TUTORIAL BOOK ON

MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES - II

(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

DR. SHAILESH SHASHIKANT JADHAV

Department of Mathematics,
Sundarrao More College of Arts commerce and Science,
Poladpur (Cholai), Tal: Poladpur Dist – Raigad 402303
Maharashtra, India

2023
First Edition: April, 2023
ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7

© Copyright reserved by the Author

Publication, Distribution and Promotion Rights reserved by Bhumi Publishing, Nigave Khalasa,
Kolhapur
Despite every effort, there may still be chances for some errors and omissions to have crept in
inadvertently.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically,
mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
publishers.
The views and results expressed in various articles are those of the authors and not of editors or
publisher of the book.

Published by:
Bhumi Publishing,
Nigave Khalasa, Kolhapur 416207, Maharashtra, India
Website: www.bhumipublishing.com
E-mail: [email protected]
Book Available online at:
https://www.bhumipublishing.com/book/
 PREFACE

It gives me a great pleasure to present this book on Mathematics &

Statistical Technique for the students of F. Y. B. Com. This book is written
as per revised syllabus of University of Mumbai from the academic year
2016-2017.
The book is consisted of plenty of practice examples which are beneficial
for tutorial course for the students. Each chapter of this book is divided
into subtopics for better understanding of problems. I hope that the
students will find this book of great help. Inspite of this, suggestion from
students and readers are always welcome.
I express my gratitude to honorable Secretary, Shivai Shikshan Prasark
Mandal, Adv. S. S. Kale and Vice secretary, Shivai Shikshan Prasark
Mandal, Adv. V. S. Deshmukh. for encouragement to carry out this work. I
also express my sincere thanks to Principle, Sundarrao More College of
Arts, Commerce & Science, Dr. D. P. Raverkar for his valuable guidance. I
am also thankful to Bhumi Publication for their efforts that they have
taken to publish this book in time.

- Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

 INDEX

Sr. No. Particulars Page No.

1. Functions 1

2. Derivative and Applications 11

3. Interest-Simple and Compound 22

4. Annuity and EMI 28

5. Bivariate Linear Correlation 33

6. Bivariate Linear Regression 40

7. Time Series 50

8. Index Numbers 55

9. Binomial and Poisson Distribution 67

10. Normal Probability Distribution 75

 STUDENT PROFILE

1. Name of the Student :

2. Contact number :

3. Address :

4. Email :

5. Blood group :

6. Remark of Teacher :

Signature of the Student Signature of the Teacher

 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

1. FUNCTIONS
1.1 Functions.
Ex.1. If f(x) =√𝟓𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 2x +5.
Find f (2), f (-4), f (4), if exists.
Ans.

1
Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

𝟏
Ex.2. If f(x) = 4x3+2x2+𝒙 + 3.

Find f (0), f (1), f (2), if exists.

Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

1.2. Demand and Supply

Ex.1. D= p2-2p+1 and S= p2-4p+4,
Where ‘D’ is demand function, ‘s’ is supply function and ‘p’ is price. Find demand and
supply when price p=3.
Ans.

3
Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.2. Find the demand when price is 4. The demand function is given by D= p2 -5p+10
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.3. Find the equilibrium price and equilibrium point for the demand and supply as
given below: is D= p2+6p+9 and S = p2+18p+81
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

1.3. Cost and Revenue Functions.

Ex.1. If the total cost function is C = 2x2+5x+1, where x is total number of items
produced. Find total cost and average cost at x=15, x=20.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.2. The demand function is given by D = p3+2p+3, p is price. Find the total revenue
when price is ₹ 4 per unit.
Ans.

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Ex.3. If the total cost function is given by C = 30 +5x – x2 and demand function is
d=225-x + x2. Obtain the total profit when the demand is x=3.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.4. Find the total revenue, when price p=4 and demand function is D= 300p-2p3.
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.5. If the price of the item is:

P= 20 + 5x +3x2, x is number of units demanded. Find the total revenue when x=3.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

2. DERIVATIVE AND APPLICATIONS

2.1. Rules for Differentiation
𝒅𝒚
Ex.1.If y = 4x3+3x2-5x + 6. Find 𝒅𝒙

Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

(𝒙+𝟐)(𝟐𝒙+𝟓) 𝒅𝒚
Ex.2. If y = . Find 𝒅𝒙
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙

Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)
𝒅𝒚
Ex.3. If y= exsinx . Find 𝒅𝒙

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

𝟏 𝒅𝒚
Ex.4. If y= x3+ 6x2 - 𝒙. Find .
𝒅𝒙

Ans.

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(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

2.2. Second Order Derivative

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Ex.1. If y= 3x3+ 2x2+5x+1. 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 .
𝒅𝒙𝟐

Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Ex.2. If y = 3x+ logx + ex. Find 𝒅𝒙𝟐 .

Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

2.3 Marginal Functions

Ex.1. Let D = 2p2+ 3p+ 4 is the demand function. Find the marginal demand at p = 3.
Ans.

17
Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.2. Let D is demand function, D = 4p2-3p-1. Find price elasticity of demand at p=10.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

2.4 Extreme Points

Ex.1. Obtain the extreme values for the function f(x) = x3-10x2+ 5x + 4.
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.2. Make two parts of 50 such that their product is maximum.

Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)
𝟔𝟒
Ex.3. Find the maximum and minimum for f(x) = x3 + 𝒙𝟑 .

Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

3. INTEREST-SIMPLE AND COMPOUND

3.1 Simple Interest
Ex.1. If Ganesh invested ₹ 15000 at 9 % simple interest per annum in XYZ S.I.P. Find
the amount he gets after 5 years.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.2. Find the amount which yield ₹ 3000 as a simple interest at 13% per annum in 5
years.
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.3.If ₹ 12000 counts to ₹ 20000 with simple interest in 3 years, Calculate the rate of
interest.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

3.2 Compound Interest

Ex.1. Find the sum and compound interest, if ₹ 5500 deposited for 6 years at 11%,
calculated on
i) annualy,
ii) half yearly,
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

iii) quarterly
iv) monthly.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.2. What principal will count compound interest of ₹ 1000 half yearly with 9% for
4 years?
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

4. ANNUITY AND EMI

4.1 Ordinary Annuities.
Ex.1. Calculate the sum for the ordinary annuity with periodic payment of ₹ 3500 in 6
years with interest rate 10%. The cases are as follows:
i) annulay,
ii) half- Yearly.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

i) quarterly
ii) monthly
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.2. Sanjay deposited for 3 years in annuity with interest rate 9% on half yearly
basis. The sum he gains is 35234. Calculate the periodic payment.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

4.2. Equated Monthly Instalments

Ex.1. Leela borrowed ₹ 16576 at 10% per annum interest rate for 5 years. Find his
equally monthly installment, if:
i) Flat interest rate,
ii) Interest on reducing balance.
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.2. XYZ bank offer special scheme for customer. It gives 14 % interest per annum. If
Sangita invested ₹ 15000 for each 3 months. What amount she collected after 4
years.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

5. BIVARIATE LINEAR CORRELATION

5.1. Karl-pearson Coefficient of Correlation
Ex.1. Explain the type of correlation and draw the scatter diagram for the data given
below.
X 5 6 8 7 9 10 11 12 13
Y 2 5 4 6 8 7 10 11 11
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.2. Calculate the karl pearson coefficient of correlation for the following data
i) x 5 7 2 1 8 6
y 3 6 8 2 4 1
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

ii) x 9 12 14 16 18 16
y 16 12 10 11 8 6
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.3. If ∑ 𝒙𝒚 =54, ∑ 𝒙𝟐 = 50, ∑ 𝒚𝟐 = 70, ∑ 𝒙 = 120, ∑ 𝒚 = 22, n= 10.

Find Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

5.2. Spearman’s Coefficient of Correlation

Ex.1. Topmost marks of the 7 students of XYZ College in Mathematics and Accounts
are given by:
Mathematics 75 90 80 70 75 86 81
Account 85 78 80 85 70 87 90
Find Spearman’s coefficient of correlation.
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.2. Find Spearman’s coefficient of correlation for the following repeated rank
Grade 1 B A A+ C B+ B O
Grade 2 D O C A A O+ B
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.3. Find Spearman’s coefficient of correlation for the following repeated rank
Marks 55 60 45 50 55
Grades A B C A A
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

6. BIVARIATE LINEAR REGRESSION

6.1. Formulae
Ex.1. Write down the formulae for arithmetic mean, variance and standard deviation.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.2. Write down the formulae for covariance, coefficient of correlation, coefficient of
regression.
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.3. Write down the formulae for coefficients of regression and equation of
regression lines.
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

6.2. Coefficients of Regression.

Ex.1. Find the arithmetic means and the variance for the following:

A 5 8 7 6
B 3 4 5 2
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.2. Find the standard deviation and covariance for the following:

E 1 4 8 2
F 2 3 1 5
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.3. Find the coefficient of correlation and coefficient of regression for the
following:

M 11 8 7 6 5
N 1 2 5 8 9
Ans:

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.4. Find the both equations for the line of regression for the following table:

A 1 6 8 5 3
B 2 3 1 7 1
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.5. For the following bivariate data:

A 1 6 8 5 3
B 2 3 1 7 1

i) Find the both equations for the line of regression,

ii) Find x, if y =4,
iii) Find y, if x =7.
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.6. Two regression lines are as given below:

X on y : 3x+ 5y = 2
Y on x : 5x+ y = 3
Find 𝒚
̅, 𝒙
̅ , 𝒃𝒚𝒙 , 𝒃𝒙𝒚 .
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.7. Find arithmetic means 𝒙

̅ and𝒚
̅, if regression lines are:
(5.7) x – (4.3) y = 1 and (2.1) x+ (1.3) y = 2
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

7. TIME SERIES
7.1. Moving Averages
Ex.1. Calculate the three yearly moving averages of students of XYZ college The
academic year wise data is as given below. On one graph paper plot the original
values along with trend values.
Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002
No. of students 1500 1700 1800 1600 1900 1950 1850 1900
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.2. Calculate the five yearly moving averages of students of XYZ College. The
academic year wise data is as given below. On one graph paper plot the original
values along with trend values.
Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002
No. of students 1500 1700 1800 1600 1900 1950 1850 1900
Ans.

51
Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.3. Use least square method to fit a linear trend for the data of XYZ Investment
Company. Also estimate the trend values for 2020.
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Investment 85 80 94 115 130 137 160
Ans.

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(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.4. Fit a linear trend using least square method. Estimate value for 2005.
Year (X) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Value (Y) 15.5 23.4 20.9 25.2 12.3
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.5. The index numbers with respective years is given in table below. Obtain the
trend value using three yearly cycle.
Year (X) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Index Number(Y) 50 100 110 90 75
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

8. INDEX NUMBERS
8.1. Index Numbers
Ex.1. Changes in the strength of students of different faculties of XYZ College in
academic year 2020-21 and 2021-22 is given below. Find the index number with
2020 as base year.
Year B. Sc. B. Com. B. A. B. C. S. B. B. A.
2020-21 180 120 120 60 90
2021-22 180 125 100 90 100
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.2. Find the Index Numbers for following data.

Year I II III IV V VI
2015 70 40 110 100 55 60
2016 60 55 60 80 113 48
i) Use Simple Average of Relative Method
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

ii) Use Simple Aggregative Method

Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

8.2. Weighted Index Numbers

Ex.1. The following data represents faculty wise strength of students for XYZ college
in academic year 2015-16 and 2016-17.
Faculty Base year (p0) Current year (p1) Weightage (w)
B. Sc. 110 125 5
B. Com. 81 120 4
B. A. 60 80 3
B. C. S. 70 73 15
B. B. A. 50 60 10
i) Find the Weighted Average of Price Relative Index Number.
Ans.

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(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

ii) Find Weighted Aggregative Index Number.

Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.2.Write down the following for Weighted Index Numbers.

i) Laspeyre’s formula
ii) Paasche’s formula
iii) The Drobish-Bowley formula
iv) The Fisher’s Formula
Ans.

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Ex.3. Find the Laspeyre’s, and Paache’s Weighted Index Numbers.

Commodity Current year Base Year

P Q p Q
E 12 8 30 6
F 11 6 10 7
G 8 2 9 8
H 35 4 8 8

Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.4. Find the Drobish-Bowle’y and Fisher’s Weighted Index Numbers.

Commodity Current year Base Year

P Q p q
I 10 5 20 3
II 15 4 10 2
III 20 2 30 2
IV 35 7 12 8

Ans.

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Ex.5. Find the Marshall-Edgeworth’s Weighted Index Numbers for the following data:

Commodity Current year Base Year

P Q p q
I 23 6 25 4
II 25 4 15 2
III 30 2 20 1
IV 40 5 12 5

Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

8.3. Chain Base Index Numbers

Ex.1. The prices of some items for the years 2016 to 2019 are as given below. Find
the chain-based index numbers.
Year 2016 2017 2018 2019
Prices 15 14 20 17
Ans.

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Ex.2. Change the following Fixed Base Index Numbers to Chain Base Index Numbers.
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Index Numbers
55 60 65 90 125 130 155
(Base year-2010)
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.3. Shift the base year to 2022 for the following.

Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Index Numbers
132 110 70 90 125 100 130
(Base year-2014)
Ans.

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Ex.4. Find the Cost of Living Index Numbers for the student’s data given below.
Base Year Current Year
Groups 2010 2016
P0 𝒒𝟎 𝒑𝟏
Transport 50 12 55
Admission fee 12 6 14
Examination fee 8 7 8
Cloths (Uniform) 7 4 9
Miscellaneous 10 5 8
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

9. BINOMIAL AND POISSON DISTRIBUTION

9.1. Binomial Distribution
Ex.1. Consider the random experiment of tossing 5 coins, Find the probability of
getting:
i) 2 heads,
ii) atmost 3 heads,
Ans.

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 Tutorial Book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques - II
(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

i) atleast 5 heads,
ii) exactly 1 tails.
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

9.2. Mean and Variance of Binomial Distribution

Ex.1. Find mean and variance of Binomial Distribution if:
i) P=0.5 , n= 55
ii) P=0.8, n= 115
Ans.

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Ex.2. If mean = 8 and standard deviation = 3. Find p and n.

Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.3. If variance = 5.8 and mean = 16. Find n and p.

Ans.

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(ISBN: 978-93-88901-43-7)

Ex.4. Consider the experiment of throwing 2 dice simultaneously. Find the

probability that sum on the uppermost face is at least 5.
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

9.2. Poisson Distribution

Ex.1. Consider the Poisson Distribution with 𝝀 = 0.5, find:
i) p(x = 5)
ii) p(x≤ 4)
iii) p(0)
iv) p(x ≥ 4).
Ans.

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Ex.2. If following satisfies for random variable:

i) p(2) = p(6)
ii) random variable follows Poisson distribution
Find variance and mean.
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

10. NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

10.1 Normal Distribution
Ex.1. Consider the standard normal variate X, find the area between:
i) X= -1.5 to X=2,
ii) X= 0 to X=2,
iii) area to the right of X=2.
Ans.

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i) between X= 0.8 and x =1.5,

ii) left to the X=- 1.23.
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex.2. If variable Y distributed normally with mean 45 and standard deviation 8.

Describe neat diagram for area under the graph of function g(x), for:
i) (48 < Y < 55)
ii) ( 45 < Y < 58)
Ans.

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i) (Y > 55)
ii) (Y < 55)
Ans.

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Dr. Shailesh Shashikant Jadhav

Ex 3. The monthly required commodities of 1780 families of XYZ village are

distributed normally. The standard deviation is ₹135 and mean is ₹5000. Calculate
the number of families whose monthly required commodities will be
i) between ₹ 4000 and ₹ 7000,
ii) more than ₹ 5000.
Ans.

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III) less than ₹ 4000

IV) between ₹ 3000 and ₹ 6000.
Ans.

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REFERENCES
1. Desai R. (2008). Share Bazar, Rajhans Public., 978-81-7434-423-6.
2. Giri P. K. and Banerjee J. (2021). Statistical Tools and Techniques, Academic
publishers, 7th edition, 978-9387162792.
3. Jadhav S. S. (2022). Tutorial book on Mathematical and Statistical Techniques-I.
Bhumi publishing, India, 2022, ISBN: 978-93-91768-41-6.
4. Joshi N. A., Chitale S. G., Rege S. R., Venket G. and Pandey N. N. (2015). Mathematical
and Statistical Techniques-II, 4th edition, Sheth Public. ISBN: 978-93-81801-87-1.
5. Kapoor V. K. and Gupta S. C. (2014). Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand and Sons
Publ., ISBN: 8180547000.
6. Sharma J. K. (2017). Operation Research: Theory and Applic., 6th edition, Trinity
Public., ISBN: 978-9380618128.
7. Taha H. A. (2014). Operation Research: An Introduction, 9th edition, Pearson Public,
ISBN: 978-9332518223.
8. Vishwanath Maurya M. N., Rombalas Misra M.B., Peter K. S. and Anderson K. (2016).
Profit optimization using linear programming mode, American J. of Biological.

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NOTES

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