MATH 122 Substitution and the Definite Integral

On this worksheet you will use substitution, as well as the other integration rules, to evaluate the
the given definite and indefinite integrals.

Steps for integration by Substitution Steps for finding the Definite Integral

1. Determine u: think parentheses and denominators 1. Using substitution or otherwise, find an antiderivative
du
F (x)
2. Find dx
2. Using the given limits of integration, find F (b) − F (a).
du
3. Rearrange dx until you can make a substitution Remember: b is the upper limit and a is the lower limit.
4. Make the substitution to obtain an integral in u Be careful to evaluate −F (a) correctly (distribute the
negative accordingly)
5. Integrate with respect to u
Your answer should be a number
6. Substitute u back to be left with an expression in terms
of x If you make a substitution, remember to substitute back
before plugging in your limits of integration

Example 1:
Z
Find 4x x2 + 1 )5 dx.

du
Observe that if u = x2 + 1 then = 2x and so
dx
du = 2x dx =⇒ 2 du = 4x dx
Z Z

5 1 1
=⇒ 4x x + 1 dx = 2u5 du = u6 + C = (x2 + 1)6 + C.
2
3 3
Z

5 1 2
So 4x x2 + 1 dx = (x + 1)6 + C.
3

Example 2:
Z 5
Find 9x2 + 10x + 3 dx.
1
Z 5 5
9x2 + 10x + 3 dx = 3x3 + 5x2 + 3x = 3(5)3 + 5(5)2 + 3(5) − 3(1)3 + 5(1)2 + 3(1) = 515 − 11 = 504
  
1 1
Z 5
So 9x2 + 10x + 3 dx = 504.
1

Example 3:
Z 2
2x
Find √ dx.
0 x2 + 4
du
Observe that if u = x2 + 4 then = 2x and so
dx
du = 2x dx
Z 2
2x
Z x=2 x=2
1/2 2
1/2
1/2 √ √ 
=⇒ √ dx = u−1/2 du = 2u1/2  = 2 x2 + 4  = 2 22 + 4 − 2 02 + 4 = 2 8−4 = 4 2−1 .

0 x2 + 4 x=0 x=0 0
Z 2
2x √ 
So √ dx = 4 2−1 .
0 x2 + 4
MATH 122 Substitution and the Definite Integral Page 2 of 2

2 7
Z
Z
1
Z
2
6t
1. dr 9. 12s + 1 ds 17. dt
1 r2 −2
2t2 + 5
Z
3 Z 1 Z
e3x
2. dx 10. (2x − 1)6 dx 18. dx
3x + 5 4 − e3x
0
Z Z
3. (4x + 1) dx
8 z 0
2ex
Z
11. dz
(2 − z)(2 + z) 19. dx
Z 6 Z − ln(2) ex +1
4. 6y dy t2
12. 4te dt Z
3
0
20. dx *
Z

5 Z
6x x ln(x)
5. 4x 2x2 + 1 dx 13. dx
3x2 +5 Z 4
1
Z 3 Z 2 21. √ √ 2 dx *
3 2 x (1 + x)
p
6. t dt 1
14. 3y 4− y2 dy
9 0 Z 2
1
3s2 + 2
Z
x x(x − 1)4 dx *
Z
15. dx 22.
7. ds
0
3
2s + 4s + 3 2x2 + 3 1

1
Z
3x2 2x
Z Z
2 x3 23. dx *
8. 3
dx 16. 6x e dx 3
x +8 0 (4x + 5)

Answers
3
1. Ans. 0.5 9. Ans. 1413 17. u = 2t2 + 5, Ans. 2 ln(2t2 + 5) + C
1
2. u = 3x + 5, Ans. ln |3x + 5| + C 10. u = 2x − 1, Ans. 7 18. u = 4−e3x , Ans. − 31 ln |4−e3x |+C
3. u = 4x + 1)8 , Ans. 1
36 (4x + 1)9 11. u = 4 − z 2 , Ans. − 12 ln |4 − z 2 | + C
19. u = ex + 1, Ans. 2 ln 43


2
4. Ans. 108 12. u = t2 , Ans. 2et + C
20. u = ln(x), Ans. 3 ln | ln |x|| + C
1
5. u = 2x2 + 1, Ans. 6 (2x
2
+ 1)6 + C 13. u = 3x2 + 5, Ans. ln(3x2 + 5) + C √ 1
2
21. u = 1 + x, Ans. 6
6. Ans. −1620 14. u = 4 − y , Ans. 8
11
7. u = 2s3 + 4s + 3, Ans. ln(3)
15. u = 2x2 +3, Ans. 1
ln(2x2 +3)+C 22. u = x − 1, Ans. 30
2 4
8x+5
8. u = x3 + 8, Ans. ln |x3 + 8| + C 16. u = x3 , Ans. 2e − 2 23. u = 4x + 5, Ans. − 16(4x+5) 2 + C

The End.