UNIT: 1 MR.

KHALID GHANEM

UNIT 1
Yehia Haqqi
Yehia Haqqi was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian literature. As
well as being an important writer, he was an expert on Arab culture. Yehia
Haqqi was born in 1905 in the Sayyida Zeinab district of Cairo. He graduated
in law and worked for a short time as a lawyer. In 1929, he began his career as
a diplomat and he worked abroad for more than 20 years. The time he spent in France,
Italy, Turkey and Libya gave him experiences he later used in his writing. At the same
time as he was working, Haqqi was also writing stories. His first short story, published in
1925, established him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world.
Haqqi always wanted to help poor and disabled people. He had to go to hospital after
an earthquake in Cairo, but gave his bed to a poor person who he thought needed it more.
In 1955, he wrote a collection of short stories about the poor and the disabled which won
an important prize. Another of his stories, The Postman, was made into a film.
Haqqi wrote in a new way about Arab society and customs in the twentieth century. Haqqi
was also interested in the Arabic language and he developed a new style of writing which
is respected today. As well as writing his own novels and stories, Haqqi also translated
Russian, French, Italian and Turkish literature into Arabic. He was a very strong believer
in the power of education and supported many young Egyptian writers. Haqqi died in
1992, but is still thought of as the father of the modern short story and the novel in Egypt.

VOCABULARY
Develop ‫يطور‬ a collection of ‫مجموعة من‬ pioneer ‫رائد‬
Respect‫يحترم‬ society‫مجتمع‬ Modern‫حديث‬
Establish ‫يؤسس‬ Customs Literature‫أدب‬
Insist on ‫يصر على‬ )‫عادات (تخص المجتمع‬ Culture‫ثقافة‬
Believe in ‫يؤمن بـ‬ Traditions‫تقاليد‬ Cultural ‫تقافى‬
Compete ‫يتنافس‬ Habits)‫عادات (تخص الفرد‬ Writer‫كاتب‬
work for‫يعمل لدى‬ District ‫ منطقة‬/ ‫حى‬ expert on ‫خبير فى‬
Work as ‫ يعمل كـ‬... Fixed routine ‫روتين محدد‬ Article ‫مقال‬
Attach ‫ يربط‬/ ‫ يوصل‬/ ‫يرفق‬ Journalist‫صحفى‬ Law‫قانون‬
Deliver ‫ يُسلم باليد‬/ ‫يوصل‬ Style‫أسلوب‬ Lawyer‫محامى‬
Attend ‫يحضر‬ Education‫تعليم‬ Career‫مهنة‬
Graduate from ‫يتخرج من‬ Novel‫ رواية‬/ ‫قصة‬ Profession ‫مهنة‬
Spend /spent/ ‫يقضى‬ Novelist ‫ قصاص‬/ ‫روائى‬ Diplomat‫دبلوماسى‬
Publish ‫ينشر‬ Fashion ‫موضة‬ Experience‫خبرة‬
Support ‫ يدعم‬/ ‫يساند‬ fashionable‫مساير للموضة‬ Experiences ‫تجارب‬
Change ‫يغير‬ old fashioned ‫موضة قديمة‬ publisher ‫ناشر‬
Show ‫ يبين‬/ ‫يوضح‬ attachment ‫مرفقات‬ disabled‫ُمعاق‬
Affect‫يؤثر على‬ Politician ‫سياسى‬ Earthquake‫زلزال‬
Retire ‫يتقاعد‬ Postman ‫ساعى البريد‬ Respected ‫محترم‬
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

Create ‫ يُبدع‬/ ‫يخلق‬ Abroad ‫فى الخارج‬ Competition‫ منافسة‬/ ‫مسابقة‬

Check ‫ يفحص‬/ ‫يراجع‬ Believer in (n) ‫مؤمن بـ‬ Confusing ‫مربك‬
Customary ‫ من العادة‬/‫كألوف‬ Average ‫متوسط‬ City council ‫مجلس المدينة‬
Beliefs ‫ُمعتقدات‬ Poet ‫شاعر‬ Punishment ‫عقاب‬
Publication)‫نشر (الكتب‬ Poetry ‫ِشعر‬ Penalty‫ جزاء‬/ ‫عقاب‬
Publisher ‫ناشر‬ poem‫قصيدة‬ Rule ‫ قانون‬/ ‫قاعدة‬
Editor ‫محرر‬ Interviewer‫محاور‬ Recognition ‫إعتراف‬
Journalist ‫صحفى‬ University‫جامعة‬ Supervision ‫إشراف‬
At the same time Magazine‫مجلة‬ Disputes ‫خالفات‬
‫فى نفس الوقت‬ Ideas‫أفكار‬ Type / sort / kind ‫نوع‬
Athletics ‫ألعاب القوى‬ break‫راحة‬ Author ‫مؤلف‬
Athlete ‫شخص رياضى‬ Headache‫صداع‬ Complex ‫معقد‬
Prize ‫جائزة‬ Product‫منتج‬ Red tape ‫روتين حكومى‬
Interested in ‫مهتم بـ‬ Behavior‫سلوك‬ Governorate‫محافظة‬
Language ‫لغة‬ Area‫منطقة‬ Ambassador ‫سفير‬
As well as +G ‫باإلضافة إلى‬ surgeon‫جراح‬ Century ‫قرن‬
As long as ‫طالما‬ Surgery ‫عملية جراحية‬ Rules ‫ قوانين‬/ ‫قواعد‬
As soon as ‫بمجرد أن‬ heart transplant‫زراة قلب‬ Excellent‫ممتاز‬
Pencil ‫قلم رصاص‬ transport ‫مواصالت‬ Sailor‫بحار‬
Paper ‫ورق‬ Village‫قرية‬ Clerk‫موظف‬
Politics ‫السياسة‬ Traditional‫تقليدى‬ Useful ‫مفيد‬
Political (adj) ‫سياسى‬ report‫تقرير‬ Enter ‫يدخل‬
Report ‫تقرير‬ Competition‫منافسة‬ Type ‫يكتب على الكمبيوتر‬
Midday ‫منتصف النهار‬ Retired‫ُمتقاعد‬ Remember‫يتذكر‬
Midnight ‫منتصف الليل‬ massive ‫ضخم‬ Greet ‫يحيي‬
Development ‫تطور‬ establishment ‫تأسيس‬ Perform ‫يؤدى‬
Improvements ‫تحسينات‬ Behavior ‫سلوك‬ Require ‫يطلب‬
Disability ‫إعاقة‬ Concerned with ‫مهتم بـ‬ Follow ‫يتبع‬
Sailor ‫بحار‬ Representative ‫مندوب‬/‫ممثل‬ Punish ‫يعاقب‬
Typewriter ‫آلة كاتبة‬ Typical ‫نموذجى‬ Receive ‫ يستقبل‬/ ‫يستلم‬

Preposition
A collection of ‫ مجموعة من‬Adjust to ‫ يتكيف على‬/ ‫يتأقلم‬ Interested in ‫مهتم بـ‬
Work for ‫يعمل لدى‬ Win a prize for Believe in ‫يؤمن بـ‬
Work as ‫يعمل كـ‬ ‫يفوز بجائزة لـ‬ Succeed in ‫ينجح فى‬
Catch up with ‫يساير‬ Give in )‫يسلم (شئ‬ Translate into ‫يترجم إلى‬
Suffer from ‫يعانى من‬ expert on / in ‫خبير فى‬ Instead of ‫بدالً من‬

Phrases, Expressions
2 and
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

As a sign of respect ‫كدليل على اإلحترام‬ Is still thought of as ‫مازال يُرى كـ‬
As far as I’m concerned ‫على قدر إهتمامى‬ Confusing situation‫موقف ُمربك‬
Was made into a film ‫حولت إلى فلم‬ e-mail attachment‫مرفقات‬
Graduated in law ‫تخرج فى القانون‬ developed a new style‫طور إسلوب جديد‬
Have a fixed routine ‫له روتين محدد‬ Respected writer ‫كاتب محترم‬
Daily / fixed routine ‫ محدد‬/ ‫روتين يومى‬ Pioneering role ‫دور رائد‬
It gives me a headache ‫تسبب لى صداع‬ Look old-fashioned ‫تبدو موضة قديمة‬
Established him as ‫وضعته فى مكانة كـ‬ Is based on ‫ قائم على‬/ ‫يعتمد على‬
a national competition ‫مسابقة قومية‬ a ten-minute break‫إستراحة لعشر دقائق‬

EXERCISE
* choose the correct answer: -
1- Early black and white photos show people in … clothes.
a) fashion b) old fashion c) old fashioned d) old
fashionable
2- The sun is at its strongest at … .
a) midnight b) midday c) midevening d) god
night
3- I don't really have a … during the holidays.
a) custom b) habit c) routine d)
tradition
4- My friends and I are going to enter an athletics … . We all hope to win something.
a) competition b) completion c) confusion d) condition
5- I sent an e-mail with two… . They were photos of my friends.
a) attacks b) attachments c) attractions d) e-mails
6- That author’s books are very successful, so I think that he will easily find a … for his
next book.
a) publish b) writer c) author d)
publisher
7- Please, … a recent photo to your application.
a) attachment b) attack c) attach d) attend
8- A … is someone who produces books, newspapers or magazines.
a) publish b) publisher c) public d) republic
9- He … that he studies literature instead of science.
a) consists b) insists c) resists d) conducts
10- I really enjoyed this book. It is written in a very Simple … .
a) fashion b) system c) style d) stylish
11- Yehia Haqqi came from a poor … of Cairo.
a) district b) distract c) distinct d) instinct
12- My brother wants to be a lawyer when he graduates, so he's studying … at university.
a) lawyer b) lawful c) low d) law
13- Magdi Yacoub was one of the first heart transplant … .
a) pioneers b) publishers c) writers d) authors
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

14- In my grandfather's village, they still follow the same traditional … that he used to
follow when he was a boy.
a) routine b) habit c) customs d)
techniques
15- Ali’s cousin is … and can’t walk very well.
a) disable b) able c) disability d) disabled
16- My sister loves clothes and buys … dresses.
3
a) very old b) traditional c) fashionable d) old-
fashioned
17- His first job was as a … .
a) law b) low c) lawful d)
lawyer
18- A … is someone who produces books, newspapers or magazines.
a) publish b) publisher c) public d)
publicity
19- My parents gave me a … of modern short stories for my birthday.
a) collect b) collecting c) collection d)
correction
20- Yehia Haqqi was an important twentieth-century … .
a) writer b) write c) writing d)
writers
21- My mother has a … that children learn best by playing games.
a) believe b) belief c) believer d)
disbelieve
22- Although Nawal has a …, she is very good at sports.
a) disability b) disable c) disabled d)
inability
23- Yehia Haqqi was one of the … of modern Egyptian literature.
a) pioneers b) explorers c) careers d)
competitions
24- Modern Egyptian … has its influence on other Arab cultures.
a) feature b) literature c) pleasure d)
treasure
25- Yehia Haqqi was born in the Sayyida Zeinab … of Cairo.
a) restrict b) region c) district d) city
26- The time Haqqi spent abroad gave him … he later used in his writing.
a) experiments b) expectations c) situations d)
experiences
27- Haqqi spent most of his … working in the United States.
a) profession b) career c) position d) post
28- His first short story … him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world.
a) established b) published c) demolished d)
positioned
29- Haqqi always wanted to help poor and … people.
a) disable b) disabled c) disabler d)
disabling
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

30- He wrote a … of short stories about the poor and the disabled which won an important
prize.
a) correction b) group c) collect d)
collection
31- Haqqi developed a new … of writing which is respected today
a) style b) steel c) system d)
stylish
32- He was a very strong believer in the … of education
a) energy b) authority c) power d)
lower
33- Hundreds of athletes from across the nation came to … in the games.
a) complete b) conflict c) compete d)
delete
34- It is the … to greet someone when you meet them.
a) routine b) custom c) prize d)
customer
35- Using a typewriter is … . Now we use computers.
a) poetic b) vague c) ancient d)
old-fashioned
36- Dr Fathi has performed a new type of surgery. He is considered a/n … in his field.
a) routine b) pioneer c) complication d)
explorer
37- The … of vaccines to prevent diseases has helped to save many lives.
a) styling b) development c) establishment d)
custom
38- When the … requires you to follow a rule, you can receive a penalty if you disregard it.
a) style b) law c) pioneer
d) custom

39- My daily … is to get up and walk.

4
a) routine b) red tape c) customs d)
traditions
40- My friend and I are going to enter an athletics …, we hope to win.
a) competition b) composition c) recognition d)
supervision
41– Haqqi worked as a … in different countries.
a) ambassador b) diplomat c) writer d)
translator
42– He is an expert … Arab culture.
a) with b) on c) that d) by
43– His story , the post man, was … into a film.
a) done b) made c) written d)making
44– He has a … routine in writing.
a) fixed b) fixing c) fax d) mix
 Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:
1- Yehia Haqqi was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian literate.
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

2- Yehia Haqqi was born in 1905 in the Sayyida Zeinab destrict of Cairo.
3- He graduated in law and worked for a short time as an ambassador.
4- In 1929, he began his profession as a diplomat.
5- Most people look at the teaching career as a respectable job.
6- His first short story published him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab
world.
7- Haqqi always wanted to help poor and disable people.
8- In 1955, he wrote a correction of short stories about the poor and the disabled.
9- His story, The Postman, was done into a film.
10- Haqqi was also interested on the Arabic language.
11- Haqqi invented a new style of writing.
12- He developed a new system of writing which is respected today.
13- He was a very strong believer in the energy of education.
14- Haqqi died in 1992, but is still bought of as the father of the modern short story.
15- His style of writing is still respectable today.
16- I always have a ten-minutes break for coffee at midday
17- Yehia Haqqi worked like a diplomat.
18- Haqqi is thought of as the father of modern short poems.
19- My friend and I are going to enter an athletics completion.
20- Do you make a routine?
21- A doplimatic is a person who is skilled at dealing with other people.
22- Litrary includes novels, short stories, plays and poetry.
23- He works in a company that polishes reference books.
24- She has no children to suppose her in her old days.
25- I sent him the report as an e-mail attach.

5
Past Simple Tense

‫يتكون الماضى البسيط من التصريف الثانى للفعل‬ 

.‫هناك نوعين من تصريفات األفعال‬ 
.‫ إلى نهاية الفعل‬d / ed ‫أفعال منتظمة ويتم تكوينها بإضافة‬ 
EX: help helped live lived
‫أفعال شاذة‬ 
IRREGULAR VERBS
VERB PAST PP. VERB PAST PP.
Be was/were been Go went gone
Beat beat beaten Grow grew grown
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

Become became become Have had had

Begin began begun Know knew known
Bite bit bitten Learn learnt /ed./ learnt/ed/
Break broke broken Leave left left
Bring brought brought Lend lent lent
Build built built Light lit lit
Burn burnt/burned burnt/burned Lose lost lost
Buy bought bought Make made made
Catch caught caught Meet met met
Choose chose chosen Pay paid paid
Come came come Read read read
cost cost cost Ride rode ridden
Cut cut cut Run ran run
Die died died Say said said
Dig dug dug See saw seen
Do did done Sell sold sold
Draw drew drawn Send sent sent
drink drank drunk Show showed shown
drive drove driven Sing sang sung
Eat ate eaten Sit sat sat
Feed fed fed Sleep slept slept
Feel felt felt Smell smelt/ed./ smelt/ed./
fight fought fought Speak spoke spoken
find found found Spend spent spent
Fly flew flown Steal stole stolen
forget forgot forgotten Swim swam swum
Freeze froze frozen Take took taken
Get got got Teach taught taught
Give gave given Write wrote written
6 : ‫يستخدم الماضي البسيط‬
1- ‫للتعبير عن حدث انتهي في وقت معين في الماضي‬:
I went to Cairo last week.
2- ‫للتعبير عن موقف أو عادة في الماضي‬:
When I was young, we lived in Alex.
‫ للتعبير عن عادة في الماضي‬used to ‫ كما يُستخدم مع‬-2
 I used to read the newspaper every day. Now I don't have the time.
3- ‫كما يستخدم مع كلمات مثل‬:
* Yesterday * ‫أمس‬ * Once * ‫ذات مرة‬
* Last… * ... ‫الماضى‬ * One day * ‫ذات يوم‬
* … ago * ‫من ُذ‬... * In the past * ‫في الماض‬
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

* When I was …, …
.( Was / Were + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ إسم‬/ ‫ ( أو ) صفة‬Did + ‫ )فاعل‬inf + ‫في االستفهام نستخدم‬ 
EX: Did you see the film last night?
EX: Were you tired last night?
.‫ ثم المصدر‬didn’t ‫في النفي نستخدم‬ 
 EX: I didn’t see the film last night.

.was / were + PP :‫وفي حالة المبني للمجهول نستخدم‬

My car fixed yesterday.
My car was fixed yesterday.
EXERCISE
* Choose the right answer: -
1- Once I … a monkey carrying a child.
a)was seen b)had seen c)saw d)used to see
2 -Armstrong … on the moon in 1969.
a)lands b) was landing c) was landed d) landed
3-I … out last night.
a)don’t go b) wasn’t go c) haven’t gone d) didn’t go
4 - … Dr. Aisha Abdel Rahman write under a pen name?
a)Was b) Did c) Had d) Has
5 -My aunt visited me yesterday and … me a present.
a)gives b) was giving c) gave d) had given
6- They … Aswan last year.
a)visit b)visited c)visiting d)visit
7- He … to bed early yesterday.
a)has gone b)goes c)went d)had gone
8- He … in Alex for ten years, but he no longer lives there.
a)live b)lives c)lived d)has lived
7
* Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: -
1- They have left for London two days ago.
2- We aren't go to Port Said last summer.
3- Were you enjoy the film last night?
4- Did you went to the cinema last week?
5- Did you happy yesterday?
6- I haven’t met him a month ago.
7- It’s a long time since I have heard from him.
8- When has Nora leave last night?
9- When we were in Alex, the weather is humid.
10- I didn’t at home when you phoned last night.
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

Past Continuous Tense F‫الماضي المستمر‬

:‫ يتكون من‬
Was / Were + V + ing
‫يستخدم الماضي المستمر‬
: ‫ للتعبير عن حدث مستمر أثناء وقت معين في الماضي‬-1
 Between six and half past six this morning, I was having breakfast.
: ‫ للتعبير عن حدث كان مستمراً فى الماضى عندما قطعه حدث ماضى آخر‬-2
 I was having a shower when the phone rang.
:‫ يستخدم الماضي المستمر غالبا مع كلمات مثل‬
when / During / all … yesterday While / As / Just as /

While + F‫ ماضى مستمر‬/ G ‫توازى أحداث‬ ‫ماضى مستمر‬

writing
While my homework, my brother was watching TV.
I was writing

While + F‫ ماضى مستمر‬/ G ‫تقاطع أحداث‬ ‫مضى بسيط‬

driving
While his car, he made an accident.
he was driving
V + ing : ‫ و يأتي يعدها‬when / while ‫ بدال من‬On ‫ يمكن استخدام‬
On driving, I was listening to music.
During + N / G
During the game, he got hurt.
During playing the game, he got hurt.
:‫األفعال التى تُعبر عن الحواس أو الحالة‬
8 ‫ الحظ عدم استخدام الماضي المستمر مع‬
While I was at school, I worked to a plan.
She seemed ill when I visited her.

.was / were + being + PP :‫في حالة المبني للمجهول نستخدم‬

 Faten burnt herself when the food was being cooked.

EXERCISE
* Choose the right answer: -
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

1- It suddenly began to rain when I … in the garden.

a) sat b) sit c) was sitting d) am
sitting
2- Why … all that time?
a) was she cried b) was she crying c) she cried d) would
she cry
3- He was reading the paper while the children … in the garden.
a) were played b) were playing c) are playing d) played
4- He was watching TV when his father … .
a) is coming b) comes c) came d) was
coming
5- I understood what the teacher … .
a) was saying b) was said c) is saying d) might
say
6- He was driving his car when he … the accident.
a) makes b) was making c) will make d) made
7- He … the ladder when suddenly he fell down.
a) climbed b) was climbed c) was climbing d) climbs
8- She … the table when the visitors came.
a) is laying b) was laying c) was laid d) were
laying
9- I was having a shower … the telephone rang.
a) when b) while c) as d)
until
10- As I was walking down the street, I … a friend of mine.
a) meet b) meets c) met d) had
met
11- While we … a party, the lights went out.
a) have b) had c) have had d) were
having
12- He … in the garden when he hurt his foot.
a) dug b) digs c) was digging d) was
dug
13- I fell into the river while … on the bridge.
a) was walking b) walking c) walked d) had
walked
14- She … her bag when a thief grabbed it and ran away.
a) carried b) was carried c) was carrying d) is
carrying
15- When the door bell rang, she … the dishes.
a) washed b) washes c) has washed d) was
washing
16- While the old man … the street, a car hit him.
a) cross b) crosses c) was crossing d) was
crossed
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

9
* Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: -
1- While he climbed the tree, he fell down.
2- As he went shopping, it started to rain.
3- Just as she went to bed when suddenly she saw a mouse.
4- Someone broke into the flat while their holiday.
5- As the film, the bell rang.
6- He fell asleep while the film.
7- The telephone rang twice when doing my homework.
8- During sleep, I was having a nightmare.
9- During I was staying in Minia, I made a lot of friends.
10- I made my homework as my brother was watching TV.

The Past Perfect Tense

:had + PP ‫ يتكون من‬: 
:‫ يستخدم الماضي التام ليصف حدث وقع قبل حدث آخر في الماضي‬-1
I bought the TV after I had checked the prices.
:‫ يستخدم الماضي التام غالبا مع كلمات مثل‬-2
After + ‫ماضى بسيط‬ + ‫ماضى تام‬
Before + ‫ ماضى تام‬+ ‫ماضى بسيط‬
By …/ By the time + ‫ماضىـ تام‬ + ‫ماضى بسيطـ‬
As soon as + ‫ ماضى بسيط‬+ ‫ماضى تام‬
When + ‫ماضى بسيط‬ + ‫ماضى تام‬
When + ‫ ماضىـ تام‬+ ‫ماضى بسيطـ‬
‫ماضى بسيطـ‬ + because + ‫ماضى تام‬
) ‫ماضى بسيط ( غالبا ً منفى‬ + till / until + ‫ماضى تام‬
No sooner + ‫ماضى تام‬ + than + ‫ماضى بسيط‬
Hardly + ‫ ماضى تام‬+ when + ‫ماضي بسيط‬
Scarcely + ‫ماضى تام‬ + when + ‫ماضى بسيطـ‬
Having + pp + ‫ماضى بسيطـ‬
After + G + ‫ماضى بسيط‬
Before + G + ‫ماضى تام‬

After ‫ ماضي تام‬/ G / N ‫ماضى بسيط‬

After he had made the accident, he stayed in bed for three weeks.
After making the accident, he stayed in bed for three weeks.
After the accident, he stayed in bed for three weeks.
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

Before ‫ بسيط‬10
‫ ماضي‬/ G / N ‫ماضى تام‬
Before she travelled, she had booked the tickets.
Before travelling, she had booked the tickets.
Before her travel, she had booked the tickets.

)‫ ماضي بسيط (غالبا ً منفى‬+ till / until ‫ماضي تام‬

:‫ في وسط الجملة و قبلها الماضي البسيط (غالبا ً منفي) و بعدها الماضي التام‬till/ until ‫تأتي‬
She didn’t leave until she had finished her work.
)‫(حسب المعنى‬: ‫ دائما منفي بل قد تكون الجملة أحيانا مثبتة‬till/until ‫ال يكون الماضي البسيط قبل‬
 I waited for her until she had arrived.

It wasn't until + ‫ ماضى تام‬+ That + ‫ماضى بسيط‬

It was only when + ‫ ماضى تام‬+ that + ‫ماضى بسيط‬
 It wasn't until we had finished our meal that he ordered us back to work.
 It was only when we had finished our meal that he ordered us back to work.

)‫الحظ توالى ثالث أحداث فى الجملة (الحدث األخير فى الجملة هو األول وقوعا ً – ماضى تام‬

‫ ماضى بسيط‬+ ‫ ماضى بسيط‬+ ‫ رابطة زمنية‬+ that + ‫ماضى تام‬

 When I returned home, I found out that I had forgotten my bag at school.
‫ هو‬because ‫ بشرط أن تكون الجملة في الماضي والحدث بعد‬because ‫ ُيستخدم الماضي التام بعد‬
:)‫الذي حدث أوال (الماضى التام‬
The teacher was pleased because all his students had passed the test.

Having + PP ‫ماضي تام‬ ‫بسيط‬

Having done the homework, he went to bed.
‫ يتوقف علي أي الحدثين وقع أوال‬when ‫استخدام الماضي التام مع‬
● I was unlucky. When I arrived at the station, the train had left.
●I was lucky. When I had arrived at the station, the train left
G ‫ للتعبير عن توالى األحداث ويأتي بعدها الـ‬on ‫ تُستخدم‬
● On seeing the robber, she called the police.
ً ‫يستخدم الماضي التام مع الكلمات الدالة علي المضارع التام لدل أنه الحدث األول وقوعا‬
just / already/ ever / never / yet
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

 The film had already started when I arrived.

 I had already seen the film before I read the book.
no sooner11 than
‫فاعل‬ + had + hardly + pp … when ‫ماضى بسيط‬
scarcely when

No sooner than
Hardly + had + ‫ فاعل‬+ pp … when ‫ماضى بسيط‬
Scarcely when
 We had no sooner arrived at the cinema than the film started.
 No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.
‫ـ‬:‫ للتعبير عن الندم في الماضي‬I wish/if only ‫ويستخدم الماضي التام بعد‬
I wish / if only + ‫ ماضى تام‬+ ‫فاعل‬
I wish I had seen my friends yesterday.
:‫ في الحالة الثالثة‬if ‫ويستخدم الماضي التام أيضا بعد‬
If I had known he was ill, I would have visited him.

.Had been + PP :‫وفي حالة المبني للمجهول نستخدم‬

He said that he had cleaned the room.
He said that the room had been cleaned.

EXERCISE
* Choose the right answer
1- He wasn’t allowed to leave until he … his work.
a) finished b) has finished c) had finished d) was
finishing
2- I had phoned him before I … him.
a) had visited b) have visited c) was visiting d) visited
3- When he … the story, he wrote its summary.
a) read b) was reading c) had read d) has read
4- After having the bath, he … his supper.
a) ate b) eaten c) has eaten d) will
have eaten
5- No sooner … the chain than the car stopped.
a) she had pulled b) had she pulled c) has she pulled d) pulled
6- He … a reporter before he became a businessman.
a) has been b) would be c) was being d) had been
7- They … their dinner until their father had come.
a) didn’t take b) haven’t taken c) hadn’t taken d) weren’t
taking
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

8- I wasn’t hungry because I … a lot of fruits.

a) ate b) have eaten c) have been eaten d) had eaten
9- Hardly … the snake when they killed it with their sticks.
a) they saw b) they had seen c) have they seen d) had they
seen
10- When the students … the experiment, they wrote a report on it.
a) did b) had done c) were doing d) were
done
* Find the mistakes and write the 12 sentences correctly: -
1- Nobody leaves until the meeting had ended.
2- No sooner did I arrived home than I sent him a message.
3- After we had painted the flat, we will move into it.
4- Hardly had he passed his driving test than he bought a car.
5- When we arrived at the cinema, the film has already started.
6- My mobile didn’t work until I have changed it.
7- No sooner had he taken the medicine than he feels happy.
8- Having read the report, the manager had signed it.
9- It wasn't until he has made a fortune that he married

GENERALK EXERCISE BASED ON TENSES

* Choose the right answer and circle the reason: -
1- I … my homework when Ahmed arrived.
a) am doing b) was doing c) will be doing d) had done
2- He … in Minia for two years and then went to Cairo.
a) lives b) lived c) will be living d) has
lived
3- After they got to school, they realized that they … their homework.
a) forget b) forgot c) had forgotten d) has
forgotten
4- I … to my friend till I had received her letter.
a) won’t write b) didn’t write c) hasn’t written d) hadn’t
written
5- She … as an engineer from 1995 to 2004.
a) worked b) has worked c) has been working d) works
6- By the time we arrived, the train … .
a) left b) will leave c) has left d) had left
7- After … his friend, he went shopping.
a) has visit b) had visit c) visiting d) will
visit
8- While we … TV, the telephone rang.
a) are watching b) were watching c) watched d) had
watched
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

9- We travelled to Alex … our holiday.

a) during b) while c) when d) where
10- I didn’t speak until he … me permission.
a) gave b) has given c) gives d) had
given
11- By the time I arrived at school, the bell … .
a) rang b) rings c) would ring d) had
already rung
12- Before … for the job, I will have to do some tests.
a) applying b) apply c) will apply d) applied
24- We didn’t leave home … mother had arrived.
a) until b) before c) unless d) if
27- They … Aswan last year.
a) visit b) visited c) visiting d) visit

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* Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: -
1- While his dinner, the telephone rang.
2- I have been studying English seven years ago.
3- During he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
4- Hamdy has been reading this novel a week ago
5- He drove his car while he was listening to the cassette.
6- Having he had studied his lessons, he went to bed.
7- No sooner they won the African cup than they celebrated in their club.
8- I knew the time of his arrival until I had read his telegram.
9- They had hardly gone shopping, when it has started to rain.
10- Having mended his car, he will set off his journey.
11- I didn’t at home when you phoned last night.
12- Fatin cooked when she burnt herself.
13- During was walking in the park, a dog attacked her.
14- As soon as we started the computer, we had found out that it had a virus.
15- The play already started when we arrived at the theatre.
UNIT: 1 MR. KHALID GHANEM

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