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Report Writing

A research report communicates research findings and recommendations to a specific audience. There are three main types of reports: technical reports, popular reports, and oral presentations. Technical reports emphasize methods, assumptions, findings, and data. Popular reports focus on simplicity, practical implications, and policy recommendations. Oral presentations can be effective for communicating policy implications. Research reports generally include elements like a title page, letter of authorization, table of contents, executive summary, problem definition, research design, data analysis, results, conclusions and recommendations, bibliography, and appendices. The research report and presentation are important because they communicate findings to decision makers and evaluate the quality of the research project.

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Abrar Alam Chowdhury
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89 views

Report Writing

A research report communicates research findings and recommendations to a specific audience. There are three main types of reports: technical reports, popular reports, and oral presentations. Technical reports emphasize methods, assumptions, findings, and data. Popular reports focus on simplicity, practical implications, and policy recommendations. Oral presentations can be effective for communicating policy implications. Research reports generally include elements like a title page, letter of authorization, table of contents, executive summary, problem definition, research design, data analysis, results, conclusions and recommendations, bibliography, and appendices. The research report and presentation are important because they communicate findings to decision makers and evaluate the quality of the research project.

Uploaded by

Abrar Alam Chowdhury
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr. Md.

Musa Khan
Associate Professor
DBA, IIUC
[email protected]

Reports Writing
Research Report
A research report is an oral presentation or a written statement of v research findings and
recommendations to a specific audience. It is considered a major component of research study.
Research task remains incomplete till the report is presented or written.

Types of Report
Research reports vary greatly to length and type. The results of a research investigation can be
presented in a number of ways:
1. Technical Report
2. Popular Report
3. Oral presentation

Technical Report
In the technical report the main emphasis is on-
(i) Methods employed
(ii) Assumptions made in the course of the study
(iii) A detailed presentation of the findings including the limitations and supporting data
A great outline of technical report is –
(i) Summary and results
(ii) Nature of the study
(iii) Method employed
(iv) Data
(v) Analysis of data and presentation of findings
(vi) Conclusion
(vii) Bibliography.

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Popular Report
A popular report is one which gives emphasis on simplicity and attractiveness. The
simplification should be sought through clear writing, minimization of technical details and
liberal use of charts and diagrams. In such a report, emphasis is given on practical aspects and
policy implications. The outlines of this report are –
(i) The findings and their implications
(ii) Recommendation for action
(iii) Objective of the study
(iv) Method employed
(v) Results
(vi) Technical appendices.

Oral Presentation
All times, oral presentation of the results of the study is considered as effective, particularly in
cases where the findings indicated the policy implications. The merit of this approach lies in the
fact that it provides give and take decision that lead to better understanding of the findings and
their implications.

Distinguish between technical and popular report


Technical report used whenever a full written report is required for record keeping on public
distribution. On the other hand, popular report is used if research results are policy implication.
Different Steps in Writing Reports/ Formats of Research Report/ Layout of the research
report
Most Research reports include the following elements
1. Title Page: The cover and title page of report contains the following information:
(i) Title of the subject
(ii) Presentation to whom
(iii) On what date
(iv) For what purpose
(v) Written by whom
2. Letter of Authorization: A letter of authorization is written by the client to the
researcher before work on the project begins. It authorizes the researcher to proceed with
the project and specifies its scope and the terms of the contracts.

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3. Table of Contents: The table of contents should list the topics covered and the
appropriate page numbers. The table of contents is followed by a list of tables, list of
graphs and list of appendices.
4. Executive Summary: The executive summary is on extremely important part of the
report, because this is often the only position of the report that executives read. The
summary should concisely describe the problem, approach and research design that was
adopted.
5. Problem definition: This section of the report gives the background to the problem,
highlights the discussions with the decision makers and industry experts and discusses the
secondary data analysis and the factors that were considered.
6. Research design: This section of research design should specify the details of how the
research was conducted. This should include the nature of the research design adopted,
information needed, data collection from secondary and primary sources, scaling
techniques, questionnaire development and pre-testing, sampling techniques and field
work.
7. Data Analysis: This section should describe the plan of data analysis and justify the data
analysis strategy and techniques used. The techniques used for analysis should be
described in simple and non-technical terms.
8. Results: This section is normally the longest part of the report and may comprise several
chapters. The results should be organized in a coherent and logical way. The detail results
should be presented in table graphs, with the main findings discussed in the text.
9. Conclusion and recommendations: The researcher should interpret the results in light
of the problem being addressed to arrive at major conclusions. Based on the results and
conclusions, the researcher may make recommendations to the decision makers.
10. Bibliography: The references of books and articles studied should be mentioned in
appropriate ways.
Example of Bibliography
Kothari, C. R., Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, India, 1983.
Bailey, K.D., Methods of Social Research, New York, 1975.
Islam, M., An introduction to research methods, Dhaka, 2008.

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11. Appendices: Appendices to given for all technical matters relating to questionnaire,
mathematical derivation of particular technique of analysis and the like ones.

Significance or Importance of Research report and Presentation


Research report is considered as major component of research study. The report serves as a
historical record of the research. The task research remains incomplete till the report has been
presented. Management decisions are guided by the report and the presentation. The involvement
of many managers of business in the research is limited to the written report and the oral
presentation. These managers evaluate the quality of the entire project based on the quality of the
report and presentation. The purpose of research is not well served unless the findings are made
known to others. Therefore, this task should be accomplished by the researcher with utmost care.

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