MAHATMA GANDHLINSTITUTE OF CHAITANYA BHARATHI (P.0.), GANDIP: ‘CHNOLOGY HYDER, ABAD ~ 50075 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Lab Manual Principles of Extractive Metallurgy Lab In-Charge ql Principles of Extractive Metallurgy pt. of MME.a SVU LPP EPPA ERLE vob iis Experiment-1 To find the efficiency of electrolytic cell for Cu refining AIM: Aim of the experiment isto find out the efficiency of electrolytic cell for Cu refining 1.0 Introduction: Electro-refining is one of the prominent electrometallurgical production steps to produce pure copper for electrical applications. Oxygen is the main impurity which decreases the electrical conductivity. Fire refined copper in cast in the form of an anode. The cathode is made of pure copper sheet that is greased to facilitate the subsequent stripping off the metal deposited on it During Electrolysis, copper is transferred from the crude anode to the pure cathode, Impurities in the copper anode such as Fe, Co, Ni, and Se go into the solution and the precious metals collect below the anode is what is known as the anode slime, positive anode 1— negative cathode copper electrode Cu?) pure copper cathode cum Bus Fig. I Line diagram of Electrolytic cell + CuSO, solution In clectrorefining, impure copper ingot is connected as anode and a pure copper strip or plate is connected as cathode. Copper salt. solution (Cuso,) is taken as electrolyte. During electrorefining process, 'mPure copper will dissolve and releases Cu ions at anode. Cu > Cu +26 ‘The copper i Per Jons near cathode will be deposited on the cathode as per the given reaction. 3curtze > Cu Both electrodes are placed into a solution, called electrolytic sotution, that has 400% of the plating metal. When the potential difference is maintained between these two electrodes, the abject to be plated develops « negative charBes sbug entecting onions on tik Te OT then educed to metal atthe surface ofthe object and depositing over the metal. 1 the two electrodes, ions in the solutions Upon maintaining the potential difference betwee migrate to their respective electrodes and results in the conduction of current in the solution. AS cations are continuously migrating to the cathode from the bulk of the solution to the vicinity of the electrode surface the reduction reaction continuously takes place and so the thickness of the nus depositing metal increases. To maintain the electrical neutrality of the cell, as per the Arrher rules, equal amount of oxidation takes place at the anode, The generated electrons at anode are transferred tothe cathode and participate in the reduction reaction at the eathode, The amount of metal deposited at cathode or metal dissolved at anode will be governed by Faraday’s laws of Electrolysis. 2.0 Experimental Procedure: 1. Copper plates (3 Nos.) are taken as cathodes and a Copper plate is taken as an anode and polished them with 180 grit emery paper to remove oxides and other impurities on the surface, Blectroplating is surface phenomenon and the surface should be free from foreign substances. 2. Cathodes and anode are marked with one sq.in area on each side as the amount of current to be passed is proportional to the area exposed to the electrolyte. . Initial weights (W,) of anode and cathodes are measured and tabulated in table 1 Electrolyte Composition, g/L Specification | Actual valuesAnode Loe 5, Cathode copper plate is connected to the negative terminal of the battery and the Anode copper plate to the positive terminal of the battery as shown in Fig, | 6 The voltage across the cell is kept constant and varied current density with the help of variable Rheostat. 7. Copper deposition has been carried out at the following current densities: 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 A/Sq. ed the final weights, W. and the weight deposited has been calculated. weight deposition has been calculated by using Faraday’s Laws of electrolysis and M = Atomic Weight, moles i= Applied current Density, A/Sq. inch t =Process time, sCathodic Reaction(s): = =Aoustougg qweung o1pomped, AZMIN=M 3 ‘pousodaq TUBIOM Teonai09y TAM-ZAA =A. 3 ‘poisodag WPA TA 8 Sufiom jeu IM SB IysIOM qentuy s ‘ou your “bsyv ‘uauttoads oy uo Ausuog JUIN [POL ypu ‘bs Jo rary [OL ur ‘bsyy “Ausuaq quan oN’S “TaalCalculations: Results and Conclusions:Experiment-2 Flectrowinning of a non-ferrous metal Aim: inning of sinciples of electrowinning through electro ul the pt Aim of the experiment is to underst Zine through its leach liquor. Principle: Electrowinning, also called clectroextraction, is the electrodeposition of metals from their ores that lectrowinning, tion via a process commonly referred to as leaching In clectrowinning, have been put in solu large scale and are important techniques for the electroplating are used on a I principles of cation of non-ferrous metals. In this process, a current is economical and straightforward puriti rough a liquid leach-solution containing the metal so that the metal passed from an inert anode th - js extracted as it is deposited in an electroplating process onto the cathode. “The most common electrowon metals are lead, copper, gold, silver, zinc, aluminum, chromium, metals, For aluminum, this is the only production - cobalt, manganese, and the rare-earth and alkali s employed. Several industrially important active metals (which react strongly with water) ally by electrolysis of their pyrochemical molten salts. Most metals occur produced commerci in their oxidized form (ores) and thus must be reduced to their metallic forms. The ore is ved fllowing some preprocessing in an aqueous electrolyte 01 rin a molten salt and the Electrowinning eonsist of unrefined impure | a current is passed from an inert anode current passes through the | through a liquid /each solution containing ‘the anodes are corroded | the metal so that the metal is extracted as it is deposited in an electroplating process onto the cathodeeees yr Of ON NS a w of water, > a) “2 a <2 > < £ >> > ss c ti Vl. ¢ ss Precautions: t cl | ee Sis nic eee ee eee : cp 3) The suc ofthe cathode should be ve Som it nd x er oh Pe ore, ed cl oc Rect) cf ef ery Cathodic Reaction(s): or Se che wo ce 5 peers 2d2272772222772 2FIPIIDIO LC HH DIDO LOO DH cece eeeuuceccece bo yi72 777222222 CUR PIIFDVOVOUUOCO94E rae sted ans | tact | Paste, | Wei com | jan [tein | pecan woes pects | meee g a mmc | A/Sq, Inch } ow we | wew2wn | WeMwaF . | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | eee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | bExperiment —3 Yo conduct the Caleination of Lime Stone ‘ime and temperature of complete caleination forthe P ek CaCO, — C20 + COKe) + The standard Gibbs free enerey of reaction 1s approximated as 4G”= 177,100 — 138 7(/mol)The standard ffee energy of reaction is 0 in this case when the Aemperature, 7, i equal to 1121 K, or $48 °C. PROCEDURE + Weigh Sg of Cac ‘Keep the crucible in furnace for 10minutes at 850°C and remove it and coli to room temperature ‘Weigh the crucible and note down the weight loss ‘Repeat the same for 20,30 and 40minutes ferred 19 as kilns or ‘+ Caleination is carried out in furnaces or reactors (Sometimes Plot the weight oss vs time caleiners) of various designs including shal furnaces, rotary kilns, multiple heath furnaces, and Muidized bed reactors ‘+ decomposition of carbonate minerals s in the calcination of limestone to drive off carbon dioxide decomposition of hydrated minerals, as in the calcination of bauxite and gypsum, to remove crystalline water as water vapourTemperature _C 850. Initial weight, gm Final Weight, gm Weight loss, gm 105 120 900 15 30 45 15 90 105 120 950 15 30 45 60 15 30 45 60. 9 WOLLMAN AD ONIND EOIN © OOD if PLP CLLOOOL LE LOLS: si