét hanh déng da xay ra ma khéng biét ro tho gian. Ex2: I have read the instructions but I don’t understand them. Ex3: He has had dinner. ' 3. Ding dé dién td mét hanh déng xdy ra trong thi gian khéing » nhu: this morning, this afternoon, this year, today. Ex4: It has been cold this winter. Ex5: I have seen him today. 4. Dung dé dién td mét kinh nghiém da qua léu réi. Ex6: I have been to London several times.5. Dang dé dién ta mét hanh dong sdp hoan thanh trong tuong lai, thuéng ding véi when, if, as soon as. Ex7: I will go out with you when I have finished my homework. 6. Ding vdi since (méc thdi gian) va for (khodng théi gian). Ex8: My mother has taught French for 20 years. Ex9: My father has worked in this factory since 1989. N Dung véi just dé dién té mét hanh d6ng vita moi xy ra. Ex10: I have just bought an English dictionary. 8. Ding véi nhitng trang tit va cum trang tit nhu: ever, never, already, recently (vita moi day), lately (gan day), so far (ti truéc dén nay), so far this morning/ afternoon] evening (mdi dén séng nay/ chiéu nay/ téi nay), up to now (cho dén bdy gid), up till now (mai dén bdy gid), up to the present (cho dén gid nay), before now (tit trudc dén gid)... Ex11: Never in my life have I met a more beautiful and lovely girl than Miss Thuy. Ex12: They have planted trees in the garden so far this morning. Ex13: He has not appeared on television before now. 9. Dung vdi Not....... Yet. Ex14: I have not done my assignment yet. 10. Dang véi a long time = for ages (lau ldm réi) Ex15: I have not seen my darling for ages. 11. Dung vi it is the first time (day la lan déu tién), it is the second time (déy la lan thit hai). Ex16: It is the first time that Mr John has been to QuangNgai. 12°Thudng ding trong thu tit, buu thidp. Ex17: I am very sorry for not having written to you for a long time. Ex18: We have just arrived in Hanoi, and though we have not had time to see much yet, we are sure we are going to enjoy ourselves.13. Ding trong céc bao céo du bao, bao cdo tin tic Ex19: It is said by specialists that the price of oil has risen by $ 10 a barrel. Industrial leaders have complained that the high price of oi! makes production expensive for industry. 14. Ding véi cdu truce cau. It’s + period + since + past or present perfect tense. Ex20: It’s three years since I saw Tom. or It's three years since I have seen Tom. IV. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thi hién tai hoan thanh tiép dién) A. FORMATION HAVE/ HAS + BEEN + VERB-ING a, The affirmative form Ex: She has been learning English for five years. ng in Quang Ngai for twenty years now. They have been } b, The negative form Ex: The children have not been crying for three days. She has not been working in this office since she was ill. c, The interrogative form Ex: How long have they been living in Quang Ngai? Has he been learning French since he moved to this new town? B. USES : Sau day 1a .mOt sé cach sit dung thi hién tai hoan thanhn tié dién: 1. Dung dé dién td mét hanh déng xdy ra trong qué khit vdm cor tiép tuc dién bién & hién tai. Ex1: I have been learning French for six years now. 2. Mét hanh déng xdy ra 6 hién tai hoan thanh kéo dai lién ttiép « hign tai. Ex2: He has been writing his thesis proposal since dinner.3. Dung voi nhing dong tit nhu: expect, hope, learn, live, look for, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, work .... dé dién ta hanh déng héo dai lién tue. Ex3: How long have you been working for this company? Ex4: I have been waiting for my girlfriend for two hours now. 4. Ding dé nhdn manh mét hanh déng xdy ra lien tuc trong mét khodng thoi gian thuéng di vdi now, all day, all week. Ex5: She is tired. She has been typing letters all day 5. Ding dé mé td mét hanh dong thuong xuyén lap lai. Ex6: Nam has been phoning her girlfriend every night for the past week. 6. Dung dé dua ra két ludn dua trén ching cé truc tiép hay gidn tiép. Ex7: Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 7. Mét sé dong tw nhu: learn, live, rain, sit, sleep, stand, study, wait, work biéu thi tinh lién tuc va thuong xdy ra vdi hién tai tiép dién hodan thanh ding véi SINCE va FOR. Ex8: My father has been working for Bao Viet insurance company for ten years. Ex9: It has been raining since the beginning of this month. Exercise 1: Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense: the simple present, the present continuous, the present perfect or the present perfect continuous. 1. He (not go) to work on Saturday. He usually (go) to work from Monday to Saturday. 2. What time Nam often (watch) television? He often (watch) it at 7 p.m.3. Miss White (not learn) Chinese for three months. Now, she -eally (want) to study it. 4, Where he (go) now? He (go) to the zoo with his father. 5. What children (do) while their parents are planting trees in th: garden? Oh, well! They (play) games with their friends. 6. Lan’s faher (work) for the chemical factory for three years now. 7. How long your sister (teach) Chinese in her university? Well, sh (teach) there since last February. 8. She usually (watch) television in her free time. Now, she doesn’ She (wash) her clothes. 9. He (study) Russian for two years and does not even know th alphabet yet. 10. We (argue) about this problem for two hours now. Perhaps we st« now.LL. He (not stop) smoking since he arrived. 12. He (sleep) since ten o'clock. It’s time he woke up. 13. You (mind) if I ask you a difficult question? No, I (be) ready to ansver your questions. 14. We (hope) for a rise in salary for many months but we (not dare) to ask for it yet. 15. 1 orly (hear) from him twice since he went away. 16. I (pach) hundreds of students but I never (meet) such a hopeless class like this. 17. He ‘speak) to his girlfriend for an hour now. I expect he will soon be fnishing. 18. The plane that you (look) at now just (take) off for Paris. (19. Loox at the crowd. I (wonder) what they (look) for .20. What she (do) to her car at present? I (think) she (polish) it 21. How long they (be) married? They (be) married since 1990. 22. You (undersand) what the professor (say) now? No, | (nc understand) him at all 23. Jim never (do) any work in the garden; he always (do) on his car. 24. I (bathe). That’s why my hair is all wet. 25. What your brother (do) in his free time? Well, he usually (g swimming with his friends. 26. It (rain) for three hours and the ground is too wet to play on, : the match (be) postponed. 27. Who (own) this umbrella? I (not know). Everybody (use) it b nobody (know) who (own) it.8. What she (have) for diriner? She usually (eat) soup, fish and (drink) a glass of beer. 10. She won't go out now as it (rain) and she (not have) an umbrella. 11. My wife (not stop) talking once since we got married. 32. I (be) an admirer of the United States. since I was a boy. 33. Whire she (go) on holiday now? Well, she (stay) at home and (do) alo of things for her family. 34. Mary and Tom (learn) Vietnamese for three months now. 35. Miss Margarette (go) shopping every Saturday but today she (go) to tie market to buy some clothes for her mother. 36. This afternoon Nancy (type) a letter, but now she (watch) a horror move 1937. Every day, my father (wash) his car, then (go) to work at7 a. and (arrive) home from work at 5.30 p.m. 38. Mr Hung (not get up) early this morning because he (be) tired la night. 39. Where they (go) now? Well, I don’t know. It seems that th (arrive) on the beach to enjoy the cool wind from the sea. 40. How often she (do) her physical exercises? Well, she (do) it eve morning. 4 . Mrs Linda Martin (spend) a lot of time collecting many stamps far. 42. Who (teach) him biology? Well, Mrs Hong is. She (teach) him one year. 43. She (do) her English exercises while her sister (translate) 1 documents into French.‘4. Her sister (watch) the film for two hours but she does not want to stop it 5. They (plant) trees in the garden while their friend’ (dig) the ground \6. The writers (finish) their first works since the publishers invited them to collaborate. (7. What time your brother (go) to bed? He usually (go) to bed at 10 p.m but tonight he (go) at 11 p.m. © '8. How long your mother (sew) her warm clothes? Maybe for four months \9. My teacher (compose) many English songs for several years, and now he be) abroad. 50. Lan and I (try) to finish our search paper right now because we (write) it for two years. 21V. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE (Thi qua khit dd thuéng) A. FORMATION a, The affirmative form Ex1: She listened to the radio last night. Ex2: They lived in Hanoi ten years ago. Ex3: I wrote the letter to my girlfriend. b, The negative form Ching ta mugn trg déng tif “To do” bién thanh “Did”, rii thé NOT sau “Did”, déng tir 6 nguyén mau. Ex1: She did not (didn’t) go to the cinema yesterday. Ex2: Lan did not work for that company long ago. c, The interrogative form Gidng nhu thé pha dinh, ching ta mugn trg dong tif “To « bién thanh “Did”, dat “Did” 6 dau cau, dong tit 6 nguyén miu, c cau cé dau cham hdi. Ex1: Did she watch television last night? Ex2: What did she do yesterday morning? B. USES - Sau day 1a mét sé cach sit dung thi qué khir don: 1. Dang dé dién té m6t hanh déng xdy ra trong qua khuit. Ex1: He went to France to study French in 2002. 2. Dang voi always dé dién ta su lap di lap lai hay thoi quen tr - qué khit. Ex2: Peter always got up late. Ex3: Hoa‘usually went to the theatre with her mother. 3. Dang véi cau diéu kign loai II. Ex4: Lan would pass her exam if she worked hard. Ex5: What would she do if she won a lot of money? 4. Ding véi cdc trang tit va cum trang tit nhu: yesterday, ago, | before, first, then, later, finally, last week / month/ year/ Monda, Ex6: I last met Tom when he gave me his new address. 22Ex7: Miss Bettty White gave us many difficult exercises last week. 5. Ding vdi loi ndi gidn tiép. Ex8: My teacher said: “I want to buy a new house in Danang city” —+ My teacher said that he wanted to buy a new house in Danang city. 6. Ding voi SINCE va FOR khi dién ta su viée 6 qua khit. Ex9: I lived in Hue city since my father moved there. Ex10: We stayed in Nha Trang for ten days when we were on holiday there. 7. Dung voi nhitng loi noi yéu cdu lich su. Ex11: I wondered if you could give me a lift. 8. Ding vdi cdu tric: It is + period + past or past perfect tense. Ex12: It is four years since I met my old teacher. 9. Ding vdi vdi cdu héi tiép theo sau khi cau héi va céu tra lei 6 thi hién tai hoan thanh. : Ex13: - Have you ever been to China? - Yes, I have. = Did you like it? 10. Dung voi “used to” dé dién ta théi quen trong qua khui. Ex14: As a child, Jack used to go swimming with his friends. Ex15: They used to love to listen to music when they were students. C. NOTES 1. Dong tit 6 thi qué khur don 6 hai dang: cé qui tac (Verb —ed), va bat qui tac (ding cét thu hai cla bang chia déng tit bat qui tac) nhu: go, do, write, teach... Ex: work —+» worked start -_— started teach _—_ taught write —_—_ wrote 232. Dong tif tan cing e, thi chi thém d ma thdi. Ex: live —> lived love — loved move _ moved decide — decided 3. Déng tit tan cing y, truéc né 1a nguyén 4m thi dé nguyén y v thém ed. Ex: stay —+ stayed play — played obey _—_ obeyed. 4. Déng ti tan cing y, trudc né la mét phy Am, thi phai bién déi thanh i va thém ed. Ex: — carry —_ carried study — studied hurry _ hurried Nhiing d6ng tir cé hinh thic nhu trén: apply, beautify, classif. certify, dignify, diversify, ratify, qualify, satisfy, try .... 5. Dong tit mét van tan cing 1a phu 4m, truéc né la mét nguyén ar thi gdp déi phu 4m dé lén. Ex: drop —+ dropped stop —> stopped beg ——-: begged nhu trén: chat, fan, grab, pin, ri rob, rub, scan, shop, sob, stab, step, tap... 6. Dong tix hai van du nhén dat 6 van thit hai, tan cing 1A phy a (trit h, w, x), truéc né 1a nguyén 4m, thi gap déi phy 4m do lén. Nhing dang tit 06 Ex: refer ay, referred worship —+» worshipped prefer Smal preferred occur — occurred Nhing dong ti cé hinh thie nhu trén: admit, commit, inf label, permit, quarrel, transit... . 247. Dong tit c6 hai van tan cing 1a phy 4m, trudc no la nguyén am nhung dau nhan 6 van thi nhat, thi khéng gap doi phu 4m dé Ex: listen — listened answer _—_ answered happen —» happened gather —> gathered Nhiing déng tit cé hinh thtc nhu trén: enter, foster, major, master, murder, offer, open, tutor, whisper VI. THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thi qua khif tiép dién) A. FORMATION WERE/ WAS + VERB_ING - Lhe, she, it, Peter: was - We, you, they, Peter and Mary: were Ex: He was learning Chinese. Ex: They were watching the film. a, The affirmative form Ex: She wes practising the piano. b, The negative form Ex: Nam aad Hong were not playing chess. ¢, The interrogative form Ex: Was Miss Lien writing a letter? Ex: Were you talking to your friends as I saw you? B. USES Sau day 14 mét sé cach stt dung thi qua khi tiép dién: 1. Dung dé dién td’ mé6t hanh déng xdy ra trong qué khut c6 thei gian di kem. Ex1: Mai was learning English at 8 o’clock last night. 252. Dang dé dién ta su viée dang xdy ra 6 mét thdi diém qué khit. Ex2: He was living abroad in 2005, so he missed the genere election. 3. Dung dé didn td mét hanh déng trong qua khit ma ching ta khon biét da két thc chua. Ex3: She was working on her essay last night. 4. Dang dé nhén manh tinh lién tuc vdi cde cum trang tit nhu: a night, all yesterday, all the afternoon. Ex4: It was raining all night/ all yesterday/ all the afternoon a . Ding dé dién té m6t hanh déng dang xdy ra trong qua khit thi c mét hanh dong khac chen vao. Ex5: She was writing a report when her director telephoned her 6. Dung vdi “while” dé din té hai hanh dong xdy ra cing mot l trong qué khit Ex6: While she was cleaning the floor, her husband was polishir his car. 7. Diing véi cae lién tit nhu: as, when, just as. Ex7: As I was crossing the street, | saw a snake. Ex8: Just as I was leaving the house, the telephone rang. 8. Dung dé dién ta mét hanh dong hay su vie lap di lap lai. Ex9: When she worked here, Mary was always making mistakes 9. Dung véi lai noi gidn tiép. Ex10: She said: “I am doing my homework.” ——+ She said that she was doing her homework. Exercise 2: Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense: ti simple present, the present continuous, the simple past, the po continuous, the present perfect or the present perfect continuous 1. What Binh (do) when the telephone (ring)? 262. Who (teach) you English last year? Mrs Hong did. She (teach) us for three years now. y o . What time does Hoa usually get up? Well, she usually (get up) at 6 o'clock but today she (get up) at 7 o'clock. a Binh and Tom (make) friends with each other since last April. 7. Your sister (go) swimming at weekends? Yes, of course. She (love) it for many years. 8. How long he (be) in his university? He (teach) Russian for five years now. 9. We (not write) to each other for ages because our work always (keep) us very busy. 2710. The children were frightened because it (get) dark. 11. Who you (talk) to on the phone as I came in? yee? 12. Two men (fight) at a street corner and a policeman (try) to sto} them. 13. How long he (be) out of work? He is not out of work now. He jus (start) a new job. 14. You (meet) your teacher at the lecture yesterday? No, I didn’t. (not meet) him for many weeks. ed 15. I (not see) your aunt recently because I (be) on business in Hanc last month. 16. How long you (know) your new assistant? I (know) him for thre years. 17. She (work) for her company for ten years and never once (be) late 2818. He just (pick) pounds of strawberries! He (grow) strawberries for many years but he never (have) such a good crop before. L9. I (buy) a new car last year, but I (not sell) my old car yet. 20. She (not write) to me for a long time. Yesterday, I (write) to her again. 22. She can not go out because it (rain) all day. Now, she (stay) at home to watch television. 24. They (play) football since 6 o’clock this morning. They only just (stop). 25. When you (begin) school? I (begin) school when I (be) seven. 26. It is the first.time Mary (offer) me a beautiful present on my birthday, which (make) me very happy. 2927. My father (play) chess with his next door neighbour ever since m family (come) to live here five years ago. 28. You ever (be) to England? No, I (spend) last April and May i France. 29. I (write) to the edition board two weeks ago but they (not answe1 yet. 30. Linda (make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (make) a her own clothes for the last two years 31. You (do) your homework when the bell (ring)? 32. Mr Cuong (practise) the guitar for an hour but he does not want t stop it. 33. Miss Linh (not do) her Maths last night because she felt ver depresses. 34. We finally (decide) to choose the best place to go on holiday. 30They (discuss) some important-issues when the director (enter) their room. 36. We know that she (live) in Hanoi for ten years now. 37. Who (offer) you a special gift on your last birthday? Oh! My aunt did 38. He rarely (say) about that problem but two days ago he (say) it to his classmates. 39. Miss Minh said she (write) some letters to her friends then. 10. What Binh (do) if he were punished by his teacher? t . Mrs Dorothy (stop) smoking fifteen years ago but yesterday she told me she (like) it again. 42. It is the first time they (organize) their wedding anniversary.43. How long the students (play) football? Well, for two hours. 44, We (make) friends for five years but we (not write) to each oth: up to now. 45. If she had a good chance, she (visit) the Cham museum and st (introduce) it to her friends. 46. They (build) this school since the villagers (move) to anoth place. 47. The students (not hand in) their research papers to me yet. 48. We (play) chess for a moment, suddenly the thief broke into t] house. 49. She (expect) a baby. Her husband will be very happy to see t first child. 50. What you (do) at 7 o'clock last night? We (prepare) a lot of thin for our final examinations. 32VII. THE PAST PERFECT TENSE (Thi qua khit hoan thanh) A. FORMATION HAD + VERB (pastparticiple) a, The affirmative form Ex1: I had earned a lot of money. Ex2: She had done a lot of homework. b, The negative form Ex1: I had not finished my homework before I went to class. Ex2: We had not been in Australia for many years before we moved to Brazil. c, The interrogative form Ex1: Had she gone to Australia? Ex2: Had they discovered the land? B. USES Sau day la mét sé cach sut dung thi qué khif hoan thanh: 1. Ding dé dién ta mét hanh déng xdy ra truéc mét hanh dong khac trong qua khit. Ex1: We had learnt English very well before we went to New York. 2. Dung véi cau diéu hién loai IH. Ex2: If he had had a lot of money, he would have bought that villa. 3. Diing vdi loi néi gidn tiép. Ex3: Mary told me: “I have been to Vietnam several times.” " _» Mary told me that she had been to Vietnam several times. 4. Ding vdi after, before. Ex4: After he had written the report, he sent it to the chief editor. Ex5: She had studied American cultures before she went to New York. 335, Ditng vdi When. Ex6: When I arrived, Mary had left. (before I got there) , 6. Ding vdi cdc lien tit nhu: no soooner ..... than, hardly/ scarely / barely. Ex7: Mr Baker had no sooner left the room than they began to gossip about him. Ex8: Miss Linda had hardly begun her speech when she was interrupted. VIII. THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thi qua kh hoan thanh tiép dién) A. FORMATION ie HAD + BEEN + VERBING a, The affirmative form Exl: She had been learning Chinese for many months before she went to Beijing. : b, The negative form Ex: They had not been living in Hanoi for several years before their friends moved to live there. c, The interrogative form Ex: Had he been writing an essay before the teacher came here? B. USES : Sau day la mét sé cach sit dung thi qué khi hon thanh tiép dién: 1. Dang dé dién té mét hanh déng kéo dai dén mét thai diém nao do trong qué khit va khi su viée thit hai xudt hién, suv vide thit nhdat vdn con tiép tuc xdy ra. Ex1: She had been practising music when I entered this room. 2. Dung dé dién ta mét hanh déng 6 thi qua khit hoan thanh duge lap lai. Ex2: He had been trying to get her on the phone. 343. Dung dé dién ta mét hanh déng xdy ra trong sudt mét thoi diém trong qua khu, réi sau dé xdy ra hanh déng khac do két qua cia hanh dong di truée. Ex3: She was tired. She had been typing the letters all day 4. Ding dé dién ta hanh déng lap di lap lai. Ex4: Hong was annoyed. Her boyfriend had been phoning her every night for a whole week. 5. Dang dé dua ra két ludn dua trén chitng cé truc tiép hay gidn tiép. Ex5: Her eyes were red. It was obvious that she had been crying. 4. Dang véi mét sé déng tit nhu: learn, live, rain, sit, sleep, stand, study, wait, work,... biéu thi tinh lién tuc vd thuéng xdy ra 6 thi qué khit hoan thanh tiép dién di kem véi Since va For. Ex6: When I first met Mr John, he had been working for that company for twelve years. Ex7: Nam had been living in Danang since his parents moved to Hue city. 5. Dung trong cu gidn tiép. Ex8: He said: “I have been learning French for ten years.” — He said that he had been learning French for ten years. Exercise 3: Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense: the simple present, the present continuous, the simple past, the past continuous, the present perfect, the present perfect continuous, the past perfect or the past perfect continuous. 1. What time you (go) to school yesterday? I (go) to school at 6.30 a.m. 2. She (have) dinner when her friend (call). 353. She would not buy that car if she (not have) much money. 6. Peter and Mary (make) friends for ages on the Internet. Two days ago, they (meet) in a café by the river. x . Her family (live) in Paris for four years before we moved to China. 8. The Smiths (be) in Hong Kong before they (be) on holiday in Singapore. 9. We (go) to Italy last month. I never (be) there before 10. I (meet) an old school friend last week. I (not see) her for years before. 11. When the minister (resign) in 1990, he (be) in office for eleven years. 12. Miss Hong (write) a report to her employer since 2 o’clock, but now she (not finish) it. : 3613. Students (listen) to the radio when their friends (come) to see them. 7 14. You (learn) Chinese cultures before you (go) to China? 15. His mother never (go) shopping, but yesterday she (do) it with her daughter 16. We (begin) learning French in 1998, and we (learn) it for eight years now. 17. What she (do) while her father was reading a newspaper? She (prepare) for her next exams. 18. If she (not do) it, her boyfriend would not have been angry with 19. Mary told me that she (buy) a new car the previous week. 20. Why they (leave) without saying any word to us when we arrived there? 21. If she (be) me, she would not say anything. 3722. They (be) in Hanoi several times? Yes, of course. Up to now, they (work) here for two months. : 23. What he (do) if he had won a lot of money from a lottery ticket "prize? 24. She (work) for this company for two weeks now. Yesterday she told me that she (want) to move to another place 25. How long he (teach) Maths in his school? He (teach) it since 1999. 26. Who (help) you present that scheme before we came here? 27. If he (have) a lot of money, he would have done for charity. 28. What time she (go) to bed when I telephoned her last night? 29. My aunt (be) married to a doctor for ten years. They (live) happily now. 30. What you (think) about if the problem had been carefully considered? 31. If he (pass) his English test, he would have received the scholarship from a well-known university. 3832. What they (think) if the weather had been fine yesterday? 33. The fire brigade told us that they (try) to put out the fire for many hours 36. Had she had a lot of money she (buy) a new villa? 37. She (study) Australian cultures for many years and now she (expect) to come back to Vietnam to serve the country. 38. Miss Betty Jane (experiment) that method for many years before but now she (not find) the best results yet. 39. She told me that she (meet) her old teachers five weeks before. 40. As we (walk) in the street, we (see) the young men marching in the square. : 41. What they (do) if they had seen a big tiger in the mountain? 3942. The employees (go) on strike when the director came back to office and he asked them to stop. 43. Mary’s mother advised her to go to bed early because she (work) very hard all yesterday. 44. She (not know) the truth unless you had not told her. .45. They had failed in the driving test. They (try) to do it better. 46. What they (do) tonight? They (watch) the most interesting film that (attract) millions of T.V viewers in the past two years. 47. Mrs Baker (not learn) Vietnamese before she (come) to Vietnam. 48. He (not go) to see that film because he already (see) it. 50. The car (invent) over 100 years ago since then millions (build). 40IX. THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE (Thi tuong lai don) A. FORMATION WILL/ SHALL _+ VERB a, The affirmative form - I, we: will/ shall - You, he , she it, they: will Ex1: He will go to Danang next Sunday. Ex2: Mary will go on holiday in Paris. b, The negative form - I, we: will +not = won't Shall + not = shan’t - You, he, she, it, they: will + not = won't Ex1: They will not drink wine in a short time. Ex2: Daisy will not learn Vietnamese next year. c, The interrogative form Ex1: Will she learn English tomorrow? Ex2: Will Peter go on holiday in Vietnam next year? B. USES Sau day la mét sé céch sit dung thi tuong lai don: 1. Dang dé dién ta mét hanh déng sdp xdy ra trong tuong lai. Ex1: He will go on busin»ss in Nha Trang next month. 2. Dung dé dién td mét ¥ kién, mét gid dink, mét phén dodn cia ngudi nao do noi vé tuong lai. Nhitng diéu nay thuéng duoc dung vdi nhing déng tit nhu: assume (gid dinh), be afraid (e rang, e sg), feel sure (cam thay chdc chdn), believe (tin tudng), daresay (dam néi), doubt (nghi ngd), expect (mong ché/ dgi), hope (hy vong), suppose (gid sit), think (nghi), wonder (thde mdc) ..... Ex2: Liverpool will win on Saturday. Ex3: I am sure he will come back and offer us a lot of presents. Ex4: She believes that her sister will study English well next year. 41x N 2 42 . Dung dé dién ta su hy vong, k} vong, mong ché vdi nhitng déng tu: hope, expect. Ex5: I hope that she will get the job she has applied for. Ex6: I expect that my girlfriend will come to see me Dung vdi cau diéu kién loai 1. Ex7: If he works hard, he will pass his examination. . Dung dé dién té nhitng hanh déng cé thoi quen trong tuong lai ma chung ta gid dinh sé xdy ra. Ex8: Birds will emigrate to other places. Ex9: Spring will come again Ding dé du bao thoi tiét, thong tin, du dinh trong tuong lai. Ex10: It will rain in some hours. Ex11: There will be a typhoon in some day. Ex12: The Prime Minister will declare the ground breaking ceremony of the university. Dung dé dién td mé6t quyét tam, mot loi hita, mét trach nhiém Ex13: I will marry my girlfriend. Ex14: Linh will show me how to make a cake. Dang shall trong cau héi dé chi su dé nghi, yeu céu, ménh lénh. Ex16: Shall we go out for a coffee? Ex17: Let’s go to the cinema, shan’t we? Dung véi cde trang tit nhu: perhaps (cd 12), possibly (cé thé), probably (chdc chdn rang), surely (chdc chan). Ex18: They will probably come to see us. Ex19: Ask him again. Perhaps he will change his mind.X. THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thi tuong lai tiép dién) A. FORMATION Ex: They will be living in Hue city by the time of next week. He will be picking his girlfriend up at the station at 3 pm tomorrow a, The affirmative form Ex: She will be working in Hanoi next month. They will be playing football by this time of tomorrow. b, The negative form Ex: Mrs Linda Martin will not be waiting for her friend. She will not be learning French at 9 a.m tomorrow. c, The interrogative form Ex: Where will he be going tomorrow? Will she be talking to her mother from America? B. USES Sau day 14 mét sé cach sit dung thi tuong lai tiép dién: 1. Dang dé dién ti mét hank déng xéy ra trong tuong lai cé thai gian di kém. Ex1: They will be watching television at 7 o’clock tomorrow evening. 2. Dang dé dién ta mét hanh d6ng trong tuong lai ma khong c6 ¥ dinh. Ex2: He will be helping his girlfriend tomorrow. Ex3: They will be coming to see their old teachers. 3. Dung dé dién ta su kéo dai cia mét su viée trong tuong lai cé théi gian xdc dinh cu thé. Ex4: These workers will be working for this company for the next five years. 4. Dung dé dién ta su hinh dung hay su tuéng tugng vé mét hanh d6ng/ su vige tuong lai da len ké hogch réi. Ex5: By this time next week, we will be lying on My Khe beach. 43XI. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE (Thi tugng lai hoan thanh) A. FORMATION WILL/ SHALL _+ HAVE + VERB (Past parti iple] Ex: They will have finished their assignments. a, The affirmative form Ex: My students will have finished their English assignments by the end of next April. b, The negative form Ex: They will not have finished building the bridge by this time of next year. c, The interrogative form Ex: Will she have completed her French course by the time of next December? B. USES Sau day 1a mt sé cach st dung thi tuong lai hoan thanh: 1, Ding dé dién ta mét hanh déng sé hoan thanh trong tuong lai cé thoi gian xdc dinh. Ex1: We will have finished our English course by the time of next month. Ex2: My teacher will have retired by the year 2015. 2. Ding dé dién ta mét hanh déng sdp hoan thanh tritic mot thoi diém hay su kién trong tuteng lai. Ex3: My students will have graduated from this college before we go on holiday. Ex4: At the end of the Spring, Mr and Mrs Brown will have been married for ten years. 3. Thuong diing vdi Not ..... till, until + time'va déng tit di kem dé chi su hoan tat nhu: build, complete, finish. Ex5: They will not have built this bridge until next year. 4Ex5: They will not have built this bridge until next year. 4. Thusng ding v6i nhiing dong tit nhu: believe, expect, hope, suppose .. Ex6: I expect you will have changed your mind tomorrow. XII. THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thi tung lai hoan thanh tiép dién/ Thi tuong lai kép lién tién) A. FORMATION WILL/ SHALL + HAVE BEEN + VERB-ING Ex: They will have been living in Quang Ngai. a, The affirmative form Ex: He will have been studying in his university for the next two years. She will have been working in her company for five years by the end of next year. b, The negative form Ex: She will not have been carrying out her thesis next month. Mr Hoang will of next week. not have been practising his piano by the end c, The interrogative form Ex: Will you have been presenting your thesis proposal by the time of next week? Will they have been Jearning Japanese by the time of next month? B. USES Sau day la mét sé cach str dung thi tuong lai hoan thanh tiép dién: 1. Dung dé dién ta mét hanh déng sé xdy ra va kéo dai dén mét thoi diém nao do trong tuong lai va hanh dong dy sé con tiép tuc. Exl: By next Autumn, he will have been studying English in America for three ye 452. Thuong duoc diing voi cde déng tit nhu: learn, work, rain, sit, live, wait, study, practise ...... dé dién té mét hanh déng sé hoan thanh truéc mét thai diém nao dé trong tuong lai. Ex2: By this time of next month, I shall have been teaching English for twelve years. XIII. THE NEAR FUTURE TENSE (Thi tuong lai gan) A. FORMATION IS/ AM/ ARE_ + GOINGTO + VERB Ex: We are going,to discuss this matter tomorrow. a, The affirmative form Ex: Mr Hung is going to go to Hanoi tomorrow. Miss Loan is going to send her presents to her friends in Australia. b, The negative form Ex: They are not going to do their physical exercises. c, The interrogative form Ex: Are you going to mail these letters to your friends? B. USES Sau day 1a mét so cach su dung thi tuong lai gan: 1. Dang dé dién ta mét du dinh, mét ké hoach trong tuong lai Ex1: I am going to get married. Ex2: He is going to travel around the world 2. Dung dé dién té mét su viéc ma ta nhin thdy hodc cam thay. Ex3: Look at the clouds! It is going to rain. 3. Ding GOING TO sau if. Ex4: If you are going to join us, we will wait for you 46cS Thi tuong lai don khdc voi thi tuong lai gan 6 ché thi tuong lai don dung cho du dodn (predict), con thi tuong lai gan ding cho du dinh, ké hoach Ex5: John and Mary are going to get married. (a plan) Ex6: I will help you look for the book. (a decision) Ex7: If you see a black cat, you will have good luck. (a prediction) XIV. SUBJUNCTIVE (BANG THAI CACH) S6 di chung tdi dé cap dén Subjunctive 1a muén gitp ngudi hoc aiéu thém vé cach str dung cia dong tu d Subjunctive - 1a dong tir 6 aguyén mau khéng “to”. Dong tir di sau ngéi thit ba sd it khong thém ‘s” hoac “es”. Dong tit “To Be” 6 hién tai bang thai cach la “be” cho “At cd cc ngoi va sé. Tat cd nhing dong tit khde déu cé chung hinh shite la git nguyén mau khong “to”. Bang thi cdéch 1a hinh thtc nguyén thé ca dong tit khi sir dung sau mt sé dong tit nhat dinh biéu thi mot ngudi nao dé muén agudi khac lam mét diéu gi. Tu “THAT” phai luén xuat hién 6 cdc cau ang thai cach. Bang thai cach cé ba hinh tht: hién tai bang thai 24ch, qua khit bang thai cach, qué khtf hoan thanh bang thai cach. l. Hién tai bang thai cach (present subjunctive) a, Hién tai bang thai cach duge dung trong cau cam than exclamations) dé dién ta udc muén hay hy vong. Ex: - Good bless you! (Thugng dé phu hé anh!) - Good save the Queen! (Xin Thugng dé ban phuée lanh cho nit Hoang!) », Hign tai bang thai cach di vdi dong tit. Bang thdi cach di véi mét sé dong tit nhu: advise, ask, ‘ommand, decree, demand, insist, move, -order, prefer, propose, ‘ecommend, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge. Subject + verb (any tense) + that + subject + verb (simple form) Ex1: The doctor suggested that the patient stay longer in hospital. 47Ex2: We propsed that our English teacher take a short holiday. Ex3: The college required that all students learn English before graduation. ce, Hién tai bang thai cach di véi cum tif chi su khach quan. Bang thai cach di véi m6t sé cum tit chi vé sy khach quan nhu: It has been proposed that, It is suggested that, It was recommendec that, It is required that, It has been advised that. Ex1: It has been proposed that he change his mind. Ex2: It was recommended that she have good behaviour toward: her husband. Ex3: It has been advised that Mary learn Vietnamese as soon as possible before she comes to Hanoi. d, Hién tai bang théi c4ch di véi tinh tw. Bang thai cach di véi m@t sé tinh tit nhu: important, necessary obligatory, urgent, imperative. It + be (any tense) + adjective + that + subject + verb (simple form) Ex1: It is necessary that he get married. Ex2: It has been important that each student speak two foreigr languages. Ex3: It was urgent that she call the police. 2. Qua khw bang thai cach (past subjunctive) a, Dung trong ménh dé cau diéu kién dé dién ta diéu kién khong c thuc 6 hién tai. Ex1: If he had a lot of money, he would buy that house. Ex2: If I were a billionaire, I would give money for charity. Note: Dong tit “To Be” 6 qua khtt bang thai cach 1a “were” cho tat cé cdc ngéi va sé. b, Qué khir bang thdi céch ding véi as though (nhu thé), as if ( nhu thé), if only (gid ma), wish (mong uéc), it is the time (dé1 luc, téi gid). Ex1: He talks as though he knew everything. 48Ex2: She orders me about as if I were her husband. Ex3: I wish I married her as soon as possible. Ex4: It is time children went to bed. 3. Qué kh hoan thanh bang thai cach (past perfect subjunctive) Qué Khir hoan thanh bang thi cach dugc ding trong ménh dé diéu kién dé dién ta diéu kién khong cé thuc é qué khu. Ex1: If he had studied English in this university, he would have become a good English teacher. Ex2: If only I had not met her before I taught her. Exercise 4: Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tenses. 1. Do not turn off the light. I (read) a novel now. He (borrow) it from his friend for two days. 2. He (leave) his house at seven a.m each day. Tomorrow, he (leave) at eight. 3. When she came, | (read) upstairs. 4. When I (meet) her two weeks ago, she told me that she just (return) from London. 5. My mother (rest) now. She always (rest) after lunch. 6. Next month, I (be) married for ten years. 497. I only (use) this pen once since the day I had it mended 8. He (see) Mary in a shop before he (come) to his office. 9. The film was marvelous. If you (come) with us, you (enjoy) it, too. 10. I am sure you (forget) me by the time I (be) back in five years. 11. The workers (work) for sugar corporation for ten years by the time of next month. 12. It is the first time that she (tell) her truth to me. 13. He (cook) when I entered the room. She said that she (cook) for many restaurants before. 14. How long he (teach) Spanish in this university now? Well, for three years. 15. They (spend) their holiday in Hanoi by this time next year. 16. What he often (do) in the afternoon? He (go) swimming with his friends. 17. It is urgent that everyone (learn) English for our world integration today because it (consider) to be an international language. 501€. They (finish) their English course by the time of next year. 19. When you next see me, I (wear) my new dress. 20. I never (see) anyone more punctual than your brother. 21. David (repair) the TV set at the moment. He (work) at it for one hour. 22. This time next month, I (sit) on a beach. 23. It is time we (go). If we (not leave) now, we (miss) the last train. 24. It was recommended that she (try) to persuade her father to stop smoking. 25. The city (not have) a lot of changes for the last few years. It is necessary that the local authority (implement) the urbanization construction. 26. The men said that they (look) for the lost child since 8 a.m, and they (not find) him yet. 27. He (leave) for London two years ago, and I (not see) him since. 51She (not go) to the movies with us last night. She felt very sorry 28. and now she wishes she (go). The detective (want) to know what (happen) before the shot (fire). The search group (leave) a week ago, but up to now no one (hear) from them. Tomorrow after dinner, John (go) to a movie. In the other words, 31. he (eat) dinner by the time he (go) to the movies. 32. By the end of this week, I (complete) my dissertation proposal. . While Tom (ride) his bicyle to school, his hat (blow) off. This is the second time you (break) a cup. You (break) one only yesterday. My mother just (go) to the supermarket. Sie (not come) home until 10 p.m. 35. While the two thieves (discuss), someone (steal) their car. 37. He (thank) me for what I (do) for him. 38. He (learn) English since 7 a.m. It is time he (stop) having a rest. o 5239. He suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong directions. 40. I (share) a flat with him when we were students. He always (complain) about my untidiness. 4 = . The boys (play) cards when they (hear) father’s step. 42. Ann said that she (be) on holiday. I (say) that I (hope) that she (enjoy) herself. 43. I (see) you yesterday from the bus. Why you (use) a stick? 44, When I first met him he, (study) painting. He told me that he (study) it since 2003 45. You (wear) your hair long when you were at school? 46. Her phone (ring) for ten minutes. I wonder why she does not answer it. 47. I (look) for mushrooms but I (not find) any. 48. It (rain) for two hours now and the ground is too wet to play on, so the match (be) postponed. 5349. I (polish) this table all this morning, but she is not sastisfied with it yet. 50. Mr Pitt has just phoned to say that he (not come) back till Monday night. PHAN II: BAI TAP THUC HANH (PRACTICE) PRACTICE I Choose the best correct tense of the verbs in parentheses for each sentence by circling the letter A, B, C or D. 3. I (be) __. a student of English at Danang College of Foreign Languages now. A.am B. was C. have been D. will be 2. She (be) ____ twenty years old on next birthday. A. is B. has been C, will be D. will have been 3. They (learn) __ English at the moment with their friends. A. are learning B. learnt C. have learnt D. had learnt 4. He (be) ____ on holiday in DaLat last year? A. Is he B. Was he C. Has he been D. Will he be 5. She is learning Maths while her sister (watch) television. A. is watching B. was watching C. will be watching D.has watched 6. What time she (go) to work every day? A. is she going B. did she go C. does she go D. was she going 547. His father usually (go) swimming in his free time. A. goes B. is going +C. was going D. has gone 8. Hong and Minh (discuss) how to protect the environment at present. A. discussed B. were discussing C. discuss D. are discu8sing 9. She (learn) ____ Chinese since her father was retired. A. learnt B. was learning C. had learnt D. has learnt 10. Mary Jane (come) ____ to see Vietnam if she had a chance . A. had come B. has come C. would come D.will come 11. I (give) an English dictionary by my teacher last week. A. am given C. have been given B. was given D. had been given 12. He (go) to Hanoi in two days? . A. Did he go B. Does he go C. Will he go D. Is he going 13. Where they (go) now? A. do they go B. will they go C. did they go D. are they going 14. He (go) to the cinema tonight? A. Is he going B. Was he going C. Will he go D. Has he gone 15. Mary (work) _____ as a travel writer for a magazine because she likes this job. A. works B. is working C. will work D. worked 16. It is necessary that he (learn) __ foreign languages. A. learns B. learn C. learnt D.will learn 5517. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 56 Miss White (go) abroad five or six times a year. A. is going B. went C. has gone D. goes Last year, our family (spend) ____ two weeks in Dalat. A. is spending B. spend C. spent D. has spent What she (do) in her free time? A. does she do B. has she done C. did she do D. is she doing Where is your brother? He (have) a bath. A. has B. had C. is having D. will have Children (watch) _____ television while their parents are having dinner? A. Do children watch B. Are children watching C. Did children watch D. Have children watched They (learn) ____ English next year because they have had their own plans. ~ A.willlearn | B. are going to learn C. will be learning D. have been learning He (finish) his homework yet? A. Has he finished B. Did he finish C. Was he finishing D. Will he finish They usually have lunch at 11 a.m but today they (have) it at 11.30 a.m. A. have B. are having C. have had D. will have What you (do) when I came to see you? A. did you do B. will you do C. have you done D, were you doing Nam (not see) his friends for ages. A. does not see B. will not see27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32 33. 34. 35. C. has not seen D. was not seen Who (teach) _____ you English last year? _ A: taught B. teaches C. has taught D. was teaching ‘They have not given him a book since they last (meet) __ him. A. will meet B. met C. has met D. had met lIt is the first time he (be) ____ to Australia. A- has been B. was C.is * D.had been II can not go out with my girlfriend because I (not finish) __ my work. A. do not finish B. didn’t finish C. won't finish D. haven’t finished Mary (not go) to school two weeks ago. A. doesn't go B. won't go C. didn’t go D.hasn’t gone Miss Betty White Young (learn) ___ Vietnamese before she went to Hanoi. A. learnt B. has learnt C. has been learning D. had learnt If he (be) __ a doctor, he would cure a lot of people. A. is B. was C. were D. will be Miss Lien (write) a letter to her teacher in two weeks. A. writes B. is writing C. wrate D. will write When I came back from Hanoi in 2000, after seven years, Danang (change) a lot. A. changed B. had changed C. has changed D. would change 5736. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 58 He (consider) the applicants at the moment? A. Does he consider B. Is he considering C. Is he considerring D. Did he consider ° Mount Everest (believe) _____ to be the highest mountain in the world. : A. believed B. is believed C. was believed D. has believed Recently we (find) _____ the best way to protect the environment. A. are finding B. will find C. found D. have found I (read) when I was five. A. was reading B. read C. is reading D. could read. He realized that she (practise) _____ the guitar in the hall. A. practised B. is practising C. was practicing D. practises Did you enjoy the party last night? Yes, but I wish I (not have) . A. hadn't B. didn’t have C. hadn't had + D. wouldn’t have He did not go swimming, but he to go. A. plans B. planed C. has planned D. is planning What you (do) ____ if you found a burglar in your house? A. do you do B. did you do C. would you do D. were you doing He suddenly realized that she (travel) in the wrong direction. A. travels B. is travelling C. travelled D. was travelling Science (transform) human life in the last 300 years. A. transfomed B. transforms C. was transformed D.has transformed46. 47. 48. 49. 50 51. 52. 53. 55. I can not join you until I (write) ____ this letter. A. write B. am writing ae have written D. wrote She (make) a cake wheri the light went out. A. made B. was making C. has made D. had made It. would have never been better if you (wait) __. A. waited B. waiting C. has waited D. had waited It (rain) here since April. A. rains * Bis raining C. rained D. has rained As I (run) to the station, I met an old friend of mine. A. was running B. am running C. ran D. has run Before I came here, I (learn) ___ Russian. A. learn B. learnt C. has learnt D. had learnt This time tomorrow, we (learn) English again. A. learn B. are learning C. will learn D. will be learning When my teacher leaves school next month, he (teach) _____ our classes for two years. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. will have taught . If 1 (know) _____ the truth, I would have told you all of it. A. knew B. have known C. had known D. would know He (have) a bath when the telephone rang. A. had B. was having C. has had D. had had 5956. 57. 58. 59. 60. 6 2 62. 63. 64. Don’t talk to me! Can’t you see that I (work) 2 A. work B. am working C. will work D. will be working Before Mr Black died in 1990, he (construct) and buildings. many bridges A. had constructed B. constructed C. was constructing D. has constructed He never (see) his director during the Tet holidays. A. is never seeing B. has never seen C. never saw D. will never see Today our people (live) in peace and harmony. A. are living B. live C. have lived D. will live Every year at Tet time, we (visit) ____ our relatives and friends. A. visit B. are visiting C. have visited D. will visit . Daisy (offer) ____ a beautiful skirt on her next birthday. A. will offer B. will be offering C. will be offered D. has offered I should not have eaten it if I (know) _____ that there has ginger in it. A. know B. knew C. has known D. had known Hg (not write) _____ to you unless you write to him. A. won't write B. doesn’t write C. didn’t write D. hasn't written He did not allow us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind (blow) . A. blew B. was blowing C. has blown D. had blown He (write) ___ the letter. He is going to post it. A. writes B. is writing66. 67. 68 69. 70. 71. 73. 74. C. has written D. wrote He always (rest) ___after lunch? >A. Does he always rest B. Is he always resting C. Did he always rest D. Has he always rested Next month, I (be) ___ married for ten years. A. am B. will be C. have been D. will have been I am sure you (forget) ____ me by the time I am back in five years. A. forget B. will forget C. have forgotten D. will have forgotten Mr Ba is repairing the TV at the moment. He (work) at it for one hour. A. has been working B. has worked C. worked D. will work This building (finish) by the end of the year. A. will have been finished B. will be finished C. have finished D. would be finished Quang Ngai (have) a lot of changes for the last few years. A. has B. had C. has had D. had had . My brother wes doing his homework at 3 p.m yesterday, then (play) football. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played The men said that they (look) for the lost child since 9 a.m and they had not found him yet. A. looked B. has looked C. has been looking D. had been looking Someone suggested that he (go) out for a walk. A. go B. went C. should go D. was going 6175. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. + 62 We (be) ___ in the Quang Ngai Supermarket for ages. A. are B. were C. have been D. will be - What he (do) ____ when he grows up? A.-does he do B. will he do C. has he done D. did he do Where you (be) all this evening? It’s nearly midnight now. A. have you been B. are you C. were you D. will you be Nam told me that he (give up) ___ smoking long ago. A. gives up B. gave up C. has given up D. had given up After I (have) ____ some sandwiches, I had a drink. A. had B. will have C. had had D. would have Where is she? She (practise) ___ her music in her own room. A. practises B. is practising C. practised D. has practised Hurry up! The train (come) in five minutes. A. comes B. will come C. is coming D. has come This is the third time you (be) ___ here. What exactly have you come for now? A. are B. were C. have been D. will have been She (sleep) since 8 o'clock. It is time she woke up. A. has been sleeping B. has slept C. slept D. had slept This time next week I (sit)____ on a beach with my girlfriend. A. will sit B. will be sitting C. is sitting D. is going to sit85. What you (do) at seven tomorrow morning? A. are youdoing B. will you do C. will you be doing D. have you done 86. These schools (build) ______ in remote and mountainous areas at present A. are built B. are being built C. have been built D. will be built 87. You (understand) ___ this matter when you are older. A. will understand B. will have understood C. will be understanding D. will have been understanding 88. I (wait) ___ here till he comes back. A. am waiting B. will wait C. will be waiting D.will have waited 89. By this time next year, I (teach) ____ in this college for ten years. A. has taught B. have been teaching C. will teach D. will have taught 90. When she (return) ___, I will give her the umbrella. A. returns B. is returning C. returned D. will return 91. We will have to stay here till the tide (go) ____ out. A. goes B. went C. will*go D. has gone 92. By the end of the term, his MA course (finish) ___. A. will finish B. will be finished C. will have been finished D. will have finished 93. We would better go out tomorrow because Lan (practise) guitar all day. the A. is practising B. has practised C. has been practising D. will be practising 6394. It was high time children (go) to bed. A. go B. went C. were going D. had gone 95. Look! The thief (break) into the house. A. breaks B. broke C. was breaking D. is breaking 96. She (type) ____ the letter while her assistant is talking to customers. A. is typing B. typed C. has typed D. has been typing 97. Binh and Hong (live) in Quang Ngai for 15 years up to now. A. are living B. have lived C. have been living D. had been living 98. How often she (go) shopping? Three times a month. A. will she go B. does she go C. did she go D. is she going 99. When he (bear) ____? He was born in 1982. A. he bears B. does he bear C. was he born D. has he born 100. If I (be) ____ Prime Miniser, I would come to see that poor village. A.am B. were C. have been D. had been 101. I am very sorry for not (write) ____ to her for ages. A. writing B. having written C. been written D. not to write 102. It is the fourth time the Smiths (visit) ____ Hanoi. A. visit B. are visiting C. visited D. have visited 103. We (not see) her for the last three years. A. have not seen B. have not been seeing C. did not see D. had not seen104, They always (complain) about our services when they were on holiday in the island. A. complain B. complained C. have complained D. were complaining 105. What you (write) ___ when the telephone rings? A. do you write B. are you writing B. will you write C. are you going to write 106. She told me that she (teach) ___ Physics at that college since 1978. A. taught B. was teaching C. has taught D. had taught 107. Miss White (not go) out unless she finishes her homework. A. does not go B. did not go C. will not go D. has not gone 108. By the time next Monday I (teach). English for ten years. A. am teaching B. have been teaching C. will have taught D. will have been teaching 109. He (not tell) you about that truth if you had not taken his advice. A. did not tell B. will not tell | C. would not tell D. would not have told 110. Mrs Brown (die) in her old house when the police arrived to investigate the incident. A. died B. had died C. has died D. had been dying 111. It has been raining but it (stop}__ now. A. has stopped B. has been stopping C. stopped D. is stopping 112. The man (catch) any fish yet? A. Has the man caught B. Does the man catch C. Is the man catching D. Was the man catching 65