VOCABULARY TEST 3

Words in Action
prevent stop someone from doing something or something from being done
hinder make more difficult for someone to do something or for something to happen
e.g. A snowstorm may prevent a train from running, (the train does not run at all)
or A snowstorm may hinder the train from arriving on time.
(the train has actually run and arrived at its destination)
You can equally prevent the enemy from invading your country, or
hinder the march of an enemy, though you may not have enough force to oppose it.
obstruct stop someone or something from moving forward by blocking their path
e.g. The road is obstructed by fallen trees.
inhibit make someone unable to express themselves freely
e.g. Her presence inhibited me from saying what 1 wanted to.
stem stop the flow or spread of something (usually liquid)
e.g. Pat pressure on the wound so as to stem the flow of blood.
They believed they had a duty to stem the advance of the new sect.
prohibit forbid someone from doing something (usually by law or regulation)
e.g. Smoking is strictly prohibited.
hamper to make movement difficult
e.g. The long tight dress hampered her movements.

Exercise A> > > Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate word from the list
above. You may use the same word more than once.
1 The advance of the rescue team was seriously _________ by the snowstorm.
2 This country has a law _________ young people from marrying before they come of age.
3 The terrible head-on collision of the trucks _________ traffic on the motorway for several hours.
4 His lisp _________ him from speaking freely.
5 Her tight skirt _________ her free movement.
6 The chief of police stressed the importance of _________ the inflow of illegal drugs into the city.
7 Business expansion is often _________ by bureaucracy.
8 To _________ the course of justice by withholding information is a serious penal offense.
9 The doctor tried to _________ the hemorrhage.
10 His presence _________ me from saying what I wanted to.
11 Her long illness _________ her progress at school.
Exercise B> > > Complete the table below with the correct form of the words that are missing.
VERB ADJECTIVE NOUN

prevent
hinder
obstructive
inhibiting
prohibitive

Vocabulary Development
Task One>>> Tick the one word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the word(s) in heavy type.
1 A fatally injured driver  succumbs to his injuries  pulls through

2 To convey an idea is  to prohibit it  to make it known

3 A boulder is a  large rock  small rock

4 The Infantry is soldiers fighting  on horseback  on foot

5 A penitentiary is a  mental institution  prison

6 A harsh punishment is  severe  mild

7 When you restrain your anger,  you keep it under control  you increase it
8 What is irksome is  annoying  exciting

9 When somebody is taken captive, they are taken  care of  prisoner

10 When somebody drifts from one job to another, they  stay put in the job  often change jobs

Task Two>>> In this exercise you have to combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one by
omitting ’this’.
Each new sentence should include the noun derived from the word in heavy type.
Example: I see you are unable to do the job. This can’t be overlooked.
Answer: Your inability to do the job can't be overlooked.
1 The lady was obese. This hampered her movements.
____________________________________________________________________________
2 They scrutinised the proposition. This led to their avoiding unnecessary expenditure.
____________________________________________________________________________
3 His lisp impedes his speech. This made it difficult for me to understand him.
____________________________________________________________________________
4 The judge is impartial. This is known to everybody.
____________________________________________________________________________
5 They disclosed their intentions. This made US shudder.
 ____________________________________________________________________________
6 His knowledge was profound. This astonished everyone present.
____________________________________________________________________________
7 He is ingenious. This can't be denied.
____________________________________________________________________________
8 He departed unexpectedly. This took me by surprise.
____________________________________________________________________________
9 He committed himself to helping us. This was a great relief.
____________________________________________________________________________
10 The people were utterly destitute. This aroused our sympathy.
____________________________________________________________________________
Task Three>>> Complete the sentences using the words defined below.
A flavour (n) - distinctive taste; special quality or characteristic
savour (v) - enjoy the taste or smell of sth
You couldn't possibly _________ your food when you eat so fast!
B inhibit - make somebody unable or unwilling to express his/her feelings
prohibit - forbid by law or regulation
His doctor _________ him from drinking alcohol.
C implicit - suggested rather than plainly stated
explicit - clearly and fully expressed
She didn't give _________ instructions, so she shouldn't be angry with you for doing it wrong.
D superficial - not thorough or profound
superfluous - more than needed or wanted
It is _________ to judge people by the clothes they wear.
E pathetic - causing one to feel sympathy
apathetic - showing a lack of interest in matters
Gregory has been _________ since he lost his job; he doesn't seem to want to do anything.
F apprehend - (legal) arrest, seize
comprehend - understand fully
I cannot _________ what caused her to act that way.
G statute - written law
stature - a person's body height
Although Jane is small in _________ she has a commanding personality.
H induce - persuade or influence
deduce - reach a conclusion by reasoning
 Nothing could _________ him to move to the city.

Task Four>>> Task Four >>> Each word in heavy type is wrong and requires replacement.
Choose words from the box, and put them in the blanks.
popular humane illicit prone stationery
inferred ingenious accessory urban descent

1 I implied from what he said that he was in favor of my proposal. ___________

2 It should be the duty of all of US to work for a more human and civilized society. ___________
3 People with fair skin are drone to skin cancer. ___________
4 The man in the courthouse was on trial for elicit smuggling of drugs. ___________
5 The police held the firm belief that the suspect was an access to the crime. ___________
6 He wrote a populous book and rose to fame. ___________
7 The dissent of the mountain proved difficult. ___________
8 We usually buy stationary in bulk for office use. ___________
9 He's a versatile and ingenuous man. ___________
10 Nowadays more and more people move to urbane areas. ___________

Vocabulary Practice
A. Read the text below and choose the correct word A, B C or D to fit the gaps.
A solution to (11) ___________ desires and expectations perhaps lies in the recognition that wealth does
not involve having many things. It involves having what we long for. Wealth is not an absolute. It is relative
to desire. Every time we seek something we cannot afford, we grow poorer, whatever our resources. And
every time we feel satisfied with what we have, we can be (12) ___________ as rich, however little we may
actually own. There are two ways to make people richer: to give them more money or to (13) ___________
their desires. Modern societies have succeeded spectacularly at the first option but, by continuously inflaming
appetites, they have at the same time helped to negate a share of their most impressive achievements.
The most effective way to feel wealthy may not be to try to make more money. It can be to
(14)___________ ourselves – practi-cally and emotionally - from anyone we both consider to be our equal
and who has become richer than us. Rather than trying to become bigger fish, we should concentrate our
energies on (15) ___________ around us smaller companions next to whom our own size will not (16)
___________ us. In so far as advanced societies provide US with historically elevated incomes, they appear
to make us richer. But, in truth, the net effect of these societies may be to (17)___________ us because, by
fostering unlimited expectations, they keep open a permanent gap between what we want and what we can
afford, who we are and who we might be. The (18) ___________ we have paid for expecting to be so much
more than our ancestors is the permanent feeling that we are far from being all we might be. We should be
careful what we read in the papers and what programmes we watch. No matter what the media (19)
___________ at us, we must remain realistic in our goals and expectations and not allow ourselves to be (20)
___________ into a life of materialism.
11 A. coiling B. curving C. spiralling D. revolving
12 A. counted B. added C. thought D. accounted
13 A. refer B. reassure C. recline D. restrain
14 A. dispute B. vary C. single D. distance
15 A. gathering B. heaping C. loading D. distributing
16 A. brood B. fret C. trouble D. console
17 A. redeem B. impoverish C. enrich D. augment
18 A. fee B. price C. fund D. charge
19 A. sends B. delivers C. exploits D. throws
20 A. liberated B. quarantined C. brainwashed D. investigated
B. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct answer A, B C or D.
21 Many poets have ___________ the beauties of the countryside.
A. extolled B. feared C. excited D. inhibited
22 Hopes of finding the missing climbers are now beginning to ___________.
A. reduce B. faint C. dim D. fade
23 The team's coach insisted on a program of ___________ training before the big game.
A. rigorous B. slack C. severe D. positive
24 Prices at Greek hotels are still affordable, but in Switzerland they are ___________.
A. moderate B. inaccessible C. reasonable D. exorbitant
25 The crash ___________ the motorway for several hours.
A. prevented B. hindered C. obstructed D. inhibited
26 After his wife's death, he ___________ drinking.
A. got to B. came to C. held to D. took to
27 The plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, was a ___________ disease.
A. contagious B. contiguous C. contingent D. congenial
28 The young man felt ___________ in the presence of so many young ladies.
A. inhospitable B. hindered C. inhibited D. prohibited
29 It was obvious that the child suffered from a serious speech ___________.
A. handicap B. impediment C. inhibition D. hindrance
30 His heavy boots ___________ him at work.
A. hampered B. stemmed C. repelled D. compelled